Verbal learning and memory deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
   Google Scholar
• Arnáiz , E. and Almkvist , O. 2003 . Neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment and preclinical Alzheimer's disease . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , 107 : 34 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeta , E. 2002 . Bateria para avaliação neuropsicológica de adultos com epilepsia . Psicologia , 16 : 79 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , D. A. , Schneider , J. A. , Bienias , J. L. , Evans , D. A. and Wilson , R.S. 2005 . Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions . Neurology , 64 : 834 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blessed , G. , Tomlinson , B. E. and Roth , M. 1968 . The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 114 : 797 – 811 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botelho , M. A. 2000 . Autonomia funcional em idosos , Porto : Laboratórios Bial .
   Google Scholar
• Bousfield , W. A. 1953 . The occurrence of clustering in recall of randomly arranged associates . The Journal of General Psychology , 49 : 229 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , P. , Ratcliff , G. , Belle , S. H. , Cauley , J. A. , deKosky and Gangulli . 2000 . Cognitive tests that best discriminate between presymptomatic AD and those who remained nondemented . Neurology , 55 : 1847 – 1853 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowell , T. A. , Luis , C. A. , Vanderploeg , R. V. , Schinka , J. A. and Mullan , M. 2002 . Memory patterns and executive functioning in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease . Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition , 9 : 288 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Mendonça , A. , Guerreiro , M. , Ribeiro , F. , Mendes , T. and Garcia , C. 2004 . Mild Cognitive Impairment. Focus on diagnosis . Journal of Molecular Neuroscience , 23 : 13 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeKosky , S. T. , Ikonomovic , M. D. , Styren , S. D. , Beckett , L. , Wisniewski , S. , Bennett , D. A. , Cochran , E. J. , Kordower , J. H. and Mufson , E. J. 2002 . Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment . Annals of Neurology , 51 : 145 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delis , D. C. , Kaplan , E. , Kramer , J. H. and Ober , B. A. 1988 . Integrating clinical assessment with cognitive neuroscience: Construct validation of the California Verbal Learning Test . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 123 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delis , D. C. , Kaplan , E. , Kramer , J. H. and Ober , B. A. 2000 . California Verbal Learning Test:-II , 2nd , San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Delis , D. C. , Kramer , J. H. , Kaplan , E. and Ober , B. A. 1987 . California Verbal Learning Test: Research edition , New York : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Delis , D. C. , Massman , P. J. , Butters , N. , Salmon , D. P. , Cermak , L. S. and Kramer , J. H. 1991 . Profiles of demented and amnesic patients on the California Verbal Learning Test: Implications for the assessment of memory disorders . Psychological Assessment , 3 : 19 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Dudas , R. B. , Claghe , F. , Thompson , S. A. , Graham , K. S. and Hodges , J. R. 2005 . Episodic and semantic memory in mild cognitive impairment . Neuropsychologia , 43 : 1266 – 1276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estévez-González , A. , Kulisevsky , J. , Boltes , A. , Otermín , P. and García-Sánchez , C. 2003 . Rey verbal learning test is a useful tool for differential diagnosis in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease: Comparison with mild cognitive impairment and normal aging . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 18 : 1021 – 1028 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. E. and McHugh , P. R. 1975 . Mini-Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 : 189 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , L. S. , Olin , J. T. , Erblich , J. , Ippen , C. G. and Schneider , L. S. 1998 . Severity of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease affects list learning using the California Verbal learning Test (CVLT) . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 13 : 544 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia , C. 1984 . Alzheimer's disease: Difficulties in clinical diagnosis , Lisbon : Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon . PhD Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Grundman , M. , Petersen , R. C. , Ferris , S. H. , Thomas , R. G. , Aisen , P. S. , Bennett , D. A. , Foster , N. L. , Jack , C. R. Jr , Galasko , D. R. , Doody , R. , Kaye , J. , Sano , M. , Mohs , R. , Gauthier , S. , Kim , H. T. , Jin , S. , Schultz , A. N. , Schafer , K. , Mulnard , R. , van Dyck , C. H. , Mintzer , J. , Zamrini , E. Y. , Cahn-Weiner , D. , Thal , L. J. and for the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study . 2004 . Mild Cognitive Impairment can be distinguished from Alzheimer disease and normal aging for clinical trials . Archives of Neurology , 61 : 59 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerreiro , M. , Silva , A. P. , Botelho , M. A. , Leitão , O. , Castro Caldas , A. and Garcia , C. 1994 . Adaptação à população portuguesa na tradução do “MiniMental State Examination” (MMSE) . Revista Portuguesa de Neurologia , 1 : 9
   Google Scholar
• Howieson , D. B. and Lezak , M. D. 1995 . “ Separating memory from other cognitive problems ” . In Handbook of memory disorders , Edited by: Baddeley , A.D. , Wilson , B.A. and Watts , F.N. Chichester, , UK : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Knoke , D. , Taylor , A. E. and Saint-Cyr , J. A. 1998 . The differential effects of cueing on recall in Parkinson's disease and normal subjects . Brain and Cognition , 38 : 261 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knopman , D. S. , DeKosky , S. T. , Cummings , J. L. , Chui , H. , Corey-Bloom , J. , Relkin , N. , Small , G. W. , Miller , B. and Stevens , J. C. 2001 . Practice parameter: Diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review) . Neurology , 56 : 1143 – 1153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , J. H. , Levin , B. E. , Brandt , J. and Delis , D. C. 1989 . Differentiation of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease patients on the basis of verbal learning characteristics . Neuropsychology , 3 : 111 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange , K. L. , Bonde , M. W. , Salmon , D. P. , Galasko , D. , Dellis , D. C. , Thomas , R. G and Thal , L. J. 2002 . Decline in verbal memory during preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Examination of the effect of APOE genotype . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 8 : 943 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton , M. P. and Brody , E. M. 1969 . Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living . Gerontologist , 9 : 179 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak , M. D. 1995 . Neuropsychological assessment , 3rd , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maroco , J. 2003 . Análise estatística. Com utilização do SPSS , 2nd , 188 – 195 . Lisboa : Edições Sílabo .
   Google Scholar
• McKhann , G. , Drachman , D. , Folstein , M. , Katzman , R. , Price , D. and Stadlan , E. M. 1984 . Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group . Neurology , 34 : 939 – 944 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , J. C. and Cummings , J. 2005 . Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Special Report from the challenging views of Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Alzheimer's Disease , 7 : 235 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyberg , L. and Cabeza , R. 2000 . “ Brain imaging of memory ” . In The Oxford handbook of memory , Edited by: Tulving , E. and Craik , F. I. M. 501 – 519 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrosky-Solis , F. , López-Arango , G. and Ardila , A. 2000 . Sensitivity and specificity of the Mini-Mental state examination in a Spanish-speaking population . Applied Neuropsychology , 7 : 25 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmer , K. , Fratiglioni , L. and Winblad , B. 2003 . What is mild cognitive impairment? Variations in definitions and evolution of nondemented persons with cognitive impairment . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , 179 : 14 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantoni , L. , Basile , A. M. , Pracucci , J. , Asplund , K. , Bogousslavsky , J. , Chabriat , H. , Erkinjuntti , T. , Fazekas , F. , Ferro , J. M. , Hennerici , M. , O´Brien , J. , Scheltens , P. , Visser , M. C. , Whalund , L. O. , Waldemar , G. , Wallin , A. , Inzitari , D. and on behalf of the Ladis study group . 2005 . Impact of age related cerebral white matter changes on the transition to disability—The Ladis Study: Rationale, design and methodology . Neuroepidemiologia , 24 : 51 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perri , R. , Carlesimi , G. A. , Serra , L. , Caltagirone , C. and the Early Diagnosis Group of the Italian Interdisciplinary Network on Alzheimer's Disease . 2005 . Characterization of memory profile in subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 27 : 1033 – 1055 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , R. C. and Bennett , D. 2005 . Mild Cognitive Impairment: Is it Alzheimer's disease or not? Special report from the challenging views of Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Alzheimer's Disease , 7 : 241 – 245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , R. C. , Doody , R. , Kurz , A. , Mohs , R. C. , Morris , J. C. , Rabins , P. V. , Ritchie , K. , Rossor , M. , Thal , L. and Winblad , B. 2001a . Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment . Archives of Neurology , 58 : 1985 – 1992 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , R. C. , Smith , G. E. , Waring , S. C. , Ivnik , R. J. , Tangalos , E. G. and Kokmen , E. 1999 . Mild cognitive impairment . Archives of Neurology , 56 : 303 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , R. C. , Stevens , J. C. , Ganguli , M. , Tangalos , E. G. , Cummings , J.L. and DeKosky , S.-T. 2001b . Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology . Neurology , 56 : 1133 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro , F. , Guerreiro , M. and de Mendonça , A. 2006 . Mild Cognitive Impairment: deficits in cognitive domains other than memory . Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , 21 : 284 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shear , P. K. , Wells , C. T. and Brock , A. M. 2000 . The effect of semantic cuing on CVLT performance in healthy participants . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , l22 : 649 – 655 .
   Google Scholar
• Stout , J. C. , Bondi , M. W. , Jernigan , T. L. , Archibald , S. L. , Delis , D. C. and Salmon , D. P. 1999 . Regional cerebral loss associated with verbal learning and memory of the Alzheimer type . Neuropsychology , 13 : 188 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stricker , J. L. , Brown , G. G. , Wixted , J. , Baldo , J. V. and Delis , D. C. 2002 . New semantic and serial clustering indices for the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition: Background, rationale, and formulae . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 8 : 425 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabert , M. H. , Albert , S. M. , Borukhova-Milov , L. , Camacho , Y. , Pelton , G. , Liu , X. , Stern , Y. and Devanand , D. P. 2002 . Functional deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Prediction of AD . Neurology , 58 : 758 – 764 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlmann , R. F. and Larson , E. B. 1991 . Effect of education on the mini-mental state examination as a screening test for dementia . Journal of American Geriatric Society , 39 : 876 – 880 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderploeg , R. D. , Crowell , T. A. and Curtiss , G. 2001 . Verbal learning and memory deficits in traumatic brain injury: Encoding, consolidation, and retrieval . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 23 : 185 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlund , L. O. , Barkhof , F. , Fazekas , F. , Bronge , L. , Augustin , M. , Sjogren , M. , Wallin , A. , Ader , H. , Leys , D. , Pantoni , L. , Pasquier , F. , Erkinjuntti , T. , Scheltens , P. and European Task Force on Age-Related White Matter Changes . 2001 . A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT . Stroke , 32 : 1318 – 1322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warschausky , S. , Kay , J. B. , Chi , P. L. and Donders , J. 2005 . Hierarchical linear modeling of California Verbal Learning Test–Children's Version learning curve characteristics following childhood traumatic head injury . Neuropsychology , 19 : 193 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1969 . Manuel de l'échelle clinique de mémoire , Paris : Centre de Psychologie Appliquée .
   Google Scholar
• Winblad , B. , Palmer , K. , Kivipelto , M. , Jelic , V. , Fratiglioni , L. , Wahlund , L.-O. , Nordberg , A. , Bäckman , L. , Albert , M. , Almkvist , O. , Arai , H. , Basun , H. , Blennow , K. , de Leon , M. , DeCarli , C. , Erkinjuntti , T. , Giacobini , E. , Graff , C. , Hardy , J. , Jack , C. , Jorm , A. , Ritchie , K. , Van Duijn , C. , Visser , P. and Petersen , R.C. 2004 . Mild Cognitive Impairment: Beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment . Journal of Internal Medicine , 256 : 240 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar