366
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effects of level of processing at encoding and types of retrieval task in mild cognitive impairment and normal aging

, , , &
Pages 312-321 | Received 03 Oct 2007, Accepted 07 Apr 2008, Published online: 23 Mar 2009

REFERENCES

  • Bäckman , L. and Herlitz , A. 1996 . “ Knowledge and memory in Alzheimer's disease: A relationship that exists ” . In The cognitive neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease , Edited by: Morris , R. G. 89 – 104 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Bäckman , L. , Mäntylä , T. and Herlitz , A. 1990 . “ The optimization of episodic remembering in old age ” . In Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences , Edited by: Baltes , P. B. and Baltes , M. M. 118 – 163 . Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Baltes , P. and Mayer , K. U. 1999 . The Berlin aging study. Aging from 70 to 100 , Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Beauregard , A. 1971 . Test des Automatismes Verbaux , France : Editions Scientifiques et Psychotechniques . [Test of Verbal Automatisms]. Issy les Moulineaux
  • Belleville , S. , Chetrkow , H. and Gauthier , S. 2007 . Working memory and control of attention in person with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment . Neuropsychology , 4 : 458 – 469 .
  • Belleville , S. , Gilbert , B. , Gagnon , L. , Fontaine , F. , Ménard , E. and Gauthier , S. Multifactorial cognitive training in patients with mild cognitive impairment . Proceedings of the 9th Cognitive Aging Conference . April 2002 . pp. 4 Atlanta, GA, USA
  • Benett , I. J. , Golob , E. J. , Parker , E. S. and Starr , A. 2006 . Memory evaluation in mild cognitive impairment using recall and recognition test . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 28 : 1408 – 1422 .
  • Bird , M. and Luszcz , M. 1991 . Encoding specificity, depth of processing, and cued-recall in Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 13 : 508 – 520 .
  • Bird , M. and Luszcz , M. 1993 . Enhancing memory performance in Alzheimer's disease: Acquisition assistance and cue effectiveness . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 15 : 921 – 932 .
  • Bonin , P. , Méot , A. , Aubert , L. , Malardier , N. , Niedenthal , P. and Capelle-Toczek , M. C. 2003 . Normes de concrétude, de valeur d'imagerie, de fréquence subjective et de valence émotionnelle pour 866 mots [Norms of concretness, value of imagery, subjective frequency and emotional valency for 866 words] . L'Année Psychologique , 104 : 655 – 694 .
  • Bruce , V. and Young , A. W. 1986 . Understanding face recognition . British Journal of Psychology , 77 : 305 – 327 .
  • Craik , F. I. M. 1990 . Changes with normal aging: A functional view . Advances in Neurology , 51 : 201 – 205 .
  • Craik , F. I. M. and Bird , M. 1982 . “ Aging and cognitive deficits: The role of attentional resources ” . In Aging and cognitive processes , Edited by: Craik , F. I. M. and Trehub , S. 191 – 211 . New York : Plenum .
  • Craik , F. I. M. and McDowd , J. M. 1987 . Age differences in recall and recognition . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 13 : 474 – 479 .
  • Demb , J. B. , Desmond , J. E. , Wagner , A. D. , Baidys , C. J. , Glover , G. H. and Gabrieli , J. D. E. 1995 . Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: A functional MRI study of task difficulty and process specificity . Journal of Neuroscience , 15 : 5870 – 5878 .
  • Duong , A. , Whitehead , V. , Hanratty , K. and Chertkow , H. 2006 . The nature of lexico-semantic processing deficits in mild cognitive impairment . Neuropsychologia , 4 : 1928 – 1935 .
  • Flicker , C. , Ferris , S. H. and Reisberg , B. 1991 . Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: Predictor of dementia . Neurology , 41 : 1006 – 1009 .
  • Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. E. and McHugh , P. R. 1975 . A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 : 189 – 198 .
  • Ganguli , M. , Dodge , H. H. , Shen , C. and DeKosky , S. T. 2004 . Mild cognitive impairment, amnestic type: Epidemiologic study . Neurology , 63 : 115 – 121 .
  • Gauthier , S. , Reisberg , B. , Zaudig , M. , Petersen , R. C. , Ritchie , K. Broich , K. 2006 . Mild cognitive impairment . Lancet , 367 : 1262 – 1270 .
  • Grober , E. and Buschke , H. 1987 . Genuine memory deficits in dementia . Developmental Neuropsychology , 3 : 13 – 36 .
  • Günther , V. K. , Schäfer , P. , Holzner , B. J. and Kemmler , G. W. 2003 . Long-term improvements in cognitive performance through computer-assisted cognitive training: A pilot study in a residential home for older people . Aging Mental Health , 7 : 200 – 206 .
  • Herlitz , A. , Lipinska , B. and Bäckman , L. 1992 . “ Utilization of cognitive support for episodic remembering in Alzheimer's disease ” . In Memory functioning in dementia , Edited by: Bäckman , L. 73 – 96 . Amsterdam : North-Holland .
  • Herlitz , A. and Viitanen , M. 1991 . Semantic organization and verbal episodic memory in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 13 : 559 – 574 .
  • Lawton , M. P. and Brody , E. M. 1969 . Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living . Gerontologist , 9 : 179 – 186 .
  • Lipinska , B. and Bäckman , L. 1997 . Encoding-retrieval interactions in mild Alzheimer's disease: The role of access to categorical information . Brain and Cognition , 34 : 274 – 286 .
  • Logan , J. M. , Sanders , A. L. , Snyder , A. Z. , Morris , J. C. and Buckner , R. L. 2002 . Under-recruitment and nonselective recruitment: Dissociable neural mechanisms associated with aging . Archives of Neurology , 33 : 827 – 840 .
  • Lyketsos , C. G. , Lopez , O. , Jones , B. , Fitzpatrih , A. L. , Breitenr , J. and DeKosky , S. 2002 . Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Results from the cardiovascular health study . JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association , 288 : 1475 – 1483 .
  • McNair , D. and Kahn , R. J. 1983 . “ Self assessment of cognitive deficits ” . In Assessment in geriatric psychopharmacology , Edited by: Crook , T. 137 – 143 . New Canaan, CT : Mark Powley Associates .
  • Morris , R. G. and Kopelman , M. D. 1986 . The memory deficits in Alzheimer-type dementia: A review . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 38A : 575 – 602 .
  • Multhaup , K. S. and Balota , D. A. 1997 . Generation effects and source memory in healthy older adults and in adults of the Alzheimer type . Neuropsychology , 11 : 382 – 391 .
  • Nebes , R. D. 1992 . “ Cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease ” . In Handbook of aging and cognition , Edited by: Craik , F. I. M. and Salthouse , T. A. 373 – 446 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Parker , E. S. , Landau , S. M. , Whipple , S. C. and Schwartz , B. L. 2004 . Aging, recall, and recognition: A study on the sensitivity of the University of Southern California repeatable episodic memory test (USCT-REMT) . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 26 : 428 – 440 .
  • Petersen , R. C. 2000 . Mild cognitive impairment or questionable dementia? . Archives of Neurology , 57 : 643 – 644 .
  • Petersen , R. C. , Doody , R. , Kurz , A. , Mohs , R. C. , Morris , J. C. Rabins , P. V. 2001 . Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment . Archives of Neurology , 58 : 1985 – 1992 .
  • Petersen , R. C. and Morris , J. C. 2003 . “ Clinical features ” . In Mild cognitive impairment: Aging to Alzheimer's disease , Edited by: Petersen , R. C. 15 – 40 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Petersen , R. C. , Smith , G. E. , Waring , S. C. , Ivnik , R. J. , Tangalos , E. G. and Kokmen , E. 1999 . Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome . Archives of Neurology , 56 : 303 – 308 .
  • Rabinowitz , J. C. , Craik , F. I. M. and Ackerman , B. P. 1982 . A processing resource account of age differences in recall . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 36 : 325 – 344 .
  • Raven , J. C. , Court , J. H. and Raven , J. 1986 . Manual for Raven's progressive matrices and vocabulary scales , Oxford, UK : Oxford Psychologists Press .
  • Ritchie , K. 2004 . Mild cognitive impairment: An epidemiological perspective . Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , 6 : 401 – 408 .
  • Ritchie , K. , Artero , S. and Touchon , J. 2001 . Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: A population-based validation study . Neurology , 56 : 37 – 42 .
  • Salmon , D. P. , Thomas , R. G. , Pay , M. M. , Booth , A. , Hofstetter , C. R. Thal , L. J. 2002 . Alzheimer's disease can be accurately diagnosed in very mildly impaired individuals . Neurology , 59 : 1022 – 1028 .
  • Schacter , D. L. , Israel , L. and Racine , C. 1999 . Suppressing false recognition in young and older adults: The distinctive heuristic . Journal of Memory and Language , 40 : 1 – 24 .
  • Schneider , W. , Eschman , A. and Zuccolotto , A. 2002 . E-Prime User's Guide , Pittsburgh : Psychology Software Tools Inc . [software]
  • Smith , G. E. , Petersen , R. C. , Parisi , J. E. , Ivnik , R. J. , Kokmen , E. Tangalos , E. G. 1996 . Definition, course, and outcome of mild cognitive impairment . Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition , 3 : 141 – 147 .
  • Snodgrass , J. G. and Corwin , J. 1988 . Pragmatics measuring recognition: Application to dementia and amnesia . Journal of Experimental Research: General , 117 : 34 – 50 .
  • Taconnat , L. , Clarys , D. , Vanneste , S. and Isingrini , M. 2006 . Effect of distinctive encoding on false recognition, discrimination, and decision criteria in young and elderly adults . European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , 18 : 708 – 729 .
  • Taconnat , L. , Clarys , D. , Vanneste , S. , Bouazzaoui , B. and Isingrini , M. 2007 . Aging and strategic retrieval in a cued-recall test: The role of executive functions and fluid intelligence . Brain and Cognition , 64 : 1 – 6 .
  • Taconnat , L. and Isingrini , M. 2004 . Cognitive processes in the generation effect in a recall test: Role of aging and divided attention . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 30 : 827 – 837 .
  • Tierney , M. C. , Szalai , J. P. , Snow , W. G. and Fisher , R. H. 1996 . The prediction of Alzheimer disease . Archive of Neurology , 53 : 423 – 427 .
  • Tulving , E. and Thompson , D. M. 1973 . Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory . Psychological Review , 80 : 352 – 373 .
  • Yesavage , J. A. , Brink , T. L. , Rose , T. L. , Lum , O. , Huang , V. Adey , M. B. 1983 . Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 17 : 37 – 49 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.