Effects of happy and sad facial expressions on the perception of time in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment

References

• Adolphs, R. (2002a). Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: Psychological and neurological mechanisms. Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences Review, 1(1), 21–62. doi:10.1177/1534582302001001003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adolphs, R. (2002b). Neural systems for recognizing emotion. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 12(2), 169–177. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00301-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angrilli, A., Cherubini, P., Pavese, A., & Manfredini, S. (1997). The influence of affective factors on time perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 59(6), 972–982. doi:10.3758/BF03205512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appollonio, I., Leone, M., Isella, V., Piamarta, F., Consoli, T., Villa, M. L., … Nichelli, P. (2005). The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB): Normative values in an Italian population sample. Neurological Sciences, 26(2), 108–116. doi:10.1007/s10072-005-0443-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assogna, F., Pontieri, F. E., Caltagirone, C., & Spalletta, G. (2008). The recognition of facial emotion expressions in Parkinson’s disease. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 18(11), 835–848. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaupré, M. G., Cheung, N., & Hess, U. (2000). The Montreal set of facial displays of emotion. Montreal: Department of Psychology, University of Quebec.
   Google Scholar
• Beaupré, M. G., & Hess, U. (2005). Cross-cultural emotion recognition among Canadian ethnic groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(3), 355–370. doi:10.1177/0022022104273656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4(6), 561–571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2013). Neuroscience of affect: Brain mechanisms of pleasure and displeasure. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 23(3), 294–303. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, R. A., Hancock, P. A., & Zakay, D. (2000). Sex differences in duration judgments: A meta-analytic review. Memory & Cognition, 28(8), 1333–1346. doi:10.3758/BF03211834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blonder, L. X., & Slevin, J. T. (2011). Emotional dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Behavioral Neurology, 24(3), 201–217. doi:10.3233/BEN-2011-0329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, C., Bedoin, N., Bogey, S., Michael, G. A., Poujois, A., Laurent, B., & Thomas-Antérion, C. (2012). Implicit and explicit emotional processing in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(3), 289–296. doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.639296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosboom, J. L. W., Stoffers, D., & Wolters, E. C. (2004). Cognitive dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neural Transmission, 111(10), 1303–1315. doi:10.1007/s00702-004-0168-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhusi, C. V., & Meck, W. H. (2002). Differential effects of methamphetamine and haloperidol on the control of an internal clock. Behavioral Neuroscience, 116(2), 291–297. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.116.2.291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhusi, C. V., & Meck, W. H. (2005). What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6(10), 755–765. doi:10.1038/nrn1764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caffarra, P., Vezzadini, G., Dieci, F., Zonato, F., & Venneri, A. (2002). Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: Normative values in an Italian population sample. Neurological Sciences, 22(6), 443–447. doi:10.1007/s100720200003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caffarra, P., Vezzadini, G., Zonato, F., Copelli, S., & Venneri, A. (2003). A normative study of a shorter version of Raven’s progressive matrices 1938. Neurological Sciences, 24(5), 336–339. doi:10.1007/s10072-003-0185-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caffarra, P., Vezzadini, G., Dieci, F., Zonato, F., & Venneri, A. (2004). Modified card sorting test: Normative data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26(2), 246–250. doi:10.1076/jcen.26.2.246.28087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlesimo, G. A., Caltagirone, C., Gainotti, G., Fadda, L., Gallassi, R., Lorusso, S., … Parnetti, L. (1996). The mental deterioration battery: Normative data, diagnostic reliability and qualitative analyses of cognitive impairment. European Neurology, 36(6), 378–384. doi:10.1159/000117297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambon, M., Droit-Volet, S., & Niedenthal, P. M. (2008). The effect of embodying the elderly on time perception. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 672–678. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.04.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles, S. T., Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003). Focusing on the positive: Age differences in memory for positive, negative, and neutral stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 85, 163–178.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, R. K., Tipples, J., Narayanan, N. S., & Meck, W. H. (2016). Clock speed as a window into dopaminergic control of emotion and time perception. Timing & Time Perception, 4(1), 99–122. doi:10.1163/22134468-00002064
   Google Scholar
• Clark, U. S., Neargarder, S., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2008). Specific impairments in the recognition of emotional facial expressions in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 46(9), 2300–2309. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Critchley, H., Daly, E., Phillips, M., Brammer, M., Bullmore, E., Williams, S., … Murphy, D. (2000). Explicit and implicit neural mechanisms for processing of social information from facial expressions: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Human Brain Mapping, 9, 93–105. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droit-Volet, S., & Gil, S. (2009). The time-emotion paradox. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1943–1953. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droit-Volet, S., & Meck, W. H. (2007). How emotions colour our perception of time. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(12), 504–513. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droit-Volet, S., Brunot, S., & Niedenthal, P. M. (2004). Perception of the duration of emotional events. Cognition & Emotion, 18(6), 849–858. doi:10.1080/02699930341000194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dujardin, K., Blairy, S., Defebvre, L., Duhem, S., Noël, Y., Hess, U., & Desté, A. (2004). Deficits in decoding emotional facial expressions in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 42(2), 239–250. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00154-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effron, D. A., Niedenthal, P. M., Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2006). Embodied temporal perception of emotion. Emotion, 6(1), 1–9. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahn, S., Elton, R. L., & The Members of the UPDRS Development Committee. (1987). The Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale. In S. Fahn, C. D. Marsden, D. B. Calne, & M. Goldstein (Eds.), Recent developments in Parkinson’s disease (Vol. 2, pp. 153–163). Florham Park, NJ: Macmillan Healthcare.
   Google Scholar
• Fayolle, S. L., & Droit-Volet, S. (2014). Time perception and dynamics of facial expressions of emotions. PLoS One, 9(5), e97944. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P. (1975). “Mini-Mental State”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbon, J., Church, R. M., & Meck, W. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. Annals of the New Academy of Sciences, 423(1), 52–77. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23417.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2011a). How do emotional facial expressions influence our perception of time? In S. Masmoundi, D. Yan Dai, & A. Naceur (Eds.), Attention, representation, and human performance: Integration of cognition, emotion and motivation (pp. 61–74). London: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2011b). “Time flies in the presence of angry faces”… depending on the temporal task used!. Acta Psychologica, 136, 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.12.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2012). Emotional time distortions: The fundamental role of arousal, cognition and emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 26(5), 847–862. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.625401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovagnoli, A. R., Del Pesce, M., Simoncelli, M., Laiacona, M., & Capitani, E. (1996). Trail making test: Normative values from 287 normal adult controls. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 17(4), 305–309. doi:10.1007/BF01997792
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldman, J., & Litvan, I. (2011). Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Minerva Medica, 102(6), 441–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1972). The assessment of aphasias and related disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, H. M., & Tickle-Degnen, L. (2010). A meta-analysis of performance on emotion recognition tasks in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology, 24(2), 176–191. doi:10.1037/a0018104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grondin, S. (2003). Sensory modalities and temporal processing. In H. Helfrich (Ed.), Time and mind II (pp. 61–77). Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber.
   Google Scholar
• Grondin, S. (2008). Methods for studying psychological time. In S. Grondin (Ed.), Psychology of time (pp. 51–74). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Grondin, S., Laflamme, V., Bienvenue, P., Labonté, K., & Roy, M. L. (2015). Sex effect in the temporal perception of faces expressing anger and shame. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 28(1), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Grondin, S., Meilleur-Wells, G., & Lachance, R. (1999). When to start explicit counting in time-intervals discrimination task: A critical point in the timing process of humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25(4), 993–1004. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.25.4.993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grondin, S., Laflamme, V., & Gontier, E. (2014). Effect on perceived duration and sensitivity to time when observing disgusted faces and disgusting mutilation pictures. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 76(6), 1522–1534. doi:10.3758/s13414-014-0682-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington, D. L., & Haaland, K. Y. (1999). Neural underpinnings of temporal processing: A review of focal lesion, pharmacological, and functional imaging research. Review in Neuroscience, 10, 91–116. doi:10.1515/REVNEURO.1999.10.2.91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankovic, J., & Tolosa, E. (Eds.). (2007). Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, C. R. G., & Jahanshahi, M. (2014). Motor and perceptual timing in Parkinson’s disease. In H. Merchant & V. de Lafuente (Eds.), Neurobiology of interval timing. Advances in experimental medicine and biology (pp. 265–290). New York: Springer Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Kan, Y., Kawamura, M., Hasegawa, Y., Mochizuki, S., & Nakamura, K. (2002). Recognition of emotion from facial, prosodic and written verbal stimuli in Parkinson’s disease. Cortex, 38(4), 623–630. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70026-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, G., Brusa, L., Olivieri, M., Stanzione, P., & Caltagirone, C. (2005). Memory for time intervals is impaired in left hemi-Parkinson patients. Neuropsychologia, 43(8), 1163–1167. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.11.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, G., Costa, A., Brusa, L., Peppe, A., Gatto, I., Torriero, S., … Caltagirone, C. (2008). Impaired reproduction of second but not millisecond time intervals in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1305–1313. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, A. D., Goerendt, I. K., & Brooks, D. J. (2007). Impaired recognition of facial expressions of anger in Parkinson’s disease patients acutely withdrawn from dopamine replacement therapy. Neuropsychologia, 45(1), 65–74. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. L., Seelam, K., & O’Brien, T. (2011). The relativity of time perception produced by facial emotion stimuli. Cognition & Emotion, 25(8), 1471–1480. doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.544455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, P. A., & Miall, R. C. (2003). Distinct systems for automatic and cognitively controlled time measurement: Evidence from neuroimaging. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13, 250–255. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(03)00036-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litvan, I., Goldman, J. G., Tröster, A. I., Schmand, B. A., Weintraub, D., Petersen, R. C., … Emre, M. (2012). Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Movement disorder society task force guidelines. Movement Disorders, 27(3), 349–356. doi:10.1002/mds.24893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luzzatti, C., Willmes, K., & De Bleser, R. (1991). AAT - Aachen Aphasia test (AAT) –Italian Version. Firenze: OS – Organizzazioni speciali.
   Google Scholar
• Malapani, C., Deweer, B., & Gibbon, J. (2002). Separating storage from retrieval dysfunction of temporal memory in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(2), 311–322. doi:10.1162/089892902317236920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malapani, C., Rakitin, B., Levy, R., Meck, W., Deweer, B., Dubois, B., & Gibbon, J. (1998). Coupled temporal memories in Parkinson’s disease: A dopamine-related dysfunction. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10(3), 316–331. doi:10.1162/089892998562762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maricq, A. V., & Church, R. M. (1983). The differential effects of haloperidol and methamphetamine on time estimation in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 79(1), 10–15. doi:10.1007/BF00433008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather, M., Canli, T., English, T., Whitfield, S., Wais, P., Ochsner, K., … Carstensen, L. L. (2004). Amygdala responses to emotionally valenced stimuli in older and younger adults. Psychological Science, 15(4), 259–263. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00662.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meck, W. H. (1983). Selective adjustment of the speed of internal clock and memory processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behaviour Processes, 9(2), 171–201. doi:10.1037/0097-7403.9.2.171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meck, W. H. (1996). Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception. Cognitive Brain Research, 3(3), 227–242. doi:10.1016/0926-6410(96)00009-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meck, W. H. (2005). Neuropsychology of timing and time perception. Brain and Cognition, 58(1), 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meck, W. H., & Benson, A. M. (2002). Dissecting the brain’s internal clock: How frontal–striatal circuitry keeps time and shifts attention. Brain and Cognition, 48(1), 195–211. doi:10.1006/brcg.2001.1313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meck, W. H., & Malapani, C. (2004). Neuroimaging of interval timing. Cognitive Brain Research, 21(2), 133–137. doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.07.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merchant, H., Luciana, M., Hooper, C., Majestic, S., & Tuite, P. (2008). Interval timing and Parkinson’s disease: Heterogeneity in temporal performance. Experimental Brain Research, 184(2), 233–248. doi:10.1007/s00221-007-1097-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mioni, G., Grondin, S., & Stablum, F. (2014). Temporal dysfunction in traumatic brain injury patients: Primary or secondary impairment? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 269. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mioni, G., Meligrana, L., Grondin, S., Perini, F., Bartolomei, L., & Stablum, F. (2015). Effects of emotional facial expression on time perception in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 22(9), 890–899. doi:10.1017/S1355617715000612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondini, S., Mapelli, D., Vestri, A., & Bisiacchi, P. S. (2011). Esame neuropsicologico breve. Una batteria di test per lo screening neuropsicologico. Milano: Cortina Raffaello.
   Google Scholar
• Mzrozek, D. K., & Kolarz, C. M. (1998). The effect of age on positive and negative affect: A developmental perspective on happiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(5), 1333–1349. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.5.1333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bedirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., … Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695–699. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicol, J. R., Tanner, J., & Clarke, K. (2013). Perceived duration of emotional events: Evidence for a positivity effect in older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 39(5), 565–578. doi:10.1080/0361073X.2013.839307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noulhiane, M., Mella, N., Samson, S., Ragot, R., & Pouthas, V. (2007). How emotional auditory stimuli modulate time perception. Emotion, 7(4), 697–704. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novelli, G., Papagno, C., Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., Cappa, S. F., & Vallar, G. (1986). Tre test clinici di ricerca e produzione lessicale. Taratura su soggetti normali. Archivio di Psicologia Neurologia Psichiatria, 47, 477–506.
   Google Scholar
• Osterrieth, P. A. (1944). Les tests de copie d’une figure complexe. Archives de Psicologies, 30, 206–356.
   Google Scholar
• Pagonabarraga, J., & Kulisevsky, J. (2012). Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiological Disorder, 46(3), 590–596. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perbal, S., Deweer, B., Pillon, B., Vidailhet, M., Dubois, B., & Pouthas, V. (2005). Effects of internal clock and memory disorders on duration reproductions and duration productions in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Brain and Cognition, 58(1), 35–48. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2005.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Péron, J., Dondaine, T., LeJeune, F., Grandjean, D., & Vérin, M. (2012). Emotional processing in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. Movement and Disorders, 27(2), 186–199. doi:10.1002/mds.24025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Péron, J., Biseul, I., Leray, E., Vicente, S., La Jeune, F., Drapier, S., … Vérin, M. (2010). Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects fear and sadness recognition in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology, 24(1), 1–8. doi:10.1037/a0017433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouthas, V., George, N., Poline, J. B., Pfeuty, M., VandeMoorteele, P. F., Hugueville, L., … Renault, B. (2005). Neural network involved in time perception: An fMRI study comparing long and short interval estimation. Human Brain Mapping, 25(4), 433–441. doi:10.1002/hbm.20126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, J., Russellc, J. A., & Peterson, J. S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Developmental Psychopathology, 17(3), 715–734. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rammsayer, T. H. (2008). Neuropharmacological approaches to human timing. In S. Grondin (Ed.), Psychology of time (pp. 295–320). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, S. M., Harrington, D. L., Haaland, K. Y., Bobholz, J. A., Cox, R. W., & Binder, J. R. (1997). Distributed neural systems underlying the timing of movements. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17(14), 5528–5535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, R. D., & Zald, D. H. (2012). Anatomical insights into the interaction of emotion and cognition in the prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(1), 479–501. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey, A. (1958). Mémorisation d’une série de 15 mots en 5 répétitions. In A. Rey (Ed.), L’examen Clinique en Psychologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, J. A., & Bullock, M. (1985). Multidimensional scaling of emotional facial expressions: Similarity from preschoolers to adults. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1290–1298. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.5.1290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawada, R., Sato, W., Kochiyama, T., Uono, S., Kubota, Y., Yoshimura, S., & Toichi, M. (2014). Sex differences in the rapid detection of emotional facial expressions. PLoS One, 9(4), e94747. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubotz, R. I., Friederici, A. D., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2000). Time perception and motor timing: A common cortical and subcortical basis revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage, 11(1), 1–12. doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. G., Harper, D. N., Gittings, D., & Abernethy, D. (2007). The effect of Parkinson’s disease on time estimation as a function of stimulus duration range and modality. Brain and Cognition, 64(2), 130–143. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotgiu, I., & Rusconi, M. L. (2013). Investigating emotions in Parkinson’s disease: What we know and what we still don’t know. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 336. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprengelmeyer, R., Young, A. W., Mahn, K., Schroeder, U., Woitalla, D., Buttner, T., … Przuntek, H. (2003). Facial expression recognition in people with medicated and unmedicated Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 41(8), 1047–1057. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00295-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tipples, J. (2008). Negative emotionality influences the effects of emotion on time perception. Emotion, 8(1), 127–131. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenbreth, C., Wattenberg, L., Heinze, H. J., & Zaehle, T. (2016). Implicit and explicit processing of emotional facial expressions in Parkinson’s disease. Behavioural Brain Research, 303, 182–190. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wearden, J. H., Wearden, A. J., & Rabbitt, P. M. A. (1997). Age and IQ effects on stimulus and response timing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23(4), 962–979. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.23.4.962
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wearden, J. H., Smith-Spark, J. H., Cousins, R., Edelstyn, N. M. J., Cody, F. W. J., & O’Boyle, D. J. (2008). Stimulus timing by people with Parkinson’s disease. Brain and Cognition, 67(3), 264–279. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, Y., & Kawabe, T. (2011). Emotion colors time perception unconsciously. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1835–1841. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.06.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yip, J. T., Lee, T., Ho, S. L., Tsang, K. L., & Li, L. S. (2003). Emotion recognition in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 18(10), 1115–1122. doi:10.1002/mds.10497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakay, D., & Block, R. A. (1995). An attentional gate model of prospective time estimation. In M. Richelle, V. D. Keyser, G. D. Ydeualle, & A. Vandierendonck (Eds.), Time and the dynamic control of behavior (pp. 167–178). Liege: University of Liege Press.
   Google Scholar