Publication Cover
Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry
The Journal of Metabolic Diseases
Volume 112, 2006 - Issue 4-5
255
Views
42
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Chemokines: Inflammatory mediators of atherosclerosis

, , &
Pages 229-238 | Received 28 Jul 2006, Accepted 07 Sep 2006, Published online: 10 Oct 2008

References

  • Abi-Younes S, Sauty A, Mach F, Sukhova G K, Libby P, Luster A D. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 chemokine is a potent platelet agonist highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Cir Res 2000; 86: 131–138
  • Addison C L, Daniel T O, Burdick M D, Liu H, Ehlert J E, Xue Y Y, Buechi L, Walz A, Richmond A, Strieter R M. The CXC chemokine receptor 2, CXCR2, is the putative receptor for ERL-CXC chemokine-induced angiogenic activity. J Immunol 2000; 165: 5269–5277
  • Aslanian A M, Charo I F. Targeted disruption of the scavenger receptor and chemokine CXCL16 accelerates atherosclerosis. Circulation 2006; 114: 583–590
  • Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B. Interleukine-8 and related chemotactic cytokines CXC and CC chemokines. Adv Immunol 1994; 55: 97
  • Bazan J F, Bacon K B, Hardiman G, Wang W, Soo K, Rossi D, Greaves D R, Zlotnik A, Schall T J. A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 1997; 385: 640–644
  • Boisvert W A, Santiago R, Curtiss L K, Terkeltraub R A. A leukocyte homologue of the IL-8 receptor CXCR2 mediates the accumulation of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 353–363
  • Boring L, Gosling J, Cleary M, Charo I F. Decreased lesion formation in CCR2−/− mice reveales a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature 1998; 3954: 894–897
  • Burger-Kentischer A, Goebel H, Seiler R, Fraedrich G, Schafer H E, Dimmeler S, Kleemann R, Bernhagen J, Ihling C. Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in different stages of human atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 1561–1566
  • Burger-Kentischer A, Gobel H, Kleemann R, Zernecke A, Bucala R, Leng L, Finkelmeier D, Geiger G, Schaefer H E, Schober A, Weber C, Brunner H, Rutten H, Ihling C, Bernhagen J. Reduction of the aortic inflammatory response in spontaneous atherosclerosis by blockade of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Atherosclerosis 2006; 184: 28–38
  • Charo I F, Ransohoff R M. The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in Inflammation. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 610–621
  • Chen Z, Sakuma M, Zago A C, Zhang X, Shi C, Leng L, Mizue Y, Bucala R, Simon D I. Evidence for a role of macrophage inhibitory factor in vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 4: 709–714
  • Chuntharapai A, Lee J, Herbert C A, Kim K J. Monoclonal antibodies detect different distribution patterns of IL-8 receptor A and IL-8 receptor B on human peripheral blood leukocytes. J Immunol 1994; 153: 5682–5688
  • Cinamon G, Shinder V, Alon R. Shear forces promote lymphocyte migration across vascular endothelium bearing apical chemokines. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 515–522
  • Clemetson K J, Clemetson J M, Proudfoot A E, Power C A, Baggioloni M, Wells T N. Functional expression of CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors on human platelets. Blood 2000; 96: 4046–4056
  • Combadiere C, Potteaux S, Gao J L, Esposito B, Casanova S, Lee E J, Debre P, Tedgui A, Murphy P M, Mallat Z. Decreased atherosclerotic lesion formation in CX3CR1/apolipoprotein E double knockout mice. Circulation 2003; 107: 1009–1016
  • Damas J K, Waehre T, Yndestadt A, Ueland T, Muller F, Eiken H G, Holm A M, Halvorsen B, Froland S S, Gullestad L, Aukrust P. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α in unstable angina: potential anti-inflammatory and matrix-stabilizing effects. Circulation 2002; 106: 36–42
  • Dawson T C, Kuziel W A, Osahar T A, Maeda N. Absence of CC chemokine receptor-2 reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 1999; 143: 205–211
  • Egashira K, Zhao Q, Kataoka C, Ohtani K, Usui M, Charo I F, Nishida K, Inoue S, Katoh M, Ichiki T, Takeshita A. Importance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 pathway in neointimal hyperplasia after periarterial injury in mice and monkeys. Circ Res 2002; 90: 1167–1172
  • Erl W, Weber P C, Weber C. Monocytic cell adhesion to endothelial cells stimulated by oxidized low density lipoprotein is mediated by distinct endothelial ligands. Atherosclerosis 1998; 136(2)297–303
  • Fong A M, Robinson L A, Steeber D A, Tedder T F, Yoshie O, Imai T, Patel D D. Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate a novel mechanism of leukocyte capture, firm adhesion and activation under physiologic flow. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 1413–1419
  • Furukawa Y, Matsumori A, Ohashi N, Shioi T, Ono K, Harada A, Matsushima K, Sasayama S. Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor antibody inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries. Circ Res 1999; 84: 306–314
  • Garton K J, Gough P J, Blobel C P, Murphy G, Greaves D R, Dempsey P J, Raines E W. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (ADAM17) mediates the cleavage and shedding of fractalkine (CX3CL1). J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 27993–38001
  • George J N, Onofre A R. Human platelet surface binding of endogenous secreted factor VIII-von Willebrand factor and platelet factor 4. Blood 1982; 59: 194–197
  • Gerszten R E, Garcia-Zepeda E A, Lim Y C, Yoshida M, Ding H A, Gimbrone M A, Jr, Luster A D, Luscinskas F W, Rosenzweig A. MCP-1 and IL-8 trigger firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelium under flow conditions. Nature 1999; 398: 718–723
  • Greaves D R, Häkkinen T, Lucas A D, Liddiard F R, Tyson K, Boyle J, Shanahan C, Weissberg P L, Gordon S, Ylä-Hertualla S. Linked chromosome 16q13 chemokines, macrophage-derived chemokine, fractalkine and tymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, are expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 923–929
  • Gu L, Okada Y, Clinton S K, Gerard C, Sukhova G K, Libby P, Rollins B J. Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Mol Cell 1998; 2: 275–281
  • Haley K J, Lilly C M, Yang J H, Feng Y, Kennedy S P, Turi T G, Thompson J F, Sukhova G H, Libby P, Lee R T. Overexpression of eotaxin and the CCR3 receptor in human atherosclerosis: using genomic technologie to identify a potential novel path way of vascular inflammation. Circulation 2000; 102: 2185–2189
  • Han K H, Tangirala R K, Green S R, Quehenberger O. Chemokine receptor CCR2 expression and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated chemotaxis in human monocytes. A regulatory role for plasma LDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1983–1991
  • Hansson G K, Libby P, Schonbeck U, Yan Z Q. Innate and adaptative immunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2002; 91: 281–291
  • Hansson G K, Libby P. The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6: 508–519
  • Heller E A, Liu E, Tager A M, Yuan Q, Lin A Y, Ahluwalia N, Jones K, Koehn S L, Lok V M, Aikawa E, Moore K J, Luster A D, Gerszten R E. Chemokine CXCL10 promotes atherogenesis by modulating the local balance of effector and regulatory T cells. Circulation 2006; 113: 2301–2312
  • Horvath C, Welt F G, Nedelman M, Rao P, Rogers C. Targeting CCR2 or CD18 inhibits experimental in-stent restenosis in primates: inhibitory potential depends on type of injury and leukocytes targeted. Circ Res 2002; 90: 488–494
  • Huo Y, Weber C, Forlow S B, Sperandio M, Thatte J, Mack M, Jung S, Littman D R, Ley K. The chemokine KC, but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, triggers monocyte arrest on early atherosclerotic endothelium. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 1307–1314
  • Huo Y, Schober A, Forlow B, Smith D F, Hyman M C, Jung S, Littman D R, Weber C, Ley K. Circulating activated platelets exacerbate atherosclerosis in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E. Nat Med 2003; 9: 61–67
  • Koch A E, Polverini O J, Kunkel S L, Harlow L A, DiPietro L A, Elner V M, Elner S G, Strieter R M. Interleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis. Science 1992; 258: 1778–1781
  • Kowalska M A, Ratajczak M Z, Majka M, Jin J, Kunapuli S, Brass L, Poncz M. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and macrophage-derived chemokine: 2 chemokines that activate platelets. Blood 2000; 96: 50–57
  • Kushert G S, Coulin F, Power C A, Proudfoot A E, Hubbard R E, Hoogewerf A J, Wells T N. Glycozaminoglycans interact selectively with chemokines and modulate hreceptor binding and cellular responces. Biochemistry 1999; 38: 12959–12968
  • Kuziel W A, Dawson T C, Quinones M, Garavito E, Chenaux G, Ahuja S S, Reddick R I, Maeda N. CCR5 deficiency is not protective in the early stages of atherogenesis in apoE knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2003; 167: 25–32
  • Lapidot T, Petit I. Current understanding of stem cell mobilization: the role of chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, adhesion molecules, cytokines and stromal cells. Exp Hematol 2002; 30: 973–981
  • Lesnik P, Haskel C A, Charo I F. Decreased atherosclerosis in CX3CR1−/− mice reveals a role for fractalkine in atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 333–340
  • Liehn E A, Schober A, Weber C. Blockade of keratinocyte-derived chemokine inhibits endothelial recovery and enhances plaque formation after arterial injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 1891–1896
  • Lin S G, Yu X Y, Chen Y X, Huang X R, Mets C, Bucala R, Lau C P, Lau H Y. De novo expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in atherogenesis in rabbits. Circ Res 2000; 87: 1202–1208
  • Ludwig A, Berkhout T, Moores K, Groot P, Chapman G. Fractalkine is expressed by smooth muscle cells in response to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and is modulated by metalloproteinase activity. J Immunol 2002; 168: 604–612
  • Lundahl J, Skols C M, Hallden G, Hallgren M, Eklund A. Monocytes and neutrophil adhesion to matrix proteins is selectively enhanced in the presence of inflammatory mediators. Scand J Immunol 1996; 44: 143–149
  • Mach F, Sauty A, Iarossi A S, Sukhova G K, Neote K, Libby P, Luster A D. Differential expression of three T lymphocyte-activating CXC chemokines by human atheroma-associated cells. J Clin Invest 1999; 104: 1041–1050
  • Matloubian M, David A, Engel S, Ryan J E, Cyster J G. A transmembrane CXC chemokine is a ligand for HIV-coreceptor Bonzo. Nat Immunol 2000; 1: 298–304
  • Mause S F, von Hundelshausen P, Zernecke A, Koenen R R, Weber C. Platelet microparticles: a transcellular delivery system for RANTES promoting monocyte recruitment on endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 1512–1518
  • Minami M, Kume N, Shimaoka T, Kataoka H, Hayashida K, Akiyama Y, Nagata I, Ando K, Nobuyoshi M, Hanyuu M, Komeda M, Yonehara S, Kita T. Expression of SR-PSOX, a novel cell-surface scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized LDL in human atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1796–1800
  • Morand E F, Leech M, Bernhagen J. MIF: a new cytokine link between rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5: 399–410
  • Moser B, Barella L, Mattei S, Schumacher C, Boulay F, Colombo M P, Baggiolini M. Expression of transcripts for two interleukin 8 receptors in human phagocytes, lymphocytes and melanoma cells. Biochem J 1993; 294: 285–292
  • Namiki M, Kawashima S, Yamashita T, Ozaki M, Hirase T, Ishida T, Inoue N, Hirata K, Matsukawa A, Morishita R, Kaneda Y, Yokoyama M. Local overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 at vessel wall induces infiltration of macrophages and formation of atherosclerotic lesion: synergism with hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 115–120
  • Neuzil J, Schroder A, von Hundelshausen P, Zernecke A, Weber T, Gellert N, Weber C. Inhibition of inflammatory endothelial responses by a pathway involving caspase activation and p65 cleavage. Biochemistry 2001; 40(15)4686–4692
  • Ni W, Egashira K, Kitamoto S, Kataoka C, Koyanagi M, Inoue S, Imaizumi K, Akiyama C, Nishida K I, Takeshita A. New anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation 2001; 103: 2096–2101
  • Pan J H, Sukhova G K, Yang J T, Wang B, Xie T, Fu H, Zhang Y, Satoskar A R, David J R, Metz C N, Bucala R, Fang K, Simon D I, Chapman H A, Libby P, Shi G P. Macrophage migration inhibitora factor deficiency impairs atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 2004; 109: 3149–4153
  • Piali L, Weber C, LaRosa G, Mackay C R, Springer T A, Clark-Lewis J, Moser B. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 mediates rapid and shear-resistant adhesion-induction of effector T Lymphocytes by chemokines IP10 and Mig. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 961–972
  • Reape T J, Groot P H. Chemokines and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1999; 147: 213–225
  • Rollins B J. Chemokines. Blood 1997; 90(3)909–928
  • Roque M, Kim W J, Gazdoin M, Malik A, Reis E D, Fallon J T, Badimo J J, Charo I F, Taubman M B. CCR2 deficiency decreases intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 554–559
  • Sata M, Saiura A, Kunisato A, Tojo A, Okada S, Tokuhisa T, Hirai H, Makuuchi M, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into vascular cells that participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Nat Med 2002; 8: 403–409
  • Schäfer A, Schultz C, Eigenthaler M, Fraccarolo D, Kobsar A, Gawaz M, Ertl G, Walter U, Bauersachs J. Novel role of the chemokine fractalkine in platelet activation and adhesion. Blood 2003; 103: 407–412
  • Schober A, Manka D, von Hundelshausen P, Huo Y, Hanrath P, Sarembock I J, Ley K, Weber C. Deposition of platelet RANTES triggering monocytes recruitment requires P-Selectin and is involved in neointima formation after arterial injury. Circulation 2002; 106: 1523–1529
  • Schober A, Knarren S, Lietz M, Lin E A, Weber C. Crucial role of stromal cell-derived factor-1α in neointima formation after vascular injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 2003; 108: 2491–2497
  • Schober A, Bernhagen J, Thiele M, Zeiffer U, Knarren S, Roller M, Bucala R, Weber C. Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques by blockade of macrophage migration inhibitory factor after vascular injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 2004; 109: 380–385
  • Schober A, Zernecke A, Liehn E A, von Hundelshausen P, Knarren S, Kuziel W A, Weber C. Crucial role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in hyperlipidemic mice involves early monocyte recruitment and CCL2 presentation on platelets. Circ Res 2004; 95: 1125–1133
  • Schober A, Karshovska E, Zernecke A, Weber C. SDF-1α-mediated tissue repair by stem cells: a promising tool in cardiovascular medicine?. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2006; 16: 103–108
  • Schwarz D, Andalibi A, Chaverri-Almada L, Berliner J A, Kirchgessner T, Fang Z T, Tekamp-Olson P, Lusis A J, Gallegos C, Fogelman A M, et al. Role of GRO family of chemokines in monocyte adhesion to MM-LDL-stimulated endothelium. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 1968–1973
  • Springer T A. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 1994; 76: 301–314
  • Tachibana K, Hirota S, Iizasa H, Yoshida H, Kawabata K, Kataoka Y, Kitamura Y, Matsusima K, Yoshida N, Nischikawa S, Kishimoto T, Nagasawa T. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract. Nature 1998; 393: 591–594
  • Taubman M B, Rollins B J, Poon M, Marmur J, Green R S, Berk B C, Nadal-Ginard B. JE mRNA accumulates rapidly in aortic injury and in platelets-derived growth factor-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1992; 70: 314–325
  • Tegui A, Mallat Z. Cytokines and atherosclerosis: pathogenic and regulatory pathways. Physiol Rev 2006; 86: 515–581
  • Teupser D, Tan M, Persky A D, Breslow J L. Atherosclerosis quantitative trait loci are sex- and lineage-dependent in an intercross of C57BL/6 and FVB/N low-density lipoprotein receptor−/− mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103: 123–128
  • Trogan E, Feig J E, Dogan S, Rothblat G H, Angeli V, Tacke F, Randolph G J, Fisher E A. Gene expression changes in foam cells and the role of chemokine receptor CCR7 during atherosclerosis regression in ApoE-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103(10)3781–3786
  • Tsou C L, Haskell C A, Charo I F. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme mediates the inducible cleavage of fractalkine. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 44622–44626
  • van Wanrooij E J, Happe H, Hauer A D, de Vos P, Imanishi T, Fujiwara H, van Berkel T J, Kuiper J. HIV entry inhibitor TAK-779 attenuates atherogenesis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 2642–2647
  • Veillard N R, Kwak B, Pelli G, Mulhaupt F, James R W, Proudfoot A E, Mach F. Antagonism of RANTES receptors reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice. Circ Res 2004; 94: 253–261
  • Veillard N R, Steffens S, Pelli G, Lu B, Kwak B R, Gerard C, Charo I F, Mach F. Differential influence of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 in development of atherosclerosis in vivo. Circulation 2005; 112: 870–878
  • von Hundelshausen P, Weber K SC, Huo Y, Proudfoot A EI, Nelson P J, Ley K, Weber C. RANTES deposition by platelets treggersmonocyte arrest on inflamed and atherosclerotic endothelium. Circulation 2001; 103: 1772–1777
  • von Hundelshausen P, Koenen R R, Sack M, Mause S F, Adriaens W, Proudfoot A E, Hackeng T M, Weber C. Heterophilic interactions of platelet factor 4 and RANTES promote monocyte arrest on endothelium. Blood 2005; 105: 924–930
  • Wang N, Tabas I, Winchester R, Ravalli S, Rabbani L E, Tall A. Interleukin-8 is induced by cholesterol loading of macrophages and expressed by macrophage foam cells in human atheroma. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 8837–8842
  • Weber K S, Klickstein L B, Weber C. Specific activation of leukocyte beta2 integrins lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 and Mac-1 by chemokines mediated by distinct pathways via the alpha subunit cytoplasmic domains. Mol Biol Cell 1999; 10: 861–873
  • Weber K SC, von Hundelshausen P, Weber P C, Clark-Lewis I, Weber C. Differencial chemokine immobilization and hierarchical involvement of their receptors in monocyte arrest and transmigration on inflammatory endothelium. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29: 700–712
  • Weber C, Belge K U, von Hundelshausen P, Draude G, Steppich B, Mack M, Frankenberger M, Weber K S, Ziegler-Heitbrock H W. Differential chemokine receptor expression and function in human monocyte subpopulations. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 67: 699–704
  • Weber C, Weber K SC, Klier C, Gu H, Horuk R, Wank R, Nelson P J. Specialized roles of the chemokines receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in recruitment of monocytes and Th1-like/CD45RO+T cells. Blood 2001; 97: 1144–1146
  • Weber C. Novel mechanistic concepts for the control of leukocyte transmigration; specialization of integrins, chemokines and junctional molecules. J Mol Med 2003; 81: 4–19
  • Weber C, Schober A, Zernecke A. Chemokines: key regulators of mononuclear cells recruitment in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 1997–2008
  • Weber C. Platelets and chemokines in atherosclerosis: partners in crime. Circ Res 2005a; 96: 612–616
  • Weber C. Killing two birds with one stone: targeting chemokine receptors in atherosclerosis and HIV infection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005b; 25: 2448–2450
  • Weber C, Koenen R R. Fine-tuning leukocyte responses:towards a chemokine ‘interactome’. Trends Immunol 2006; 27: 268–273
  • Wilcox J N, Nelken N A, Coughlin S R, Gordon D, Schall T J. Local expression of inflammatory cytokines in human atherosclerotic plaque. J Atheroscler Thromb 1994; 1: S10–S13
  • Wuttge D M, Zhou X, Sheikine Y, Wagsater D, Stemme V, Hedin U, Stemme S, Hansson G K, Sirsjo A. CXCL16/SR-PSOX is an interferon-gamma-regulated chemokine and scavenger receptor expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 750–755
  • Yu X, Dluz S, Graves D T, Zhang L, Antoniades H N, Hollander W, Prusty S, Valente A J, Schwarz C J, Sonenshein G E. Elevated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 by vascular smooth muscle cells in hypercholesterolemic primates. Proc Natl Acid Sci USA 1992; 89: 6953–6957
  • Zernecke A, Weber K S, Erwig L P, Kluth D C, Schroppel B, Rees A J, Weber C. Combinatorial model of chemokine involvement in glomerular monocyte recruitment: role of CXC chemokine receptor 2 in infiltration during nephrotoxic nephritis. J Immunol 2001; 166: 5755–5762
  • Zernecke A, Schober A, Bot I, von Hundelshausen P, Liehn E A, Mopps B, Mericskay M, Gierschik P, Biessen E A, Weber C. SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis Is Instrumental in murine neointimal hyperplasia and recruitment of smooth muscle progenitor cells. Circ Res 2005; 96: 784–791
  • Zernecke A, Weber C. Inflammatory mediators in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2005; 100: 93–101
  • Zernecke A, Liehn E A, Gao J L, Kuziel W A, Murphy P M, Weber C. Deficiency in CCR5 but not CCR1 protects against neointima formation in atherosclerosis-prone mice: involvement of IL-10. Blood 2006; 107: 4240–4243

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.