Longitudinal investigation of the role of cognitive reserve in the evolution of dementia in outpatients prescribed AChEI

References

• Ashida, S., & Schafer, E. J. (2018). Social networks, social relationships, and their effects on the aging mind and brain. In M. Rizzo, S. Anderson & B. Fritzsch(Eds.), The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain. doi:10.1002/9781118772034.ch2
   Google Scholar
• Baumgart, M., Snyder, H. M., Carrillo, M. C., Fazio, S., Kim, H., & Johns, H. (2015). Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: A population-based perspective. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11(6), 718–726. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, S. E., Doody, R., Li, H., McRae, T., Jambor, K. M., Xu, Y., & Richardson, S. (2007). Donepezil preserves cognition and global function in patients with severe Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 69(5), 459–469. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000266627.96040.5a
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullock, R., Erkinjuntti, T., & Lilienfeld, S., & GAL-INT-6 Study Group. (2004). Management of patients with Alzheimer’s disease plus cerebrovascular disease: 12-month treatment with galantamine. Dement GeriatrCognDisord, 17(1-2), 29–34. doi:10.1159/000074140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, S. T. (2016). Cognitive reserve and the prevention of dementia: The role of physical and cognitive activities. Currentpsychiatry Reports, 18(9), 85. doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0721-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences {Ind cd. Erihaum.
   Google Scholar
• Coin, A., Pamio, M. V., Alexopoulos, C., Granziera, S., Groppa, F., de Rosa, G., & Padrini, R. (2016). Donepezil plasma concentrations, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 phenotypes, and cognitive outcome in Alzheimer’s disease. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 72(6), 711–717. doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2033-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly, P. J., Prentice, N. P., & Fowler, K. G. (2005). Predicting the outcome of cholinesterase inhibitor treatment in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 76(3), 320–324. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.043539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, J. L. (2003). Use of cholinesterase inhibitors in clinical practice: Evidence- based recommendations. Focus, 11(2), 131–252. doi:10.1176/foc.2.2.239
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. M. (2005). Cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 105(3), 145–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erkinjuntti, T., Kurz, A., Gauthier, S., Bullock, R., Lilienfeld, S., & Damaraju, C. V. (2002). Efficacy of galantamine in probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease combined with cerebrovascular disease: A randomised trial. The Lancet, 359(9314), 1283–1290. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08267-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esiri, M. M., & Chance, S. A. (2012). Cognitive reserve, cortical plasticity and resistance to Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, 4(2), 7. doi:10.1186/alzrt105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallaway, P. J., Miyake, H., Buchowski, M. S., Shimada, M., Yoshitake, Y., Kim, A. S., & Hongu, N. (2017). Physical activity: A viable way to reduce the risks of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia in older adults. Brain Sciences, 7(12), 22. doi:10.3390/brainsci7020022
   Google Scholar
• Gallucci, M., Spagnolo, P., Aricò, M., & Grossi, E. (2016). Predictors of response to cholinesterase inhibitors treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Date mining from the TREDEM registry. Journal of Alzheimer’sDisease, 50(4), 969–979. doi:10.3233/JAD-150747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garibotto, V., Tettamanti, M., Marcone, A., Florea, I., Panzacchi, A., Moresco, R., & Perani, D. (2013). Cholinergic activity correlates with reserve proxies in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 34(11), 2694–e13. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, A. L., Mungas, D. M., Crane, P. K., Gibbons, L. E., MacKay-Brandt, A., Manly, J. J., … Jones, R. N. (2015). Effects of education and race on cognitive decline: An integrative study of generalizability versus study-specific results. Psychology and Aging, 30(4), 863–880. doi:10.1037/pag0000032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibach, B., & Haen, E. (2004). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer’s disease. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 10(3), 231–251. doi:10.2174/1381612043386509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, S., Downs, T. D., Cash, H. R., & Grotz, R. C. (1970). Progress in development of the index of ADL. The Gerontologist, 10(1 Part 1), 20–30. doi:10.1093/geront/10.1_Part_1.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzman, R., Terry, R., DeTeresa, R., Brown, T., Davies, P., Fuld, P., & Peck, A. (1988). Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: A subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society, 23(2), 138–144. doi:10.1002/ana.410230206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanctôt, K. L., Herrmann, N., Yau, K. K., Khan, L. R., Liu, B. A., LouLou, M. M., & Einarson, T. R. (2003). Efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 169(6), 557–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist, 9(3 Part 1), 179–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luck, T., Riedel-Heller, S. G., Luppa, M., Wiese, B., Köhler, M., Jessen, F., & Bickel, H. (2014). Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 genotype and a physically active lifestyle in late life: Analysis of gene–environment interaction for the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Psychological Medicine, 44(6), 1319–1329. doi:10.1017/S0033291713001918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda, L. F., Gomes, K. B., Silveira, J. N., Pianetti, G. A., Byrro, R. M., Peles, P. R., & Caramelli, P. (2015). Predictive factors of clinical response to cholinesterase inhibitors in mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease and mixed dementia: A one-year naturalistic study. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 45(2), 609–620. doi:10.3233/JAD-142148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsch, A. U., Mistridis, P., & Thomann, A. (2018). 13 postponing cognitive decline. Prevention of Chronic Diseases and Age-Related Disability, 117.
   Google Scholar
• Mungas, D., Gavett, B., Fletcher, E., Farias, S. T., DeCarli, C., & Reed, B. (2018). Education amplifies brain atrophy effect on cognitive decline: Implications for cognitive reserve. Neurobiology of Aging, 68, 142–150. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nucci, M., Mapelli, D., & Mondini, S. (2012). Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq): A new instrument for measuring cognitive reserve. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(3), 218–226. doi:10.3275/7800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perera, G., Khondoker, M., Broadbent, M., Breen, G., Stewart, R., & Skoulakis, E. M. C. (2014). Factors associated with response to acetylcholinesterase inhibition in dementia: A cohort study from a secondary mental health care case register in London. PloS One, 9(11), e109484. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perneczky, R., Kempermann, G., Korczyn, A. D., Matthews, F. E., Ikram, M. A., Scarmeas, N., & Ewers, M. (2019). Translational research on reserve against neurodegenerative disease: Consensus report of the international conference on cognitive reserve in the dementias and the Alzheimer’s association reserve, resilience and protective factors professional interest area working groups. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 47. doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1283-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pola, R., Flex, A., Ciaburri, M., Rovella, E., Valiani, A., Reali, G., & Bernabei, R. (2005). Responsiveness to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease: A possible role for the 192 Q/R polymorphism of the PON-1 gene. Neuroscience Letters, 382(3), 338–341. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Selya, A. S., Rose, J. S., Dierker, L. C., Hedeker, D., & Mermelstein, R. J. (2012). A practical guide to calculating Cohen’s f2, a measure of local effect size, from PROC MIXED. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 111. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, Y. (2002). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(3), 448–460. doi:10.1017/S1355617702813248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, Y., Arenaza-Urquijo, E. M., Bartrés-Faz, D., Belleville, S., Cantilon, M., Chetelat, G., & Ewers, M. (2018). Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates, L. A., Ziser, S., Spector, A., & Orrell, M. (2016). Cognitive leisure activities and future risk of cognitive impairment and dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(11), 1791–1806. doi:10.1017/S1041610216001137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar