The influence of validity criteria on Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) test–retest reliability among high school athletes

References

• Alsalaheen, B., Stockdale, K., Pechumer, D., & Broglio, S. P. (2015). Measurement error in the Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT): Systematic review. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, B. J., & Gfeller, J. D. (2011). The immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing battery and traditional neuropsychological measures: A construct and concurrent validity study. Brain Injury, 25, 179–191. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.541897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, R. M., Iverson, G. L., Cernich, A. N., Binder, L. M., Ruff, R. M., & Naugle, R. I. (2012). Computerized neuropsychological assessment devices: Joint position paper of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology and the National Academy of Neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(3), 362–373. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brett, B. L., Smyke, N., Solomon, G. S., Baughman, B. C., & Schatz, P. (2016). Long-term stability and reliability of baseline cognitive assessments in high school athletes using ImPACT at 1, 2, and 3-year test-retest intervals. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1093/arclin/acw055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broglio, S. P., Ferrara, M. S., Macciocchi, S. N., Baumgartner, T. A., & Elliot, R. (2007). Test-retest reliability of computerized concussion assessment programs. Journal of Athletic Training, 42, 509–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, J., Echemendia, R., Meeuwisse, W., Comper, P., & Sisco, A. (2014). 1 year test-retest reliability of ImPACT in professional ice hockey players. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28, 14–25. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.866272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, J., Echemendia, R., Tangeman, L., Meeuwisse, W., Comper, P., Hutchison, M., & Aubry, M. (2016). Two baselines are better than one: Improving the reliability of computerized testing in sports neuropsychology. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 1–7. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1080/23279095.2015.1064002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calamia, M., Markon, K., & Tranel, D. (2012). Scoring higher the second time around: Meta-analyses of practice effects in neuropsychological assessment. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 26, 543–570. doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.680913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6, 284–290. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284
   Google Scholar
• Cole, W. R., Arrieux, J. P., Schwab, K., Ivins, B. J., Qashu, F. M., & Lewis, S. C. (2013). Test-retest reliability of four computerized neurocognitive assessment tools in an active duty military population. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 732–742. doi:10.1093/arclin/act040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covassin, T., Elbin, R. J., & Stiller-Ostrowski, J. L. (2009). Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) practices of sports medicine professionals. Journal of Athletic Training, 40, 639–644. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff, K. (2012). Evidence-based indicators of neuropsychological change in the individual patient: Relevant concepts and methods. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 248–261. doi:10.1093/arclin/acr120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbin, R. J., Schatz, P., & Covassin, T. (2011). One-year test-retest reliability of the online version of ImPACT in high school athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 2319–2324. doi:10.1177/0363546511417173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). (2012). Immediate post-concussion assessment testing (ImPACT) test: Technical manual. Retrieved from https://www.impacttest.com/pdf/ImPACTTechnicalManual.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Isbell, E., Fukuda, K., Neville, H. J., & Vogel, E. K. (2015). Visual working memory contrinues to develop through adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 696. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson, G. L., Franzen, M., Lovell, M. R., & Collins, M. W. (2004). Construct validity of computerized neuropsychological screening in athletes with concussion. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 961–962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson, G. L., Lovell, M. R., & Collins, M. W. (2003). Interpreting change in ImPACT following sport concussion. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 460–467. doi:10.1076/clin.17.4.460.27934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar Sharma, V., Kumar Subramian, S., Vinayathan, A., Sarah, R., Balasubramaniam, S. R., & Velkumary, S. (2014). Effect of age and gander related differences on common paper and penchil neurocognitive tests in adolescents. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 8, BC05–BC10.
   Google Scholar
• Lovell, M. R. (2007). ImPACT version 6.0 clinical user’s manual. Retrieved from http://www.impacttest.com/
   Google Scholar
• Maerlender, A., Flashman, L., Kessler, A., Kumbhani, S., Greenwald, R., Tosteson, T., & McAllister, T. (2010). Examination of the construct validity of ImPACT computerized test, traditional, and experimental neuropsychological measures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24, 1309–1325. doi:10.1080/13854046.2010.516072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maerlender, A., & Molfese, D. L. (2015). Repeat baseline assessment in college-age athletes. Developmental Neuropsychology, 40, 69–73. doi:10.1080/87565641.2015.1014089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maril, A., Davis, P. E., Koo, J. J., Reggev, N., Zuckerman, M., Ehrenfeld, L., … Rivkin, M. J. (2010). Developmental fMRI study of episodic verbal memory encoding in children. Neurology, 75, 2110–2116. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318201526e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrory, P., Collie, A., Anderson, G., & Davis, G. (2004). Can we manage sport related concussion in children the same as adults? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38, 516–519. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.014811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McSweeny, A. J., Naugle, R., Chelune, G. J., Gordon, J., & Lüders, H. (1993). “T scores for change”: An illustration of a regression approach to depicting change in clinical neuropsychology. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 300–312. doi:10.1080/13854049308401901
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. R., Adamson, G. J., Pink, M. M., & Sweet, J. C. (2007). Comparison of preseason, midseason, and postseason neurocognitive scores in uninjured collegiate football players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 1284–1288. doi:10.1177/0363546507300261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser, R. S., Schatz, P., Neidzwski, K., & Ott, S. D. (2011). Group versus individual administration affects baseline neurocognitive test performance. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 2325–2330. doi:10.1177/0363546511417114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama, Y., Covassin, T., Schatz, P., Nogle, S., & Kovan, J. (2014). Examination of the test-retest reliability of a computerized neurocognitive test battery. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42, 2000–2005. doi:10.1177/0363546514535901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, L. D., Pfaller, A. Y., Rein, L. E., & McCrea, M. A. (2015). Rates and predictors of invalid baseline test performance in high school an collegiate atheltes for 3 computerized neurocognitive tests: ANA, Axon Sports, and ImPACT. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 43, 2018–1026. doi:10.1177/0363546515587714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Register-Mihalik, J. K., Kontos, D. L., Guskiewicz, K. M., Mihalik, J. P., Conder, R., & Shields, E. W. (2012). Age-related differences and reliability on computerized and paper-and-pencil neurocognitive assessment batteries. Journal of Athletic Training, 47, 297–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resch, J., Driscoll, A., McCaffrey, N., Brown, C., Ferrara, M. S., Macciocchi, S., … Walpert, K. (2013). ImPACT test–retest reliability: Reliably unreliable? Journal of Athletic Training, 48, 506–511. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P. (2010). Long-term test-retest reliability of baseline cognitive assessments using ImPACT. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38, 47–53. doi:10.1177/0363546509343805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P., & Ferris, C. S. (2013). One-month test-retest reliability of the ImPACT test battery. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 499–504. doi:10.1093/arclin/act034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P., & Glatts, C. (2013). “Sandbagging” baseline test performance on ImPACT. Without detection, is more difficult than it appears. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 236–244. doi:10.1093/arclin/act009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P., Kelley, T., Ott, S. D., Solomon, G. S., Elbin, R. J., Higgins, K., & Moser, R. S. (2014). Utility of repeated assessment after invalid baseline neurocognitive test performance. Journal of Athletic Training, 49, 659–664. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P., & Maerlender, A. (2013). A two-factor theory for concussion assessment using ImPACT: Memory and speed. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 791–797. doi:10.1093/arclin/act077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P., Moser, R. C., Solomon, G. S., Ott, S. D., & Karpf, R. (2012). Prevalence of invalid computerized baseline neurocognitive test results in high school and collegiate athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 47, 289–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P., Pardini, J. E., Lovell, M. R., Collins, M. W., & Podell, K. (2006). Sensitivity and specificity of the ImPACT test battery for concussion in athletes. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 91–99. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2005.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz, P., & Sandel, N. (2013). Sensitivity and specificity of the online version of ImPACT in high school and collegiate athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 41, 321–326. doi:10.1177/0363546512466038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenider, W., Knopf, M., & Stefanek, J. (2002). The development of verbal memory in childhood and adolescence: Findings from Munich Longitudinal Study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 751–761. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.94.4.751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slick, D. (2006). Psychometrics in neuropsychological assessment. In E. Strauss, E. Sherman, & O. Spreen (Eds.), A compendium of neuropsychological tests (3rd ed., pp. 1–43). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tsushima, W. T., Siu, A. M., Pearce, A. M., Zhang, G., & Oshiro, R. S. (2016). Two-year test-retest reliability of ImPACT in high school athletes. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31, 105–111. doi:10.1093/arclin/acv066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Womble, M. N., Reynolds, E., Schatz, P., Shah, K. M., & Kontos, A. P. (2016). Test-retest reliability of computerized neurocognitive testing in youth ice hockey players. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31, 305–312. doi:10.1093/arclin/acw011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar