A review of factors that moderate autobiographical memory performance in patients with major depressive disorder

REFERENCES

• Arie , M. , Apter , A. , Orbach , I. , Yefet , Y. and Zalzman , G. 2008 . Autobiographical memory, interpersonal problem solving, and suicidal behavior in adolescent inpatients . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 49 ( 1 ) : 22 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnhofer , T. , de Jong-Meyer , R. , Kleinpass , A. and Nikesch , S. 2002 . Specificity of autobiographical memories in depression: An analysis of retrieval processes in a think-aloud task . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 41 ( 4 ) : 411 – 416 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnhofer , T. , Crane , C. , Spinhoven , P. and Williams , J. M. G. 2007 . Failures to retrieve specific memories in previously depressed individuals: Random errors or content-related? . Behaviour Research & Therapy , 45 ( 8 ) : 1859 – 1869 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Basso , M. R. and Bornstein , R. A. 1999 . Relative memory deficits in recurrent versus first-episode major depression on a word-list learning task . Neuropsychology , 13 ( 4 ) : 557 – 563 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bearden , C. E. , Thompson , P. M. , Dutton , R. A. , Frey , B. N. , Peluso , M. A. Nicoletti , M. 2008 . Three-dimensional mapping of hippocampal anatomy in unmedicated and lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder . Neuropsychopharmacology , 33 : 1229 – 1238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergouignan , L. , Lemogne , C. , Foucher , A. , Longin , E. , Vistoli , D. Allilaire , J. F. 2008 . Field perspective deficit for positive memories characterizes autobiographical memory in euthymic depressed patients . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 46 ( 3 ) : 322 – 333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besche-Richard , C. , Passerieux , C. and Hardy-Bayle , M. C. 2002 . Lexical decision tasks in depressive patients: Semantic priming before and after clinical improvement . European Psychiatry , 17 ( 2 ) : 69 – 74 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Birch , L. S. and Davidson , K. M. 2007 . Specificity of autobiographical memory in depressed older adults and its relationship with working memory and IQ . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 46 ( Pt. 2 ) : 175 – 186 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bluck , S. 2003 . Autobiographical memory: Exploring its functions in everyday life . Memory , 11 : 113 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin , C. R. , Reynolds , M. and Tata , P. 1999 . Autobiographical memory processes and the course of depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 108 ( 3 ) : 511 – 517 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brittlebank , A. D. , Scott , J. , Williams , J. M. G. and Ferrier , I. N. 1993 . Autobiographical memory in depression: State or trait marker? . British Journal of Psychiatry , 162 : 118 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess , P. W. and Shallice , T. 1996a . Confabulation and the control of recollection . Memory , 4 : 359 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess , P. W. and Shallice , T. 1996b . Response suppression, initiation, and strategy use following frontal lobe lesions . Neuropsychologia , 34 : 263 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnside , E. , Startup , M. , Byatt , M. , Rollinson , L. and Hill , J. 2004 . The role of overgeneral autobiographical memory in the development of adult depression following childhood trauma . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 43 ( 4 ) : 365 – 376 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cahill , L. , Haier , R. J. , Fallon , J. , Alkire , M. T. , Tang , C. Keator , D. 1996 . Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information . Neurobiology , 93 July : 8016 – 8021 .
   Google Scholar
• Cahill , L. and McGaugh , J. L. 1998 . Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory . Trends in Neuroscience , 21 ( 7 ) : 294 – 299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canli , T. , Zhao , Z. , Brewer , J. , Gabrieli , J. D. and Cahill , L. 2000 . Event-related activation in the human amygdala associates with later memory for individual emotional experience . Journal of Neuroscience , 20 ( 19 ) : RC99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , E. Z. , Sackeim , H. A. , Prudic , J. , Devanand , D. P. , McElhiney , M. C. and Moody , B. J. 1996 . Subjective memory complaints prior to and following electroconvulsive therapy . Biological Psychiatry , 39 : 346 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. 2001 . Sensory–perceptual episodic memory and its context: Autobiographical memory . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences , 356 ( 1413 ) : 1375 – 1384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. 2003 . Commentary: Cognitive-affective mechanisms and processes in autobiographical memory . Memory , 11 ( 2 ) : 217 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. and Fthenaki , A. 2000 . “ Disruption and loss of autobiographical memory ” . In Handbook of neuropsychology , Edited by: Boller , F. and Grafman , J. Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. and Pleydell-Pearce , C. W. 2000 . The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system . Psychological Review , 107 ( 2 ) : 261 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. , Pleydell-Pearce , C. W. and Whitecross , S. E. 2001 . The neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory: A slow cortical potential study of autobiographical memory retrieval . Journal of Memory and Language , 45 : 493 – 524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane , C. and Duggan , D. 2009 . Overgeneral autobiographical memory and age of onset of childhood sexual abuse in patients with recurrent suicidal behaviour . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 48 : 93 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane , C. , Barnhofer , T. , Visser , C. , Nightingale , H. and Williams , J. M. G. 2007a . The effects of analytical and experiential rumination on autobiographical memory specificity in individuals with a history of major depression . Behaviour Research & Therapy , 45 ( 12 ) : 3077 – 3087 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane , C. , Barnhofer , T. , Mark , J. and Williams , G. 2007b . Cue self-relevance affects autobiographical memory specificity in individuals with a history of major depression . Memory , 15 ( 3 ) : 312 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crovitz , H. F. and Schiffman , H. 1974 . Frequency of episodic memories as a function of their age . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 4 : 517 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalgleish , T. , Williams , J. M. G. , Golden , A. M. , Perkins , N. , Barrett , L. F. Barnard , P. J. 2007 . Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory and depression: The role of executive control . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 136 ( 1 ) : 23 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalgleish , T. and Yiend , J. 2006 . The effects of suppressing a negative autobiographical memory on concurrent intrusions and subsequent autobiographical recall in dysphoria . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 115 ( 3 ) : 457 – 473 .
   Google Scholar
• D'Argembeau , A. , Comblain , C. and Van der Linden , M. 2003 . Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for positive, negative, and neutral events . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 17 ( 3 ) : 281 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Argembeau , A. and Van der Linden , M. 2004 . Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance . Consciousness and Cognition , 13 ( 4 ) : 844 – 858 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Decker , A. , Hermans , D. , Raes , F. and Eelen , P. 2003 . Autobiographical memory specificity and trauma in inpatient adolescents . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 32 ( 1 ) : 22 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Della Sala , S. , Laiacona , M. , Spinnler , H. and Trivelli , C. 1993 . Autobiographical recollection and frontal damage . Neuropsychologia , 31 ( 8 ) : 823 – 839 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickson , J. M. and Bates , G. W. 2006 . Autobiographical memories and views of the future: In relation to dysphoria . International Journal of Psychology , 41 ( 2 ) : 107 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson , C. , Lam , D. and Matthews , A. 2007 . Rumination and attention in major depression . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45 : 2664 – 2478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets , W. C. , Price , J. L. , Simpson , J. R. J. , Todd , R. D. , Reich , T. Vannier , M. 1997 . Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders . Nature , 286 : 824 – 827 .
   Google Scholar
• Drevets , W. C. , Thase , M. E. , Moses-Kolko , E. L. , Price , J. , Frank , E. Kupfer , D. J. 2007 . Serotonin-1A receptor imaging in recurrent depression: Replication and literature review . Nuclear Medicine and Biology , 34 ( 7 ) : 865 – 877 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drummond , L. E. , Dritschel , B. , Astell , A. , O'Carroll , R. E. and Dalgleish , T. 2006 . Effects of age, dysphoria, and emotion-focusing on autobiographical memory specificity in children . Cognition and Emotion , 20 ( 3–4 ) : 488 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellwart , T. , Rinck , M. and Becker , E. S. 2003 . Selective memory and memory deficits in depressed inpatients . Depression and Anxiety , 17 ( 4 ) : 197 – 206 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eslinger , P. J. 1998 . Autobiographical memory after temporal lobe lesions . Neurocase , 4 ( 6 ) : 481 – 495 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foland , L. , Altshuler , L. L. , Sugar , C. A. , Lee , A. D. , Leow , A. D. Townsend , J. 2008 . Increased amygdala and hippocampus in bipolar patients treated with lithium . Neuroreport , 19 ( 22 ) : 221 – 224 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fraser , L. M. , O'Carroll , R. E. and Ebmeier , K. P. 2008 . The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on autobiographical memory: A systematic review . Journal of ECT , 24 ( 1 ) : 10 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , C. P. L. and Kendell , R. E. 1980 . ECT: I. Patients' experiences and attitudes . British Journal of Psychiatry , 137 : 8 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromholt , P. , Larsen , P. and Larsen , S. F. 1995 . Effects of late-onset depression and recovery on autobiographical memory . Journals of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 50 ( 2 ) : P74 – P81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromholt , P. , Mortensen , D. B. , Torpdahl , P. , Bender , L. , Larsen , P. and Rubin , D. C. 2003 . Life-narrative and word-cued autobiographical memories in centenarians: Comparisons with 80-year-old control, depressed and dementia groups . Memory , 11 ( 1 ) : 81 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallassi , R. , Di Sarro , R. , Morreale , A. and Amore , M. 2006 . Memory impairment in patients with late-onset major depression: The effect of antidepressant therapy . Journal of Affective Disorders , 91 ( 2–3 ) : 243 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner , J. M. and Java , R. I. 1991 . Forgetting in recognition memory with and without recollective experience . Memory and Cognition , 19 ( 6 ) : 617 – 623 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs , B. R. and Rude , S. S. 2004 . Overgeneral autobiographical memory as depression vulnerability . Cognitive Therapy & Research , 28 ( 4 ) : 511 – 526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gidron , Y. and Alon , S. 2007 . Autobiographical memory and depression in the later age: The bump is a turning point . Aging and Human Development , 64 ( 1 ) : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddard , L. , Dritschel , B. and Burton , A. 1996 . Role of autobiographical memory in social problem solving and depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 105 ( 4 ) : 609 – 616 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamann , S. 2001 . Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 5 ( 9 ) : 394 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassabis , D. , Kumaran , D. and Maguire , E. A. 2007 . Using imagination to understand the neural basis of episodic memory . The Journal of Neuroscience , 27 ( 52 ) : 14365 – 14374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidenreich , T. , Junghanns-Royack , K. and Stangier , U. 2007 . Specificity of autobiographical memory in social phobia and major depression . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 46 ( 1 ) : 19 – 33 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henderson , D. , Hargreaves , I. , Gregory , S. and Williams , J. M. G. 2002 . Autobiographical memory and emotion in a non-clinical sample of women with and without a reported history of childhood sexual abuse . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 41 : 129 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermans , D. , Van den Broeck , K. , Belis , G. , Raes , F. , Pieters , G. and Eelen , P. 2004 . Trauma and autobiographical memory specificity in depressed inpatients . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 42 ( 7 ) : 775 – 789 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermans , D. , Vandromme , H. , Debeer , E. , Raes , F. , Demyttenaere , K. Brunfaut , E. 2008 . Overgeneral autobiographical memory predicts diagnostic status in depression . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 46 ( 5 ) : 668 – 677 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , R. J. and Greenhoot , A. F. 2005 . The relations among abuse, depression and adolescents' autobiographical memory . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 34 ( 2 ) : 235 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , W. M. , Macrae , C. N. , Wyland , C. L. , Caglar , S. , Inati , S. and Heatherton , T. F. 2002 . Finding the self? An event-related fMRI study . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 14 ( 5 ) : 785 – 794 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirwan , C. B. , Bayley , P. J. , Galván , V. V. and Squire , L. R. 2008 . Detailed recollection of remote autobiographical memory after damage to the medial temporal lobe . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 105 ( 7 ) : 2676 – 2680 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kopelman , M. D. 1991 . Frontal dysfunction and memory deficits in the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and Alzheimer-type dementia . Brain , 114 : 117 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman , M. D. and Kapur , N. 2001 . The loss of episodic memories in retrograde amnesia: Single-case and group studies . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences , 356 ( 1413 ) : 1409 – 1421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremers , I. , Spinhoven , P. , Van der Does , A. J. and van Dyck , R. 2006 . Autobiographical memory in depressed and nondepressed patients with borderline personality disorder after long-term psychotherapy . Cognition and Emotion , 20 ( 3/4 ) : 448 – 465 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuyken , W. and Brewin , C. R. 1995 . Autobiographical memory functioning in depression and reports of early abuse . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 104 ( 4 ) : 585 – 591 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyken , W. and Dalgleish , T. 1995 . Autobiographical memory and depression . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 34 ( 1 ) : 89 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyken , W. and Howell , H. 2000 . Facets of autobiographical memory in adolescents with major depressive disorder and never-depressed controls . Cognition and Emotion , 20 : 466 – 487 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuyken , W. , Howell , R. and Dalgleish , T. 2006 . Overgeneral autobiographical memory in depressed adolescents with, versus without, a reported history of trauma . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 115 ( 3 ) : 387 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyken , W. and Moulds , M. 2009 . Remembering as an observer: How is autobiographical memory retrieval vantage perspective linked to depression . Memory , 17 ( 6 ) : 624 – 634 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacerda , A. L. , Keshavan , M. S. , Hardan , A. Y. , Yorbik , O. , Brambilla , P. Sassi , R. B. 2004 . Anatomic evaluation of the orbitofrontal cortex in major depressive disorder . Biological Psychiatry , 55 ( 4 ) : 353 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemogne , C. , Bergouignan , L. , Boni , C. , Gorwood , P. , Pelissolo , A. and Fossati , P. 2009 . Genetics and personality affect visual perspective in autobiographical memory . Consciousness and Cognition , 18 : 823 – 830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemogne , C. , Piolino , P. , Friszer , S. , Claret , A. , Girault , N. Jouvent , R. 2006 . Episodic autobiographical memory in depression: Specificity, autonoetic consciousness, and self-perspective . Consciousness and Cognition , 15 ( 2 ) : 258 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , B. , Svoboda , E. , Hay , J. , Winocur , G. and Moscovitch , M. 2002 . Aging and autobiographical memory: Dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval . Psychology and Aging , 17 : 677 – 689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , B. , Turner , G. R. , Tisserand , D. J. , Hevenor , S. J. , Graham , S. J. and McIntosh , A. R. 2004 . The functional neuroanatomy of episodic and semantic autobiographical remembering: A prospective functional fMRI study . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 16 ( 9 ) : 1633 – 1646 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinger , H. F. , Pachinger , M. M. , Leibetseder , M. M. and Fartacek , R. R. 2000 . Autobiographical memories in women remitted from major depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 ( 2 ) : 331 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinger , H. F. and Svaldi , J. J. 2004 . Autobiographical memory predicts cognitive but not somatic change in sleep apnea patients vulnerable for affective disorder . Journal of Affective Disorders , 81 ( 1 ) : 17 – 22 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacQueen , G. M. , Galway , T. M. , Hay , J. , Young , L. T. and Joffe , R. T. 2002 . Recollection memory deficits in patients with major depressive disorder predicted by past depressions but not current mood state or treatment status . Psychological Medicine , 32 ( 2 ) : 251 – 258 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mäntylä , T. 1993 . Knowing but not remembering: Adult age differences in recollective experience . Memory and Cognition , 21 ( 3 ) : 379 – 388 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markowitsch , H. J. , Vandekerckhove , M. M. , Lanfermann , H. and Russ , M. O. 2003 . Engagement of lateral and medial prefrontal areas in the ecphory of sad and happy autobiographical memories . Cortex , 39 ( 4–5 ) : 643 – 665 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg , H. S. 2003 . Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: Towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimised treatment . British Medical Bulletin , 65 : 193 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg , H. S. , Brannan , S. K. , Mahurin , R. K. , Jerabek , P. A. , Brickman , J. S. Tekell , J. L. 1997 . Cingulate function in depression: A potential predictor of treatment response . Neuroreport , 8 ( 4 ) : 1057 – 1061 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg , H. S. , Lewis , P. J. , Regenold , W. and Wagner , H. N. Jr. 1994 . Paralimbic hypoperfusion in unipolar depression . Journal of Nuclear Medicine , 35 ( 6 ) : 929 – 934 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg , H. S. , Liotti , M. , Brannan , S. K. , McGinnis , S. , Mahurin , R. K. Jerabek , P. A. 1999 . Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: Converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness . American Journal of Psychiatry , 156 ( 5 ) : 675 – 682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride , C. , Segal , Z. , Kennedy , S. and Gemar , M. 2007 . Changes in autobiographical memory specificity following cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for major depression . Psychopathology , 40 : 147 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElhiney , M. C. , Moody , B. J. , Steif , B. L. , Prudic , J. , Devanand , D. P. , Nobler , M. S. and Sackeim , H. A. 1995 . Autobiographical memory and mood: Effects of electroconvulsive therapy . Neuropsychology , 9 ( 4 ) : 501 – 517 .
   Google Scholar
• McKinnon , M. C. , Black , S. E. , Miller , B. , Moscovitch , M. and Levine , B. 2006 . Autobiographical memory in semantic dementia: Implication for theories of limbic-neocortical interaction in remote memory . Neuropsychologia , 44 ( 12 ) : 2421 – 2429 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinnon , M. C. , Nica , E. I. , Sengdy , P. , Kovacevic , N. , Moscovitch , M. Freedman , M. 2008 . Autobiographical memory and patterns of brain atrophy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 20 ( 10 ) : 1839 – 1853 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKinnon , M. C. , Svoboda , E. and Levine , B. 2007 . “ Frontal lobe contributions to autobiographical memory ” . In The human frontal lobes , 2nd , Edited by: Miller , B. L. and Cummings , J. 227 – 248 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• McKinnon , M. C. , Yucel , K. , Nazarov , A. and MacQueen , G. M. 2009 . A meta-analysis examining clinical predictors of hippocampal volume in patients with major depressive disorder . Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , 34 ( 1 ) : 41 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally , R. J. , Lasko , N. B. , Macklin , M. L. and Pitman , R. K. 1995 . Autobiographical memory disturbance in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 33 ( 6 ) : 619 – 630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally , R. J. , Litz , B. T. , Prassas , A. , Shin , L. M. and Weathers , F. W. 1994 . Emotional priming of autobiographical memory in post-traumatic stress disorder . Cognition & Emotion , 8 ( 4 ) : 351 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meesters , C. , Merckelbach , H. , Tisserand , D. , van den Hoorn , M. and Huygens , K. 1998 . Trauma and autobiographical memory in adolescents . Kind en Adolescent , 19 ( 2 ) : 274 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Moradi , A. R. , Herlihy , J. , Yasseri , G. , Shahraray , M. , Turner , S. and Dalgleish , T. 2008 . Specificity of episodic and semantic aspects of autobiographical memory in relation to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) . Acta Psychologica (Amsterdam) , 127 ( 3 ) : 645 – 653 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandrino , J. L. , Pezard , L. , Posté , A. , Réveillère , C. and Beaune , D. 2002 . Autobiographical memory in major depression: A comparison between first-episode and recurrent patients . Psychopathology , 35 ( 6 ) : 335 – 340 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nigro , G. and Neisser , U. 1983 . Point of view in personal memories . Cognitive Psychology , 11 : 107 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , D. A. and Bobrow , D. G. 1979 . Descriptions: An intermediate stage in memory retrieval . Cognitive Psychology , 11 : 107 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochsner , K. N. , Bunge , S. A. , Gross , J. J. and Gabrieli , J. D. E. 2002 . Rethinking feelings: An fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 14 ( 8 ) : 1215 – 1229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbach , Y. , Lamb , M. E. , Sternberg , K. J. , Williams , J. M. G. and Dawud-Noursi , S. 2001 . The effect of being a victim or witness of family violence on the retrieval of autobiographical memories . Child Abuse and Neglect , 25 ( 11 ) : 1427 – 1437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , R. J. , Goodyer , I. M. and Teasdale , J. D. 2002 . Categoric overgeneral autobiographical memory in adolescents with major depressive disorder . Psychological Medicine , 32 : 267 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , R. J. , Goodyer , I. M. and Teasdale , J. D. 2004 . Effects of induced rumination and distraction on mood and overgeneral autobiographical memory in adolescents with major depressive disorder and controls . Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry , 45 ( 5 ) : 996 – 1006 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , R. J. , Goodyer , I. M. and Teasdale , J. D. 2005 . Self-devaluative dysphoric experience and the prediction of persistent first-episode major depressive disorder in adolescents . Psychological Medicine , 35 : 539 – 548 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkin , A. J. and Walter , B. M. 1992 . Recollective experience, normal aging, and frontal dysfunction . Psychology & Aging , 7 : 290 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters , F. , Wessel , I. , Merckelbach , H. and Boon-Vermeeren , M. 2002 . Autobiographical memory specificity and the course of major depressive disorder . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 43 ( 5 ) : 344 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettnati , H. M. and Rosenberg , J. 1984 . Memory self-ratings before and after electroconvulsive therapy: Depression-versus ECT induced . Biological Psychiatry , 19 ( 4 ) : 539 – 548 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piefke , M. , Weiss , P. H. , Zilles , K. , Markowitsch , H. J. and Fink , G. R. 2003 . Differential remoteness and emotional tone modulate the neural correlates of autobiographical memory . Brain , 126 ( 3 ) : 650 – 668 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piolino , P. , Belliard , S. , Desgranges , B. , Perron , M. and Eustace , F. 2003 . Autobiographical memory and autonoetic consciousness in a case of semantic dementia . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 20 : 619 – 639 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piolino , P. , Coste , C. , Martinelli , P. , Mace , A. L. , Quinette , P. Guillery-Girard , B. 2010 . Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory and aging: Do the executive and feature binding functions of working memory have a role? . Neuropsychologia , 48 ( 2 ) : 429 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piolino , P. , Desgranges , B. , Benali , K. and Eustache , F. 2002 . Episodic and semantic remote autobiographical memory in ageing . Memory , 10 ( 4 ) : 239 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piolino , P. , Desgranges , B. and Eustache , F. 2009 . Episodic autobiographical memories over the course of time: Cognitive, neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings . Neuropsychologia , 47 : 2314 – 2329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzagalli , D. A. , Peccoralo , L. A. , Davidson , R. J. and Cohen , J. D. 2006 . Resting anterior cingulate activity and abnormal responses to errors in subjects with elevated depressive symptoms: A 128-channel EEG study . Human Brain Mapping , 27 ( 3 ) : 185 – 201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , R. , Heenan , H. and Reeves , J. 2008 . Early effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cognitive function . Journal of Electroconvulsive Therapy , 24 ( 1 ) : 35 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Prudic , J. , Peyser , S. and Sackeim , H. A. 2000 . Subjective memory complaints: A review of patient self-assessment of memory after electroconvulsive therapy . The Journal of ECT , 16 ( 2 ) : 121 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raes , F. , Hermans , D. , Williams , J. M. G. , Demyttenaere , K. , Sabbe , B. , Pieters , G. and Eelen , P. 2006a . Is overgeneral autobiographical memory an isolated memory phenomenon in major depression? . Memory , 14 ( 5 ) : 584 – 594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raes , F. , Hermans , D. , Williams , J. M. G. , Beyers , W. , Brunfaut , E. and Eelen , P. 2006b . Reduced autobiographical memory specificity and rumination in predicting the course of depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 115 ( 4 ) : 699 – 704 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raes , F. , Hermans , D. , Williams , J. M. G. , Demyttenaere , K. , Sabbe , B. Pieters , G. 2005 . Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory: A mediator between rumination and ineffective social problem-solving in major depression? . Journal of Affective Disorders , 87 ( 2–3 ) : 331 – 335 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raes , F. , Williams , J. M. G. and Hermans , D. 2008 . Reducing cognitive vulnerability to depression: A preliminary investigation of MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) in inpatients with depressive symptomatology . Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,40, 24–38. ,
   Google Scholar
• Ramponi , C. , Barnard , P. J. and Nimmo-Smith , I. 2004 . Recollection deficits in dysphoric mood: An effect of schematic models and executive mode? . Memory , 12 ( 5 ) : 655 – 670 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regenold , W. , Phatak , P. , Marano , C. , Gearhart , L. , Viens , C. and Hisley , K. 2007 . Myelin staining of deep white matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar major depression . Psychiatry Research , 151 ( 3 ) : 179 – 188 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reppermund , S. , Ising , M. , Lucae , S. and Zihl , J. 2008 . Cognitive impairment in unipolar depression is persistent and non-specific: Further evidence for the final common pathway disorder hypothesis . Psychological Medicine , 30 : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Riggs , E. , Carr , A. , Bogue , J. and Dooley , B. 2005 . Reductions in specific first memories in depression: Influences of distraction, referential set and cue word valence on first memory retrieval . The Irish Journal of Psychology , 26 ( 3–4 ) : 177 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Rinck , M. and Becker , E. S. 2005 . A comparison of attentional biases and memory biases in women with social phobia and major depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 114 ( 1 ) : 62 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , J.-A. 1976 . Sampling autobiographical memory . Cognitive Psychology , 8 ( 4 ) : 578 – 595 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum , R. S. , McKinnon , M. C. , Levine , B. and Moscovitch , M. 2004 . Visual imagery deficits, impaired strategic retrieval, or memory loss: Disentangling the nature of an amnesic person's autobiographical memory deficit . Neuropsychologia , 42 ( 12 ) : 1619 – 1635 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rottenberg , J. , Hildner , J. C. and Gotlib , I. H. 2006 . Idiographic autobiographical memories in major depressive disorder . Cognition and Emotion , 20 ( 1 ) : 114 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rottenberg , J. , Joormann , J. , Brozovich , F. and Gotlib , I. H. 2005 . Emotional intensity of idiographic sad memories in depression predicts symptom levels 1 year later . Emotion , 5 ( 2 ) : 238 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , D. C. , Feldman , M. E. and Beckham , J. C. 2004 . Reliving, emotions, and fragmentation in the autobiographical memories of veterans diagnosed with PTSD . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 18 ( 1 ) : 17 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , D. C. and Greenberg , D. L. 1998 . Visual memory-deficit amnesia: A distinct amnesic presentation and etiology . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 95 ( 9 ) : 5413 – 5416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , D. C. , Schrauf , R. W. and Greenberg , D. L. 2003 . Belief and recollection of autobiographical memories . Memory and Cognition , 31 : 887 – 901 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , D. C. and Schulkind , M. D. 1997 . The distribution of autobiographical memories across the lifespan . Memory and Cognition , 25 ( 6 ) : 859 – 866 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer , A. and Philippot , P. 2005 . Selective effects of emotion on the phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories . Memory , 13 ( 2 ) : 148 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schooler , J. W. and Eich , E. 2000 . “ Memory for emotional events ” . In The Oxford handbook of memory , Edited by: Tulving , E. and Craik , F. I. M. 379 – 392 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schroots , J. J. , van Dijkum , C. and Assink , M. H. 2004 . Autobiographical memory from a life span perspective . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 58 ( 1 ) : 69 – 85 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott , J. , Williams , J. M. G. , Brittlebank , A. and Ferrier , I. N. 1995 . The relationship between premorbid neuroticism, cognitive dysfunction and persistence of depression: A 1-year follow-up . Journal of Affective Disorders , 33 ( 3 ) : 167 – 172 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Serrano , J. P. , Latorre , J. M. , Gatz , M. and Montanes , J. 2004 . Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology . Psychology and Aging , 19 ( 2 ) : 270 – 277 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spinhoven , P. , Bockting , C. L. , Kremers , I. , Schene , A. H. and Williams , J. M. G. 2007 . The endorsement of dysfunctional attitudes is associated with an impaired retrieval of specific autobiographical memories in response to matching cues . Memory , 15 ( 3 ) : 324 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinhoven , P. , Bockting , C. L. , Schene , A. H. , Koeter , M. W. , Wekking , E. M. and Williams , J. M. G. 2006 . Autobiographical memory in the euthymic phase of recurrent depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 115 ( 3 ) : 590 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire , L. R. and Chace , P. M. 1975 . Memory functions six to nine months after electroconvulsive therapy . Archives of General Psychiatry , 32 : 1557 – 1564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire , L. R. and Slater , P. C. 1983 . Electroconvulsive therapy and complaints of memory dysfunction: A prospective three-year follow-up study . British Journal of Psychiatry , 142 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire , L. R. , Wetzel , C. D. and Slater , P. C. 1979 . Memory complaint after electroconvulsive therapy: Assessment with a new self-rating instrument . Biological Psychiatry , 14 ( 5 ) : 791 – 801 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinvorth , S. , Levine , B. and Corkin , S. 2005 . Medial temporal lobe structures are needed to re-experience remote autobiographical memories: Evidence from H.M. and W.R . Neuropsychologia , 43 ( 4 ) : 479 – 496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St. Jacques , P. L. and Levine , B. 2007 . Ageing and autobiographical memory for emotional and neutral events . Memory , 15 ( 2 ) : 129 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. and Levine , B. 2002 . Adult clinical neuropsychology: Lessons from studies of the frontal lobes . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 : 401 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland , K. and Bryant , R. A. 2007 . Rumination and overgeneral autobiographical memory . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45 ( 10 ) : 2407 – 2416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutin , A. R. and Robins , R. W. 2008 . When the “I” looks at the “Me”: Autobiographical memory, visual perspective, and the self . Consciousness and Cognition , 17 ( 4 ) : 1386 – 1397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svoboda , E. , McKinnon , M. C. and Levine , B. 2006 . The functional neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory: A meta-analysis . Neuropsychologia , 44 ( 12 ) : 2189 – 2208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanis , K. Q. , Newton , S. S. and Duman , R. S. 2007 . Targeting neurotrophic/growth factor expression and signaling for antidepressant drug development . CNS and Neurological Disorders–Drug Targets , 6 ( 2 ) : 151 – 160 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tulving , E. 1972 . “ Episodic and semantic memory ” . In Organization of memory , Edited by: Tulving , E. and Donaldson , W. 382 – 403 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tulving , E. 1985a . How many memory systems are there? . American Psychologist , 40 : 385 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving , E. 1985b . Memory and consciousness . Canadian Psychology , 26 : 1 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving , E. 2001 . Episodic memory and common sense: How far apart? . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences , 356 ( 1413 ) : 1505 – 1515 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving , E. 2002 . Episodic memory: From mind to brain . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 : 1 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzemou , E. and Birchwood , M. 2007 . A prospective study of dysfunctional thinking and the regulation of negative intrusive memories in bipolar 1 disorder: Implications for affect regulation theory . Psychological Medicine , 37 ( 5 ) : 689 – 698 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valentino , K. , Toth , S. L. and Cicchetti , D. 2009 . Autobiographical memory functioning among abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children: The overgeneral memory effect . The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 50 ( 8 ) : 1029 – 1038 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Minnen , A. , Wessel , I. , Verhaak , C. and Smeenk , J. 2005 . The relationship between autobiographical memory specificity and depressed mood following a stressful life event: A prospective study . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 44 ( 3 ) : 405 – 415 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Vreeswijk , M. F. and de Wilde , E. J. 2004 . Autobiographical memory specificity, psychopathology, depressed mood and the use of the Autobiographical Memory Test: a meta-analysis . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 42 : 731 – 743 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollm , B. A. , Taylor , A. N. W. , Richardson , P. , Corcoran , R. , Stirling , J. McKie , S. 2006 . Neuronal correlates of theory of mind and empathy: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a nonverbal task . NeuroImage , 29 : 90 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrielynck , N. , Deplus , S. and Philippot , P. 2007 . Overgeneral autobiographical memory and depressive disorder in children . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 36 ( 1 ) : 95 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren , Z. and Haslam , C. 2007 . Overgeneral memory for public and autobiographical events in depression and schizophrenia . Cognitive Neuropsychiatry , 12 ( 4 ) : 301 – 321 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watkins , E. and Teasdale , J. D. 2001 . Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression: Effects of self-focus and analytic thinking . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 110 ( 2 ) : 353 – 357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , E. and Teasdale , J. D. 2004 . Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus in depression . Journal of Affective Disorders , 82 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , E. , Teasdale , J. D. and Williams , R. M. 2000 . Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression . Psychological Medicine , 30 ( 4 ) : 911 – 920 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner , R. D. , Rogers , H. J. , Davidson , J. R. and Squire , L. R. 1986 . Effects of stimulus parameters on cognitive side effects . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 46 : 315 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Wessel , I. , Meeren , M. , Peeters , F. , Arntz , A. and Merckelbach , H. 2001 . Correlates of autobiographical memory specificity: The role of depression, anxiety and childhood trauma . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 39 ( 4 ) : 409 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler , M. A. , Stuss , D. T. and Tulving , E. 1997 . Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness . Psychological Bulletin , 121 : 331 – 354 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. G. 1996 . “ Depression and the specificity of autobiographical memory ” . In Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory , Edited by: Rubin , D. C. 244 – 267 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. G. and Broadbent , K. 1986 . Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 95 ( 2 ) : 144 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. G. and Scott , J. 1988 . Autobiographical memory in depression . Psychological Medicine , 18 ( 3 ) : 689 – 695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. G. , Teasdale , J. D. , Segal , Z. V. and Soulsby , J. 2000 . Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces overgeneral autobiographical memory in formerly depressed patients . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 1 : 150 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Yucel , K. , McKinnon , M. C. , Chahal , R. , Taylor , V. H. , Macdonald , K. Joffe , R. 2008a . Anterior cingulate volumes in never-treated patients with major depressive disorder . Neuropsychopharmacology , 33 ( 13 ) : 3157 – 3163 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yucel , K. , Taylor , V. H. , McKinnon , M. C. , Macdonald , K. , Alda , M. Young , L. T. 2008b . Bilateral hippocampal volume increase in patients with bipolar disorder and short-term lithium treatment . Neuropsychopharmacology , 33 ( 2 ) : 361 – 367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar