Performance on a virtual environment shopping task and adaptive functioning among older adults

References

• Ainsworth, B., Caspersen, C., Matthews, C., Masse, L., Baranowski, T., & Zhu, W. (2012). Recommendations to improve the accuracy of estimates of physical activity derived from self-report. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 9(S1), S76–S84. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.s1.s76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bailey, P. E., Henry, J. D., Rendell, P. G., Philips, L. H., & Kliegel, M. (2010). Dismantling the “age-prospective memory paradox”: The classic laboratory paradigm simulated in a naturalistic setting. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(4), 646–652. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903521797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, M., Childers, L., & Parsons, T. (2021). A virtual kitchen protocol to measure everyday memory functioning for meal preparation. Brain Sciences, 11(5), 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxendale, S., & Thompson, P. (2010). Beyond localization: The role of traditional neuropsychological tests in an age of imaging. Epilepsia, 51(11), 2225–2230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02710.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackstone, K., Moore, D., Heaton, R., Franklin, D., Woods, S., Clifford, D., Teshome, M., Marra, C. M., Gelman, B. B., McArthur, J. C., Morgello, S., Simpson, D. M., Rivera-Mindt, M., Deutsch, R., Ellis, R. J., Hampton Atkinson, J., & Grant, I. (2012). Diagnosing Symptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Self-report versus performance-based assessment of everyday functioning. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18(1), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1017/S135561771100141X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohil, C. J., Alicea, B., & Biocca, F. A. (2011). Virtual reality in neuroscience research and therapy. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 12(12), 752–762. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bondi, M. W., Edmonds, E. C., Jak, A. J., Clark, L. R., Delano-Wood, L., McDonald, C. R., Nation, D. A., Libon, D. J., Au, R., Galasko, D., & Salmon, D. P. (2014). Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment improves diagnostic precision, biomarker associations, and progression rates. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 42(1), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Forbes, C., Costello, A., Coates, L. M. A., Dawson, D. R., Anderson, N., Gilbert, S. J., Dumontheil, I., & Channon, S. (2006). The case for the development and use of “ecologically valid” measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(2), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617706060310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaytor, N., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2003). The ecological validity of neuropsychological tests: A review of the literature on everyday cognitive skills. Neuropsychological Review, 13(4), 181–197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:NERV.0000009483.91468.fb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaytor, N., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., & Burr, R. (2006). Improving the ecological validity of executive functioning assessment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21(3), 217–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2005.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly, B., & Chang, L. (2016). A meta-analytic multi-trait multi-rater separation of substance and style in social desirability scales. Journal of Personality, 83(3), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12161
   Google Scholar
• Corriveau Lecavalier, N., Ouellet, É., Boller, B., & Belleville, S. (2020). Use of immersive virtual reality to assess episodic memory: A validation study in older adults. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 30(3), 462–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2018.1477684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullum, C. M., Saine, K., Chan, L. D., Martin-Cook, K., Gray, K. F., & Weiner, M. F. (2001). Performance-Based instrument to assess functional capacity in dementia: The Texas Functional Living Scale. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 14(2), 103–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cullum M., Saine K., and Weiner M. 2009. Texas Functional Living Scale Examiner‘s Manual. Pearson Assessments.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, D. R., & Marcotte, T. D. (2017). Special issue on ecological validity and cognitive. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 27(5), 599–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2017.1313379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, N. J., Kendall, D. L., Heaton, S. C., Kwon, S., Velozo, C. A., & Duncan, P. W. (2008). Conceptualizing functional cognition in stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 22(2), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968207306239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drozdick, L. W., & Cullum, C. M. (2011). Expanding the ecological validity of WAIS-IV and WMS-IV with the Texas functional living scale. Assessment, 18(2), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191110382843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farias, S., Mungas, D., & Jagust, W. (2005). Degree of discrepancy between self and other-reported everyday functioning by cognitive status: Dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy elders. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(9), 827–834. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, J., Arena, D., & Bailenson, J. (2009). Virtual Reality: A survival guide for the social scientist. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 21(3), 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.21.3.95
   Google Scholar
• Gamito, P., Oliveira, J., Alghazzawi, D., Fardoun, H., Rosa, P., Sousa, T., & Brito, R. (2017). The art gallery test: A preliminary comparison between traditional neuropsychological and ecological VR-based tests. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1911). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01911
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harvey, P., Twamley, E., Pinkham, A., Depp, C., & Patterson, T. (2017). Depression in schizophrenia: Associations with cognition, functional capacity, everyday functioning, and self-assessment. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(3), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jak, A. J., Bondi, M. W., Delano-Wood, L., Wierenga, C., Corey-Bloom, J., Salmon, D. P., & Delis, D. C. (2009). Quantification of five neuropsychological approaches to defining mild cognitive impairment. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(5), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31819431d5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson, B., Allen-Burge, R., & Zarit, S. (1997). Self-reports on memory functioning in a longitudinal study of the oldest old: Relation to current, prospective, and retrospective performance. The Journals of Gerontology, 52(3), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/52b.3.p139
   Google Scholar
• Kothgassner, O. D., & Felnhofer, A. (2020). Does virtual reality help to cut the Gordian knot between ecological validity and experimental control? Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(3), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1792790
   Google Scholar
• Kourtesis, P., Collina, S., Doumas, L. A., & MacPherson, S. E. (2021). Validation of the virtual reality everyday assessment lab (VR-EAL): An immersive virtual reality neuropsychological battery with enhanced ecological validity. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 27(2), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617720000764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberts, K. F., Evans, J. J., & Spikman, J. M. (2010). A real-life, ecologically valid test of executive functioning: The executive secretarial task. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 32(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390902806550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, K., Parikh, M., Harvey, D., Huang, C., & Farias, S. (2015). Early cognitively based functional limitations predict loss of independence in instrumental activities of daily living in older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 21(9), 688–698. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617715000818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9(3), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipio Brothers, S. (2023). Application of novel technological solutions in the assessment of culturally diverse older adults. Practice Innovations, 8(1), 1–22. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pri0000206
   Google Scholar
• Logie, R. H., Trawley, S., & Law, A. S. (2011). Multitasking: Multiple, domain specific cognitive function in a virtual environment. Memory & Cognition, 39(8), 1561–1574. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0120-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe, D. A., Nguyen, C. M., Copeland, C. T., & Linck, J. F. (2019). Factor analysis of the texas functional living scale in an outpatient clinical sample. Archives of clinical neuropsychology. The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 35(1), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellinger, C. D., & Hanson, T. A. (2022). Considerations of ecological validity in cognitive translation and interpreting studies. Translation, Cognition & Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00061.mel
   Google Scholar
• Mendez, M. F., Joshi, A., & Jimenez, E. (2015). Virtual reality for the assessment of frontotemporal dementia, a feasibility study. Disability and Rehabilitation. Assistive Technology, 10(2), 160–164. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2014._889230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, K., Mari, Z., Pontone, G., Pantelyat, A., Zhang, A., Yoritomo, N., Powers, E., Brandt, J., Dawson, T., & Rosenthal, L. (2016). Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Association between patient-reported and clinically measured outcomes. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 33, 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.09.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mlinac, M., & Feng, M. (2016). Assessment of activities of daily living, self-care, and Independence. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(6), 506–516. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers, A. (1992). The clinical Swiss Army Knife: Empirical evidence on the validity of IADL functional status measures. Medical Care, 30(5), MS96–MS111. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199205001-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neguţ, A., Matu, S. A., Sava, F. A., & David, D. (2016). Task difficulty of virtual reality-based assessment tools compared to classical paper-and-pencil or computerized measures: A meta-analytic approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 414–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neguț, A., Matu, S. A., Sava, F. A., & David, D. (2016). Virtual reality measures in neuropsychological assessment: A meta-analytic review. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 30(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2016.1144793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, T. D., & Barnett, M. D. (2017). Validity of a newly developed measure of memory: Feasibility study of the virtual environment grocery store. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 59(4), 1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, T. D., Carlew, A. R., Magtoto, J., & Stonecipher, K. (2017). The potential of function-led virtual environments for ecologically valid measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 27(5), 777–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2015.1109524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, T. D., Duffield, T., & Asbee, J. (2019). A comparison of virtual reality classroom continuous performance tests to traditional continuous performance tests in delineating ADHD: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review, 29(3), 338–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-019-09407-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, T. D., Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2020). Extended reality for the clinical, affective, and social neurosciences. Brain Sciences, 10(12), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci/10120922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, T., & McMahan, T. (2017). An initial validation of the virtual environment grocery store. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 291, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persky, S., & Lewis, M. A. (2019). Advancing science and practice using immersive virtual reality: What behavioral medicine has to offer. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 9(6), 1040–1046. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rand, D., Rukan, S. B. A., Weiss, P. L., & Katz, N. (2009). Validation of the virtual MET as an assessment tool for executive functions. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(4), 583–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960201802469074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, L., & MacLullich, A. (2006). Subjective memory complaints and cognitive impairment in older people. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 22.5-6(2006), 471–485. https://doi.org/10.1159/000096295
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, I. H., Ward, T., Ridgeway, V., & Nimmo-Smith, I. (1996). The structure of normal human attention: The test of everyday attention. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2(6), 525–534. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700001697
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roedersheimer, K., Pereira, G., Jones, C., Braz, V., Mangipudi, S., & Platts-Mills, T. (2016). Self-reported versus performance-based assessments of a simple mobility task among older adults in the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 67(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., Parsey, C., & Cook, D. (2011). Cognitive correlates of functional performance in older adults: Comparison of self-report, direct observation, and performance-based measures. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(5), 853–864. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617711000865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. W. (1991). Deficits in Strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain A Journal of Neurology, 114(2), 727–741. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/114.2.727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spooner, D. M., & Pachana, N. A. (2006). Ecological validity in neuropsychological assessment: A case for greater consideration in research with neurologically intact populations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21(4), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2006.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugden, N., Thomas, M., & Kiernan, M. (2021). A scoping review of the utility of self-report and informant-report prospective memory measures. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 32(6), 1230–1260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2021.1875851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tippett, W. J., Lee, J. H., Zakzanis, K. K., Black, S. E., Mraz, R., & Graham, S. J. (2009). Visually navigating a virtual world with real-world impairments: A study of visually and spatially guided performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairments. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(4), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/_13803390802251360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vittengl, J., White, C., McGovern, R., & Morton, B. (2006). Comparative validity of seven scoring systems for the instrumental activities of daily living scale in rural elders. Aging & Mental Health, 10(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860500307944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, E., Goverover, Y., Deluca, J., Feys, P., & Sastre-Garriga, J. (2019). Beyond cognitive dysfunction: Relevance of ecological validity of neuropsychological tests in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 25(10), 1412–1419. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458519860318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzner, D. S., Calamia, M., & Parsons, T. D. (2021). Test-retest reliability and practice effects of the virtual environment grocery store (VEGS). Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 43(6), 547–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2021.1960277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P., Emslie, H., & Evans, J. J. (1996). Behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS). Thames Valley Test Company. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642008dn10200007
   Google Scholar
• Wilson B. A., Cockburn J., and Baddley A. D. (1985). The rivermead behavioral memory test manual. Thamas Valley Test Company.
   Google Scholar
• Yam, A., & Marsiske, M. (2013). Cognitive longitudinal predictors of older adults’ self-reported IADL function. Journal of Aging and Health, 25(8), 163–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264313495560
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zartman, A. L., Hilsabeck, R. C., Guarnaccia, C. A., & Houtz, A. (2013). The pillbox test: An ecological measure of executive functioning and estimate of medication management abilities. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28(4), 307–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zygouris, S., Giakoumis, D., Votis, K., Doumpoulakis, S., Ntovas, K., Segkouli, S., Karagiannidis, C., Tzovaras, D., & Tsolaki, M. (2015). Can a virtual reality cognitive training application fulfill a dual role? Using the virtual supermarket cognitive training application as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 44(4), 1333–1347. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-141260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar