Neuropsychological Functioning and MMPI-2 Profiles in Chronic Neck Pain: A Comparison of Whiplash and Non-Traumatic Groups

References

• Benedict , R.H.B. , Schretlen , D. , Groninger , L. and Drobaski , L. 1996 . Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: Studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity . Psychological-Assessment , 8 : 145 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berglund , A. , Alfredsson , L. , Jensen , I. , Cassidy , J.D. and Nygren , Å. 2001 . The association between exposure to a rear end collision and future health complaints . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 54 : 851 – 856 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blokhorst , M. , Swinkels , M. , Lof , O. , Lousberg , R. and Zilvold , G. 2002 . The influence of “State” related factors on focused attention following whiplash associated disorders . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 24 : 471 – 478 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma , F.K. and Kessels , R.P.C. 2002 . Cognitive impairments, psychological dysfunction, and coping styles in patients with chronic whiplash syndrome . Neuropshyciatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology , 15 : 56 – 65 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braehler , E. , Schumacher , J. and Braehler , C. 2000 . First standardization of the short version of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List GBB-24 in re-unified Germany . Psychotherapie-Psychosomatik-Medizinische-Psychologie , 50 : 14 – 21 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher , J. N. and Williams , C. L. 1992 . Essentials of MMPI-2 and MMPI-A interpretation , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , J. N. , Arbisi , P. A. , Atlis , M. M. and Mcnulty , J. L. 2003 . The construct validity of the Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale. Does this scale measure somatic malingering and feigned emotional distress? . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 18 ( 5 ) : 473 – 475 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan , J.D. and Hinkeldey , N.S. 1987 . Relationships between parts A and B of the Trail Making test . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 43 : 402 – 408 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coté , P. , Cassidy , J.D. and Caroll , L. 1998 . The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults . Spine , 23 : 1689 – 1698 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coté , P. , Hogg-Johnson , S. , Cassidy , J.D. , Carroll , L. and Frank , W.J. 2001 . The association between neck pain intensity, physical functioning, depressive symptomatology and time-to-closure after whiplash . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 54 : 275 – 286 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cradock , M.M. 1996 . Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) . Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering , 56 (8B) [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Ettlin , T.M. , Kischka , U. , Reichmann , S. , Radii , E.W. , Heim , S. , Wengen , D. and Benson , D.F. 1992 . Cerebral symptoms after whiplash injury of the neck: A prospective clinical and neuropsychological study of whiplash injury . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 55 : 943 – 948 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimse , R. , Björgen , I.A. , Tjell , Tyssedal , J.S. and Bo , K. 1997 . Reduced cognitive functions in a group of whiplash patients with demonstrated disturbances in the posture control system . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychol , 19 : 838 – 849 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , J. 1993 . MMPI-2 assessing personality and psychopathology , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Greiffenstein , M.F. and Baker , W.J. 2001 . Comparison of premorbid and postinjury MMPI-2 profiles in late postcontussion claimants . Clinical Neuropsychology , 15 : 162 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , G.A.E. , Normington , J. and Glassmirre , D. 1996 . Qualitative dimensions in scoring the Rey Visual Memory Test of malingering . Psychological Assessment , 8 : 383 – 387 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guez , M. , Hildingsson , C. , Nilsson , M. and Toolanen , G. 2002 . The prevalence of neck pain . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica , 73 : 455 – 459 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hathaway , S.R. and McKinley , J.C. 2000 . “ MMPI-2 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ” . In Manual for administrering och utvärdering. Svensk version , Stockholm : Psykologiförlaget AB .
   Google Scholar
• Heaton , R.K. , Ryan , L. , Grant , I. and Mathews , C.G. 1996 . “ Demographic influences on neuropsychological test performance ” . In Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders , 2nd , 141 – 163 . New York : Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• Hildingsson , C. , Wenngren , B-I. , Bring , G. and Toolanen , G. 1989 . Oculomotor problems after cervical spine injury . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica , 60 : 513 – 516 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildingsson , C. , Wenngren , B-I. and Toolanen , G. 1993 . Eye motility dysfunction after soft-tissue injury of the cervical spine . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica , 64 : 129 – 132 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) . 1994 . Classification of chronic pain , Edited by: Merskey and Bogduk . Seattle : IASP Press .
   Google Scholar
• Iverson , G. L. , Henrichs , T. F. , Barton , T. A. and Allen , S. 2002 . Specificity of the MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale as a marker for personal injury malingering . Psychological Reports , 90 ( 1 ) : 131 – 136 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaspers , J. P. 1998 . Whiplash and post-traumatic stress disorder . Disabil Rehabil , Nov, 20 : 397 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay , T. , Newman , B. , Cavallo , M. and Ezrachi , O. 1992 . Toward a neuropsychological model of functional disability after mild traumatic brain injury . Neuropsychology , 6 : 371 – 384 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Kessels , R.P.C. , Aleman , A. , Verhagen , W.I.M. and Van Luijtelaar , L.J.M. 2000 . Cognitive functioning after whiplash injury: A metanalysis . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 6 : 271 – 278 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert , J.B. 2002 . Clinical biomechanics . Dissertation Abstracts International , 60 : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Lees-Haley , P. R. , English , L. T. and Glenn , W. J. 1991 . A Fake Bad Scale on the MMPI-2 for personal injury claimants . Psychological Reports , 68 ( 1 ) : 203 – 210 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mäntyla , T. 2003 . Assessing absentmindedness: Prospective memory complaint and impairment in middle-aged adults . Memory & Cognition , 31 : 15 – 25 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayou , R. 1993 . Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents . BMJ , 11 : 647 – 651 .
   Google Scholar
• Nederhand , M.J. , Hermens , H.J. , Jzerman , I. , Turk , D.C. and Zilvold , G. 2003 . Chronic neck pain disability due to an acute whiplash injury . Pain , 102 : 63 – 71 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson , K. , Martelli , M.F. and Zasler , N.D. 2001 . Does pain confound interpretation of neuropsychological test results? . NeuroRehabilitation , 16 ( 4 ) : 305 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie , N.H. , Hadlai , H.C. , Jenkins , J.G. , Steinbrenner , K. and Bent , D.H. 1970 . Statistical package for the Social Sciences , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Nyman , H. 1998 . Claeson-Dahls test for learning and memory , Stockholm : Psykologiförlaget AB .
   Google Scholar
• Olsnes , B.T. 1989 . Neurobehavioural findings in whiplash patients with long-lasting symptoms . Acta neurologica Scandinavica , 80 : 584 – 588 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otte , A. , Ettlin , T.M. , Nitzsche , E.U. , Wachter , K. , Hoegerle , S. , Simon , G.H. , Fierz , L. , Moser , E. and Mueller-Brand , J. 1997 . PET and SPECT in whiplash syndrome: A New approach to a forgotten brain . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 63 : 368 – 372 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce , J.M.S. 1999 . A critical appraisal of the chronic whiplash syndrome . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 66 : 485 – 489 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettersson , K. , Hildingsson , C. , Toolanen , G. , Fagerlund , M. and Björnebrink , L. 1994 . MRI and neurology in acute whiplash trauma . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica , 65 ( 5 ) : 525 – 528 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , S.H. and Millis , S.R. 1994 . Psychosocial factors in the development and maintenance of chronic somatic and functional symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury . Advances in Medical Psychotherapy , 7 : 1 – 22. .
   Google Scholar
• Radanov , B.P. , Bicik , I. , Dvorak , J. , Von Schulthess , G.K. and Buck , A. 1999 . Relation between neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings in patients with late whiplash syndrome . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 66 : 485 – 489 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff , R.M. , Niemann , H. , Allen , C.C. , Farrow , C.E. and Wylie , T. 1992 . Automatic detection vs. controlled search, a paper-and-pencil approach . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 62 : 407 – 416 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Schretlen , D. , Brandt , J. , Krafft , L. and Van Gorp , W. 1991 . Some caveats in using the 15-item memory test to detect malingered amnesia . Psychological Assessment , 3 : 667 – 672 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Sweden (SCB) . 1994 . Traffic accidents Stocholm, , Sweden
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer , W.O. , Skovron , M.L. , Salmi , L.R. , Cassidy , J.D. , Duranceau , J. , Suissa , S. and Zeiss , E. 1998 . Scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Redefining “whiplash”and its management . Spine , 15 : 1S – 73S .
   Google Scholar
• Sterner , Y. , Toolanen , G. , Gerdle , B. and Hildingsson , C. 2003 . Journal of Spinal Disorders , 16 : 195 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , A.E. , Cheryl , A.C. and Mailis , A. 1996 . Persistent neuropsychological deficits following whiplash: Evidence for chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 77 : 529 – 535 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallabhajosula , B. and van-Gorp , W.G. 2001 . Post Daubert admissibility of scientific evidence on malingering of cognitive deficits . Journal of the Academy of Psychiatry and Law , 29 ( 2 ) : 207 – 215 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vendrig , A.A. , de Mey , H.R. , van Derksen , J.J. and Akkerveeken , P.F. 1998 . Assessment of chronic back pain patients characteristics using factor analysis of the MMPI-2: Which dimensions are actually assessed? . Pain , 76 : 179 – 188 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisberg , J.N. 2000 . Personality and personality disorders in chronic pain . Current Review of Pain , 4 ( 1 ) : 60 – 70 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wenngren , B.I. , Pettersson , K. , Lowenhielm , G. and Hildingsson , C. 2002 . Eye motility and auditory brainstem response dysfunction after whiplash injury . Acta Oto-Laryngologica , 122 : 276 – 283 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1955 . Wechlser memory scale manual , New York : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1987 . Wechlser memory scale revised manual , San Antonio TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar