The Complex Impact of Risk and Protective Factors on Suicide Mortality: A Study of the Ukrainian General Population

REFERENCES

• Ashley, O. S., Marsden, M. E. & Brady, T. M. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29, 19–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berk, M., Dodd, S. & Henry, M. (2006). The effect of macroeconomic variables on suicide. Psychological Medicine, 36, 181–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borowik, I. (1994). Religion in postcommunist countries: A comparative study of religiousness in Byelorussia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Russia, and Poland. In W. H. Swatos (Ed.), Politics and religion in Central and Eastern Europe: Traditions and transitions (pp. 37–46). Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Bromet, E. J., Havenaar, J. M., Tintle, N., Kostyuchenko, S., Kotov, R. & Gluzman, S. (2007). Suicide ideation, plans and attempts in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health Survey. Psychological Medicine, 37, 807–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke, S. & Ross, J. (2002). Suicide among heroin users: Rates, risk factors and methods. Addiction, 97, 1383–1394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durkheim, E. (1897/1951). Suicide: a study in sociology. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• European Social Survey. (2008). ESS Round 4: European Social Survey round 4 data. from Norwegian Social Science Data Services (http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/):
   Google Scholar
• European Social Survey. (2011). ESS4 - 2008 documentation report: The ESS data archive, edition 4.0: Norwegian Social Science Data Services (http://ess.nsd.uib.no/ess/round4/)
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, L. M., Sundquist, J., Johansson, S. E. & Bergman, B. (1997). Ethnicity, social factors, illness and suicide: A follow-up study of a random sample of the Swedish population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 95, 125–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Borges, G. & Walters, E. E. (1999). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 617–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolves, K., Varnik, A., Tooding, L. M. & Wasserman, D. (2006). The role of alcohol in suicide: A case-control psychological autopsy study. Psychological Medicine, 36, 923–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondrichin, S. V. & Lester, D. (2002). Suicide in the Ukraine. Crisis, 23, 32–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krindatch, A. D. (2003). Religion in post-Soviet Ukraine as a factor in regional, ethno-cultural, and political diversity. Religion, State & Society, 31, 37–73.
   Google Scholar
• Kryzhanovskaya, L. & Pilyagina, G. (1999). Suicidal behavior in the Ukraine, 1988–1998. Crisis, 20, 184–190.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kubicek, P. (2000). Regional polarisation in Ukraine: Public opinion, voting and legislative behaviour. Europe-Asia Studies, 52, 273–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landberg, J. (2008). Alcohol and suicide in eastern Europe. Drug and Alcohol Review, 27, 361–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester, D. (1996). Height, gross domestic product and suicide and homicide. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 83, 1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester, D. & Yang, B. (1997). The economy and suicide. Commack, NY: Nova Science.
   Google Scholar
• Litvak, A. I. (2008). Public health system in Ukraine in the context of historical development (Sistema ohoroni zdorov'ya v Ukraini u svitli istorichnogo rozvytku). Theorectical and practical problems of state building (Teoretuchni ta prukladni putannya dergavotvorennya), 2.
   Google Scholar
• Makinen, I. H. (2000). Eastern European transition and suicide mortality. Social Science Medicine, 51, 1405–1420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masaryk, T. (1881/1970). Suicide and the meaning of civilization. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mokhovikov, A. & Donets, O. (1996). Suicide in the Ukraine: Epidemiology, knowledge, and attitudes of the population. Crisis, 17, 128–134.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mokhovikov, A. N. (1994). Suicide in the Ukraine. Crisis, 15, 137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morselli, E. A. (1879). Suicide: An essay on comparative moral statistics. Appleton-Century.
   Google Scholar
• Nordstrom, D. L. (2007). Ukraine set to act on high suicide burden. Injury Prevention, 13, 224–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyefeso, A., Ghodse, H., Clancy, C. & Corkery, J. M. (1999). Suicide among drug addicts in the UK. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 277–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilyagina, G. Y. & Vinnick, M. I. (2007). The problem of self-destructive behaviour among Ukrainian population (Problema samoruynuyuchoyi povedinki sered naselennya Ukraini). News of Medicine and Farmacy (Novosti medicini i farmacii), 215, 10–11 [in Ukrainian].
   Google Scholar
• Qin, P., Agerbo, E. & Mortensen, P. B. (2003). Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981–1997. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 765–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramstedt, M. (2001). Alcohol and suicide in 14 European countries. Addiction, 96 Suppl 1, S59–75.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossow, I. (1994). Suicide among drug addicts in Norway. Addiction, 89, 1667–1673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saucer, P. R. (1993). Education and suicide: The quality of life among modern Americans. Psychological Reports, 73, 637–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuckler, D., Basu, S., Suhrcke, M., Coutts, A. & McKee, M. (2011). Effects of the 2008 recession on health: A first look at European data. Lancet, 378, 124–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Praag, H. M. (2009). The role of religion in suicide prevention. In D. Wasserman & C. Wasserman (Eds.), Oxford textbook of suicidology and suicide prevention: A global perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Varnik, A., Kolves, K., Vali, M., Tooding, L. M. & Wasserman, D. (2007). Do alcohol restrictions reduce suicide mortality? Addiction, 102, 251–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Värnik, A., Liina-Mai, T., Palo, E. & Wasserman, D. (2003). Suicide and homicide: Durkheim's and Henry & Short's theories tested on data from Baltic States. Archives of Suicide Research, 7, 59.
   Google Scholar
• Varnik, A., Wasserman, D., Palo, E. & Tooding, L. M. (2001). Registration of external causes of death in the Baltic States 1970–1997. European Journal of Public Health, 11, 84–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varnik, P., Sisask, M., Varnik, A., Yur'yev, A., Kolves, K., Leppik, L.,… Wasserman, D. (2010). Massive increase in injury deaths of undetermined intent in ex-USSR Baltic and Slavic countries: Hidden suicides? Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 38, 395–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasserman, C. (2009). The role of religion in suicide prevention. In D. Wasserman & C. Wasserman (Eds.), Oxford textbook of suicidology and suicide prevention: A global perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wasserman, D. & Varnik, A. (1998a). Reliability of statistics on violent death and suicide in the former USSR, 1970–1990. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum, 394, 34–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasserman, D. & Varnik, A. (1998b). Suicide-preventive effects of perestroika in the former USSR: The role of alcohol restriction. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl, 394, 1–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasserman, D., Varnik, A. & Eklund, G. (1994). Male suicides and alcohol consumption in the former USSR. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, 306–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2010). Health for All, Ukraine. from World Health Organization and Center of Medical Statistics of Ukraine (http://medstat.gov.ua/ukr/statreports/access.html?id=13):
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2012). European Mortality database (updated in January 2012). from The World Health Organization (http://data.euro.who.int/hfamdb/):
   Google Scholar
• Yur'yeva, L. (2006). Clinical suicidology [Klinicheskaya Suicidologia]. Dnepropetrovsk Porogi [In Russian].
   Google Scholar
• Yur'yeva, L. (2010). Urban-rural patterns of suicide mortality. Paper presented at the Symposium on Developing an Evidence Base on Social and Public Health Determinants of Suicide in Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Baltic Countries: A Foundation for Designing Intervention. Tallinn, Estonia, 14–15 September 2010
   Google Scholar
• Yur'yeva, L. N., Zinchenko, E. N. & A. E, Y. y. (2010). Dinamika urovnya samoubijstv v Ukraine i ee regionalnie osobennosti [Dynamics of suicide rates in Ukraine and their regional characteristics]. Psichichne Zdorovje [Mental Health], 2, 75–78 [in Russian].
   Google Scholar