CpG DNA-triggered upregulation of TLR9 expression affects apoptosis and immune responses in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from chronic hepatitis B patients

References

• Abdul-Cader, M.S., et al., 2018. In ovo CpG DNA delivery increases innate and adaptive immune cells in respiratory, gastrointestinal and immune systems post-hatch correlating with lower infectious laryngotracheitis virus infection. PLoS one, 13 (3), e01939647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akira, A. and Takeda, K., 2004. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature reviews immunology, 4 (7), 499–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aupanun, S., et al., 2019. Individual and combined cytotoxicity of major trichothecenes type B, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and fusarenon-X on Jurkat human T cells. Toxicon: official journal of the international society on toxinology, 160, 29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barchet, W., Cella, M., and Colonna, M., 2005. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells-virus experts of innate immunity. Seminars in immunology, 17 (4), 253–261. e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, S., et al., 2001. Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 98 (16), 9237–9242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bochud, P.Y., Swiss HIV Cohort Study., et al., 2007. A. Aderem, H.I.V.C.S. the Swiss, Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 9 influence the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. AIDS (London, England)), 21 (4), 441–e446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode, C., et al., 2011. CpG DNA as a vaccine adjuvant. Expert review of vaccines, 10 (4), 499–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colonna, M., Trinchieri, G., and Liu, Y.J., 2004. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in immunity. Nature immunology, 5 (12), 1219–1226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan, X.Z., et al., 2004. Decreased frequency and function of circulating plasmocytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in hepatitis B virus infected humans. Journal of clinical immunology, 24 (6), 637–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garris, C.S., and Luke, J.J., 2020. Dendritic cells, the T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy treatment response. Clinical cancer research: an official journal of the american association for cancer research, 26 (15), 3901–3907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehring, A.J., and Ann D'Angelo, J., 2015. Dissecting the dendritic cell controversy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Cellular and molecular immunology, 12 (3), 283–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmi, H., et al., 2000. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature, 408 (6813), 740–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda, K., et al., 2004. Role of a transductional-transcriptional processor complex involving MyD88 and IRF-7 in Toll-like receptor signaling. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 101 (43), 15416–15421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornung, V., et al., 2002. Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)), 168 (9), 4531–4537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, X.X., et al., 2007. Up-regulation of proproliferative genes and the ligand/receptor pair placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 in hepatitis C cirrhosis. Liver international : official journal of the international association for the study of the liver, 27 (7), 960–968., e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkmann, M., et al., 2003. Activation with CpG-A and CpG-B oligonucleotides reveals two distinct regulatory pathways of type I IFN synthesis in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)), 170 (9), 4465–4474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieg, A.M., 1999. CpG DNA: a novel immunomodulator. Trends in microbiology, 7 (2), 64–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieg, A.M., et al., 1995. CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature, 374 (6522), 546–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krug, A., et al., 2001. Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-αβ in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. European journal of immunology, 31 (7), 2154–2163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krug, A., et al., 2004. TLR9-dependent recognition of MCMV by IPC and DC generates coordinated cytokine responses that activate antiviral NK cell function. Immunity, 21 (1), 107–119., e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louhaichi, S., et al., 2020. Sputum IL-26 Is overexpressed in severe asthma and induces proinflammatory cytokine production and Th17 cell generation: a case-control study of women. Journal of asthma and allergy, 13, 95–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, R., Moore, P.A., and Pitha, P.M., 2002. Stimulation of IRF-7 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: requirement for NFkappa B transcription factor and gene accessibility. The journal of biological chemistry, 277 (19), 16592–16598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund, J., et al., 2003. Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The journal of experimental medicine, 198 (3), 513–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, H.R., et al., 2020. CircVCAN regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocyte through NF-κB signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 24 (12), 6517–6525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinet, J., et al., 2012. Altered functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and reduced cytolytic activity of natural killer cells in patients with chronic HBV infection. Gastroenterology, 143 (6), 1586–1588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayanankutty, A., Sasidharan, A., and Job, J.T., 2020. Targeting toll like receptors in cancer: role of TLR natural and synthetic modulators. Current pharmaceutical design, 20. doi:10.2174/1381612826666200720235058
   Google Scholar
• Osawa, Y., et al., 2006. Collaborative action of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK is involved in CpG DNA-induced IFN-alpha and chemokine production in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)), 177 (7), 4841–4852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirota, H., and Klinman, D.M., 2014. Recent progress concerning CpG DNA and its use as a vaccine adjuvant. Expert review of vaccines, 13 (2), 299–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparwasser, T., et al., 1997a. Bacterial DNA causes septic shock. Nature, 386 (6623), 336–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparwasser, T., et al., 1997b. Macrophages sense pathogens via DNA motifs: induction of tumor necrosis factor-a-mediated shock. European journal of immunology, 27 (7), 1671–1679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takauji, R., et al., 2002. CpG-DNA-induced IFN-α production involves p38 MAPK-dependent STAT1 phosphorylation in human plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors. Journal of leukocyte biology, 72 (5), 1011–1019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeshita, F., et al., 2001. Cutting Edge: role of toll-like receptor 9 in CpG DNA-induced activation of human cells. Journal of immunology, 167 (7), 3555–3558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi, T. and Takaoka, A., 2002. The interferon-αβ system in antiviral responses: a multimodal machinery of gene regulation by the IRF family of transcription factors. Current opinion in immunology, 14 (1), 111–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewary, P., et al., 2013. β-Defensin 2 and 3 promote the uptake of self or CpG DNA, enhance IFN-α production by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and promote inflammation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, MD.: 1950)), 191 (2), 865–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukamoto, Y., et al., 2020. N6-methylated adenine on the target sites of mamA from Mycobacterium bovis BCG enhances macrophage activation by CpG DNA in mice. Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)), 121, 101890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Untergasser, A., et al., 2006. Dendritic cells take up viral antigens but do not support the early steps of hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.).), 43 (3), 539–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, J.E., and Weiner, G.J., 2003. CpG DNA and cancer immunotherapy: orchestrating the antitumor immune response. Current opinion in oncology, 15 (6), 440–445.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu, N., et al., 2008. Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta pharmacologica sinica. , 29 (2), 239–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, S., et al., 2002. Discovery of immunostimulatory CpG-DNA and its application to tuberculosis vaccine development. Japanese journal of infectious diseases, 55 (2), 37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., et al., 2001. Intracellular signaling molecules activated by Epstein-Barr virus for induction of interferon regulatory factor 7. Journal of virology, 75 (24), 12393–12401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R., Hu, D.N., and Rosen, R., 2020. Beta-adrenergic agonist protects retinal pigment epithelium against hydroxycholoroquine toxicity via cAMP-PKA signal pathway. International journal of ophthalmology, 13 (4), 552–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, Y., et al., 2020. Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs in a CpG ODN-activated macrophage. Journal of immunology research, 2020, 1407654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar