References
- Amieva , H. , Lafont , S. , Auriacombe , S. , Rainville , C. , Orgogozo , J.M. , Dartigues , J.F. and Fabrigoule , C. 1998 . Analysis of error types in the Trail Making Test evidences an inhibitory deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer type . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 20 : 280 – 285 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Arbuthnott , K. and Frank , J. 2000 . Trail Making Test part B as a measure of executive control: Validation using a set-switching paradigm . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 22 : 518 – 522 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Axelrod , B.A. , Aharon-Peretz , J. , Tomar , R. and Fisher , T. 2000 . Creating Interpretation Guidelines for the Hebrew Trail Making Test . Applied Neuropsychology , 7 : 186 – 188 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Basso , M.R. and Bornstein , R.A. 2003 . Effects of past noninjection drug abuse upon executive function and working memory in HIV . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 25 : 893 – 903 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Bornstein , R.A. 1985 . Normative data on selected neuropsychological measures from a nonclinical sample . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 41 : 651 – 659 . [CSA]
- Cicerone , K.D. and Azulay , J. 2002 . Diagnostic utility of attention measures in Postconcussion Syndrome . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 16 : 280 – 289 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Corrigan , J.D. and Hinkeldey , N.S. 1987 . Relationships between parts A and B of the Trail Making Test . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 43 : 402 – 409 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Dikmen , S. , McLean , A. , Temkin , N.R. and Wyler , A. 1986 . Neuropsychological outcome at one-month postinjury . Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation , 67 : 507 – 513 . [CSA]
- Dikmen , S.S. , Machamer , J.E. , Winn , R. and Temkin , N.R. 1995 . Neuropsychological outcome 1-year post head injury . Neuropsychology , 9 : 80 – 90 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Giovagnoli , A.R. , Del Pesce , M. , Mascheroni , S. , Simoncelli , M. , Laiacona , M. and Capitani , E. 1996 . Trail Making Test: Normative values from 287 normal adult controls . Italian Journal of Neurological Science , 17 : 305 – 309 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Grant , I. , Reed , R. and Adams , K.M. 1987 . Diagnosis of intermediate-duration and subacute organic mental disorders in abstinent alcoholics . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 48 : 319 – 323 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Guilmette , T.J. , Faust , D. , Hart , K. and Arkes , H.R. 1990 . A national survey of psychologist who offer neuropsychological services . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 5 : 373 – 392 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Heaton , R.K. , Nelson , L.M. , Thompson , D.S. , Bursks , J.S. and Franklin , G.M. 1985 . Neuropsychological findings in relapsing-remitting and chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 53 : 103 – 110 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Heilbronner , R.L. , Henry , G.K. , Buck , P. , Adams , R.L. and Fogle , T. 1991 . Lateralized brain damage and performance on Trail Making Test A and B, digit span forward and backward, and TPT memory and location . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 6 : 251 – 258 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2001a . Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in alcohol abusers . International Journal of Neuroscience , 109 : 281 – 287 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2001b . Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in marijuana abusers . International Journal of Neuroscience , 110 : 173 – 180 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2001c . Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in narcotic and other opiate abusers . International Journal of Neuroscience , 111 : 101 – 107 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2001d . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of substance abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 111 : 123 – 132 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2001e . Sex, ethnicity, age and education effects on the Trail Making Test in a sample of cocaine abusers . International Journal of Neuroscience , 108 : 281 – 290 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2002a . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of hallucinogen abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 112 : 565 – 573 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2002b . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of heroin abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 112 : 225 – 234 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2002c . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of marijuana abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 112 : 429 – 438 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2002d . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of narcotic and other opiate abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 112 : 1075 – 1084 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2003a . Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in a drug abuse treatment sample . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 18 : 49 – 56 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Horton , A.M. and Roberts , C. 2003b . Depression and Trail Making Test scores in a sample of cocaine abusers . International Journal of Neuroscience , 113 : 595 – 604 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Kim , M. , Kang , S. , Youn , T. , Kang , D. , Kim , J. and Kwon , J. 2003 . Neuropsychological correlates of P300 abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder . Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging , 123 : 109 – 123 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Klesges , R.C. , Fisher , L. , Pheley , A. , Boschee , P. and Vasey , M. 1984 . A major validation study of the Halstead-Reitan in the prediction of CAT-scan assessed brain-damaged adults . International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 1 : 29 – 34 . [CSA]
- Klusman , L.E. , Cripe , L.I. and Dodrill , C.B. 1989 . Analysis of errors on the Trial Making Test . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 68 : 1199 – 1204 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Lamberty , G.J. , Putnam , S.H. , Chatel , D.M. , Beliauskas , L.A. and Adams , K.S. 1994 . Derived Trial Making Test indices: A preliminary report . Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology , 7 : 230 – 234 . [CSA]
- Levin , H.S. , O'Donnell , V.M. and Grossman , R.G. 1979 . The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders , 167 : 675 – 684 . [CSA]
- Lezak , M.D. 1995 . Neuropsychological assessment (3rd Ed) , Oxford University Press : New York .
- Leininger , B.E. , Gramling , S.E. , Farrell , A.D. and Peck , E.A. 1990 . Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury after concussion and mild concussion . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 53 : 293 – 296 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Martin , T.A. , Hoffman , N.M. and Donders , J. 2003 . Clinical utility of the Trail Making Test ratio score . Applied Neuropsychology , 10 : 163 – 169 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- McCaffrey , R.J. , Krahula , M.M. and Heimberg , R.G. 1989 . An analysis of the significance of performance errors on the Trail Making Test in polysubstance users . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 4 : 393 – 398 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Naismith , S.L. , Hickie , I.B. , Turner , K. , Little , C.L. , Winter , V. , Ward , P.B. , Wilhelm , K. , Mitchell , P. and Parker , G. 2003 . Neuropsychological performance in patients with depression is associated with clinical, etiological and genetic Risk Factors . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 25 : 866 – 877 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Nilson , L. , Barregard , L. and Backman , L. 1999 . Trail Making Test in the chronic toxic encephalopathy: Performance and discriminative potential . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 13 : 314 – 327 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Rasmusson , D.X. , Zonderman , A.B. , Kawas , C. and Resnick , S.M. 1998 . Effects of age and dementia on the Trail Making Test . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 12 : 169 – 178 . [CSA]
- Reitan , R.M. 1958 . The validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 8 : 271 – 276 . [CSA]
- Reitan , R.M. 1992 . Trail Making Test: Manual for administration and scoring , Reitan Neuropsychological Laboratory : South Tucson, Arizona .
- Reitan , R.M. and Tarshes , E.L. 1959 . Differential effects of lateralised brain lesions on the Trail Making Test . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 129 : 257 – 262 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Reitan , R.M. and Wolfson , D. 1985 . The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: Therapy and clinical interpretation , Tucson, AZ : Neuropsychology Press .
- Roberts , C. and Horton , A.M. 2001a . Sex, ethnicity, age and education effects on the Trail Making Test in a sample of heroin abusers . International Journal of Neuroscience , 110 : 99 – 106 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Roberts , C. and Horton , A.M. 2001b . Using the Trail Making Test to screen for cognitive impairment in a drug abuse treatment sample . International Journal of Neuroscience , 109 : 273 – 280 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Roberts , C. and Horton , A.M. 2002a . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of alcohol abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 112 : 337 – 346 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Roberts , C. and Horton , A.M. 2002b . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of amphetamine abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 112 : 575 – 584 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Roberts , C. and Horton , A.M. 2002c . Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of sedative abusers: Demographic effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 112 : 985 – 994 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Roberts , C. and Horton , A.M. 2003 . Anxiety and Trail Making Test scores in a sample of cocaine abusers . International Journal of Neuroscience , 113 : 747 – 757 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Rohling , M.L. , Meyers , J.E. and Millis , S.R. 2003 . Neuropsychological impairment following traumatic brain injury: A dose-response analysis . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 17 : 289 – 302 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Ruffolo , L.F. , Guilmette , T.J. and Willis , W.J. 2000 . Comparison of time and error rates on the Trail Making Test among patients with head injuries, experimental malingerers, patients with suspected effort on testing, and normal controls . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 14 : 223 – 230 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Sellers , A.H. and Nadler , J.D. 1992 . A survey of current neuropsychological assessment procedures used for different age groups . Psychotherapy in Private Practice , 11 : 47 – 57 . [CSA]
- Stuss , D.T. , Stethem , L.L. , Hugenholtz , H. and Richard , M.T. 1989 . Traumatic brain injury: A comparison of three clinical tests, and analysis of recovery . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 3 : 145 – 156 . [CSA]
- U.S. War Department, Adjutant General's Office . 1944 . Manual of the Army Individual Test , Washington : Author .