Can maternal treatment with metformin during gestation and lactation cause metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in rat offspring?

References

• Balani, J., et al., 2009. Pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated with metformin or insulin: a case-control study. Diabetic medicine, 26 (8), 798–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battin, M.R., et al., 2015. Blood pressure measurement at two years in offspring of women randomized to a trial of metformin for GDM: follow up data from the MiG trial. BMC pediatrics, 15 (1), 54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolton, S., et al., 2009. Continuation of metformin in the first trimester of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome is not associated with increased perinatal morbidity. European journal of pediatrics, 168 (2), 203–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, I.W., et al., 1987. The effect of metformin on glycaemic control, intermediary metabolism and blood pressure in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetic medicine, 4 (4), 337–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsen, S.M., Martinussen, M.P., and Vanky, E., 2012. Metformin's effect on first-year weight gain: a follow-up study. Pediatrics, 130 (5), e1222–e1226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho-Filho, M.A., et al., 2005. S-nitrosation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, and protein kinase B/Akt: a novel mechanism of insulin resistance. Diabetes, 54 (4), 959–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, A.F., et al., 2011. Elevated systolic blood pressure in preterm very-low-birth-weight infants ≤3 years of life. Pediatric nephrology, 26 (7), 1115–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falholt, K., Lund, B., and Falholt, B., 1973. An Easy Colorimetric Micromethod for routine determination of free fatty acids in plasma. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 46 (2), 105–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forcato, S., et al., 2017. In utero and lactational exposure to metformin induces reproductive alterations in male rat offspring. Reproductive toxicology, 74, 48–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, C., Valois, M., and Koren, G., 2006. Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: a meta-analysis. Fertility and sterility, 86 (3), 658–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glatstein, M.M., et al., 2009. Use of hypoglycemic drugs during lactation. Canadian family physician, 55 (4), 371–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluckman, P.D., et al., 2009. Epigenetic mechanisms that underpin metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 5 (7), 401–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glueck, C.J., et al., 2008. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME Prevention of gestational diabetes by metformin plus diet in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and sterility, 89 (3), 625–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glueck, C.J., et al., 2002. Pregnancy outcomes among women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin. Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 17 (11), 2858–2864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutzin, S.J., et al., 2003. The safety of oral hypoglycemic agents in the first trimester of pregnancy: a meta-analysis. The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = journal Canadien de pharmacologie clinique, 10 (4), 179–183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris, K., et al., 2016. The effects of prenatal metformin on obesogenic diet-induced alterations in maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism. Nutrition & metabolism, 13 (1), 55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawley, S.A., et al., 2002. The antidiabetic drug metformin activates the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade via an adenine nucleotide-independent mechanism. Diabetes, 51 (8), 2420–2425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, B.F., Kurth-Kraczek, E.J., and Winder, W.W., 1999. Chronic activation of 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase increases GLUT-4, hexokinase, and glycogen in muscle. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 87 (5), 1990–1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hundal, H.S., et al., 1992. Cellular mechanism of metformin action involves glucose transporter translocation from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane in L6 muscle cells. Endocrinology, 131 (3), 1165–1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, N., 2011. Metformin is a reasonable first-line treatment option for non-obese women with infertility related to anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome-a meta-analysis of randomised trials . The Australian &Amp; New Zealand journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 51 (2), 125–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowler, W.C., Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group., et al., 2002. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. The New England journal of medicine, 346 (6), 393–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovo, M., et al., 2008. Determination of metformin transfer across the human placenta using a dually perfused ex vivo placental cotyledon model. European journal of obstetrics gynecology and reproductive biology, 136 (1), 29–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobato, N.S., et al., 2012. Improvement of metabolic parameters and vascular function by metformin in obese non-diabetic rats. Life sciences, 90 (5–6), 228–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, Y.C. and Zierath, J.R., 2006. AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in metabolic regulation. The journal of clinical investigation, 116 (7), 1776–1783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin-Papunen, L., et al., 2012. Metformin improves pregnancy and live-birth rates in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 97 (5), 1492–1500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novi, D.R.B.S., et al., 2017. Metformin exposure during pregnancy and lactation did not cause vascular reactivity alteration in adult male offspring. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1, 300–304.
   Google Scholar
• Petersen, J.S. and DiBona, G.F., 1996. Acute sympathoinhibitory actions of metformin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension, 27 (3), 619–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro Filho, F.F., et al., 2006. Gordura visceral e síndrome metabólica: mais que uma simples associação. Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia and metabologia, 50 (2), 230–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rø, T.B., et al., 2012. Growth, body composition and metabolic profile of 8-year-old children exposed to metformin in utero. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 72 (7), 570–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan, J.A., et al., 2011. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition at 2 years of age. Diabetes care, 34 (10), 2279–2284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomäki, H., et al., 2013. Prenatal metformin exposure in mice programs the metabolic phenotype of the offspring during a high fat diet at adulthood. PLoS One, 8 (2), e56594–e56512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheepers, H.C.J., et al., 2001. Fetal and maternal energy metabolism during labor in relation to the available caloric substrate. Journal of perinatal medicine, 29 (6), 457–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair, K.D., et al., 2007. The developmental origins of health and disease: current theories and epigenetic mechanisms. Reproduction in domestic ruminants, 6 (1), 425–443.
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg, G.R. and Kemp, B.E., 2009. AMPK in health and disease. Physiological reviews, 89 (3), 1025–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stumvoll, M., et al., 1995. Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England journal of medicine, 333 (9), 550–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidigal, C., et al., 2018. Intrauterine exposure to metformin: evaluation of endothelial and perivascular adipose tissue function in abdominal aorta of adult offspring. Life sciences, 207, 72–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viollet, B., et al., 2012. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: an overview. Clinical science, 122 (6), 253–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, R., et al., 2012. Building hospital management capacity to improve patient flow for cardiac catheterization at a cardiovascular hospital in Egypt. Joint commission journal on quality and patient safety, 38 (4), 147–153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wulffelé, M.G., et al., 2005. Does metformin decrease blood pressure in patients with Type 2 diabetes intensively treated with insulin? Diabetic medicine, 22 (7), 907–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, G., et al., 2001. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. The journal of clinical investigation, 108 (8), 1167–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar