Liquorice root extract and isoliquiritigenin attenuate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and damage in rats by regulating AMPK

References

• Abd El Azim, M.H.M., et al., 2016. Some biological effects of the phenolic content of Licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Global advanced research journal of agricultural science, 5, 088–093.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, U., Redgrave, T.G., and Oates, P.S., 2009. Effect of dietary fat to produce non-alcoholic fatty liver in the rat. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 24 (8), 1463–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Qahtani, W.H., et al., 2022. Isoliquiritigenin prevents Doxorubicin-induced hepatic damage in rats by upregulating and activating SIRT1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 146, 112594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzahrani, S., et al., 2020. Protective effect of isoliquiritigenin on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats: impact on Sirt-1/NFκB balance and NLRP3 expression. International immunopharmacology, 87, 106813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, S.P., et al., 2004. The transcriptional response to a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist includes increased expression of proteome maintenance genes. Journal of biological chemistry, 279 (50), 52390–52398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragno, M., et al., 2009. SREBP-1c in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by western-type high-fat diet plus fructose in rats. Free radical biology & medicine, 47 (7), 1067–1074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauchamp, G., et al., 2022. Treatment of hyperglycemia not associated with NAFLD improvement in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International journal of pediatrics and adolescent medicine, 9 (2), 83–88. doi:10.1016/j.ijpam.2021.02.007
   Google Scholar
• Bence, K.K. and Birnbaum, M.J., 2021. Metabolic drivers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Molecular metabolism, 50, 101143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benhamed, F., et al., 2012. The lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP dissociates hepatic steatosis from insulin resistance in mice and humans. The journal of clinical investigation, 122 (6), 2176–2194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bougarne, N., et al., 2018. Molecular actions of PPARα in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Endocrine reviews, 39 (5), 760–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, L., et al., 2016. Isoliquiritigenin protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through Nrf2 activation. Die pharmazie, 71 (7), 394–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carreres, L., et al., 2021. Modeling diet-induced NAFLD and NASH in rats: a comprehensive review. Biomedicines, 9 (4), 378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., Deng, X., and Xu, K., 2018. Increased expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 alleviates autophagic dysfunction in NAFLD. International journal of molecular medicine, 41 (4), 1877–1886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, S.H., Kim, Y.W., and Kim, S.G., 2010. AMPK-mediated GSK3beta inhibition by isoliquiritigenin contributes to protecting mitochondria against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress. Biochemical pharmacology, 79 (9), 1352–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, Y.J., et al., 2014. Protective effect of resveratrol derivatives on high-fat diet induced fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Archives of pharmacal research, 37 (9), 1169–1176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, E.A., Ford, R.J., and Steinberg, G.R., 2017. AMPK as a therapeutic target for treating metabolic diseases. Trends in endocrinology & metabolism, 28 (8), 545–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, C., et al., 2016. New insights into salvianolic acid A action: regulation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 and TXNIP/ChREBP pathways ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD in rats. Scientific reports, 6, 28734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, R.B., Bao, J., and Deng, C.X., 2017. Emerging roles of SIRT1 in fatty liver diseases. International journal of biological sciences, 13 (7), 852–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diniz, T.A., et al., 2021. Aerobic training improves NAFLD markers and insulin resistance through AMPK-PPAR-α signaling in obese mice. Life sciences, 266, 118868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, J.G., et al., 2011. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: update 2010: (published in Chinese on Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2010; 18:163-166). Journal of digestive diseases, 12 (1), 38–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferramosca, A., Di Giacomo, M., and Zara, V., 2017. Antioxidant dietary approach in treatment of fatty liver: new insights and updates. World journal of gastroenterology, 23 (23), 4146–4157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G.H., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. The journal of biological chemistry, 226 (1), 497–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.L., et al., 2018. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nature medicine, 24 (7), 908–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, D., et al., 2019. Genetic liver-specific AMPK activation protects against diet-induced obesity and NAFLD. Cell reports, 26 (1), 192–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaur, R., et al., 2014. In vivo anti-diabetic activity of derivatives of isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin. Phytomedicine, 21 (4), 415–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajiaghamohammadi, A.A., Ziaee, A., and Samimi, R., 2012. The efficacy of licorice root extract in decreasing transaminase activities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy research, 26 (9), 1381–1384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamad, G.M., et al., 2017. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Characteristics of Combination (Cassia fistula and Ocimum basilicum) Extract as Natural Preservative to Control & Prevent Food Contamination. Journal of food and nutrition research, 5 (10), 771–780. 10.12691/jfnr-5-10-8
   Google Scholar
• Hao, Y.R., et al., 2018. Suppression of NF-κB activation by PDLIM2 restrains hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation in high fat diet induced mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 503 (2), 564–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasanvand, A., et al., 2016. Anti-inflammatory effect of AMPK signaling pathway in rat model of diabetic neuropathy. Inflammopharmacology, 24 (5), 207–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda, H., et al., 2012. Glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin suppress the LPS sensor toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex signaling in a different manner. Journal of leukocyte biology, 91 (6), 967–976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton, J.D., Goldstein, J.L., and Brown, M.S., 2002. SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. The journal of clinical investigation, 109 (9), 1125–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, X., et al., 2020. Isoliquiritigenin prevents hyperglycemia-induced renal injuries by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1-dependent mechanism. Cell death & disease, 11 (12), 1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huo, H.Z., et al., 2011. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of licorice extract against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. International journal of molecular sciences, 12 (10), 6529–6543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahn, D., et al., 2019. Animal models of NAFLD from a hepatologist’s point of view. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 1865 (5), 943–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, E.H., et al., 2017. AMPK activation by liquiritigenin inhibited oxidative hepatic injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by nutrition deprivation as mediated with induction of farnesoid X receptor. European journal of nutrition, 56 (2), 635–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, J.C., et al., 2016. Hepatoprotective effect of licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, in alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. BMC Complementary and alternative medicine, 16, 19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, T.W., et al., 2018. Maresin 1 attenuates NAFLD by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress via AMPK-SERCA2b pathway. The journal of biological chemistry, 293 (11), 3981–3988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanda, T., et al., 2018. Apoptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. World journal of gastroenterology, 24 (25), 2661–2672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kataya, H.H., et al., 2011. Effect of licorice extract on the complications of diabetes nephropathy in rats. Drug and chemical toxicology, 34 (2), 101–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemper, J.K., Choi, S.E., and Kim, D.H., 2013. Sirtuin 1 deacetylase: a key regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Vitamins and hormones, 91, 385–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y.M., et al., 2010. Inhibition of liver X receptor-α-dependent hepatic steatosis by isoliquiritigenin, a licorice antioxidant flavonoid, as mediated by JNK1 inhibition. Free radical biology & medicine, 49 (11), 1722–1734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knebel, B., et al., 2012. Liver-specific expression of transcriptionally active SREBP-1c is associated with fatty liver and increased visceral fat mass. PLoS one, 7 (2), e31812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohjima, M., et al., 2008. SREBP-1c, regulated by the insulin and AMPK signaling pathways, plays a role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. International journal of molecular medicine, 21 (4), 507–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucera, O. and Cervinkova, Z., 2014. Experimental models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. World journal of gastroenterology, 20 (26), 8364–8376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kučera, O., et al., 2011. The effect of rat strain, diet composition and feeding period on the development of a nutritional model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Physiological research, 60 (2), 317–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasker, S., et al., 2019. High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in obese rats are ameliorated by yogurt supplementation. Scientific reports, 9 (1), 20026.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawler, J.F., Jr., et al., 1998. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates the maturation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 in human hepatocytes through the action of neutral sphingomyelinase. The journal of biological chemistry, 273 (9), 5053–5059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebeaupin, C., et al., 2018. Bax inhibitor-1 protects from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by limiting inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha signaling in mice. Hepatology, 68 (2), 515–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J.W., et al., 2012. AMPK activation with glabridin ameliorates adiposity and lipid dysregulation in obesity. Journal of lipid research, 53 (7), 1277–1286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y., Kwon, E.Y., and Choi, M.S., 2018. Dietary isoliquiritigenin at a low dose ameliorates insulin resistance and NAFLD in diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. International journal of molecular sciences, 19 (10), 3281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C.P., et al., 2014. Roles of Fas/Fasl, Bcl-2/Bax, and Caspase-8 in rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Genetics and molecular research, 13 (2), 3991–3999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., et al., 2020. Activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway contributes to protective effects of Salvianolic acid A against lipotoxicity in hepatocytes and NAFLD in mice. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 560905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y. and Zhou, J., 2017. Roles of silent information regulator 1-serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10-lipin 1 axis in the pathogenesis of alcohol fatty liver disease. Experimental biology and medicine, 242 (11), 1117–1125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, Y., et al., 2020. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates UUO-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting Mincle/Syk/NF-Kappa B signaling pathway. Drug design, development and therapy, 14, 1455–1468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber, C.S., et al., 2004. Model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 79 (3), 502–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden, A.G., et al., 2018. Interplay between ChREBP and SREBP-1c coordinates postprandial glycolysis and lipogenesis in livers of mice. Journal of lipid research, 59 (3), 475–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liss, K.H. and Finck, B.N., 2017. PPARs and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochimie, 136, 65–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q., et al., 2017. Isoliquiritigenin activates nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 to suppress the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and inhibits the NF-κB pathway in macrophages and in acute lung injury. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 1518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luci, C., et al., 2020. Chronic inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 597648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo, C., et al., 2014. The crosstalk between Nrf2 and AMPK signal pathways is important for the anti-inflammatory effect of berberine in LPS-stimulated macrophages and endotoxin-shocked mice. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 20 (4), 574–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagner, A., et al., 2016. Liver PPARα is crucial for whole-body fatty acid homeostasis and is protective against NAFLD. Gut, 65 (7), 1202–1214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moslehi, A. and Hamidi-Zad, Z., 2018. Role of SREBPs in liver diseases: a mini-review. Journal of clinical and translational hepatology, 6 (3), 332–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na, A.Y., et al., 2018. Protective effect of isoliquiritigenin against ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the SIRT1-AMPK pathway. Toxicological research, 34 (1), 23–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niture, S.K. and Jaiswal, A.K., 2012. Nrf2 protein up-regulates antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and prevents cellular apoptosis. The journal of biological chemistry, 287 (13), 9873–9886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, K.B. and Rizvi, S.I., 2009. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2 (5), 270–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiong, H., et al., 2021. Glycyrrhizin improves the pathogenesis of psoriasis partially through IL-17A and the SIRT1-STAT3 axis. BMC immunology, 22 (1), 34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramalingam, M., et al., 2018. Phytochemical and pharmacological role of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin from radix glycyrrhizae in human health and disease models. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 10, 348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Régnier, M., et al., 2020. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Pparα promotes NAFLD in the context of obesity. Scientific reports, 10 (1), 6489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Correa, E., et al., 2020. Biochemical and nutritional overview of diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats: what is the best choice? Nutrition & diabetes, 10 (1), 24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa, F.R., et al., 2016. Phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacity of tucum-do-cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart). Brazil’s native fruit. Nutrients, 8 (3), 110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roza, N.A., et al., 2016. Effect of long-term high-fat diet intake on peripheral insulin sensibility, blood pressure, and renal function in female rats. Food & nutrition research, 60 (1), 28536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruderman, N.B., et al., 2010. AMPK and SIRT1: a long-standing partnership? American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 298 (4), E751–E760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasidharan, S.R., et al., 2014. Ameliorative potential of Tamarindus indica on high fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. The scientific world journal, 2014, 507197.
   Google Scholar
• Scalbert, A., Johnson, I.T., and Saltmarsh, M., 2005. Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 81 (1), 215S–217S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekiya, M., et al., 2008. Oxidative stress induced lipid accumulation via SREBP1c activation in HepG2 cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 375 (4), 602–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shams, M.E., Al-Gayyar, M.M., and Barakat, E.A., 2011. Type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced hyperglycemia in patients with NAFLD and normal LFTs: relationship to lipid profile, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Scientia pharmaceutica, 79 (3), 623–634.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shang, J., et al., 2008. Resveratrol improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Acta pharmacologica sinica, 29 (6), 698–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatoor, A.S., Al Humayed, S., and Almohiy, H.M., 2021. Crataegus aronia prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by activating AMPK-induced suppression of SREBP1 and activation of PPARα. Journal of food biochemistry, 45 (11), e13945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatoor, A.S., Al Humayed, S., and Almohiy, H.M., 2022. Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed rats by suppressing microRNA-21 via transactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Journal of physiology and biochemistry, 78 (1), 151–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Z., et al., 2010. Involvement of adiponectin-SIRT1-AMPK signaling in the protective action of rosiglitazone against alcoholic fatty liver in mice. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 298 (3), G364–G374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, T., et al., 2020. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and treatment in traditional chinese medicine and western medicine. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2020, 8749564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimano, H. and Sato, R., 2017. SREBP-regulated lipid metabolism: convergent physiology - divergent pathophysiology. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 13 (12), 710–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B.K., et al., 2016. Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of AMPK. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 311 (4), E730–E740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, G.R. and Carling, D., 2019. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 18 (7), 527–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöppeler, S., et al., 2013. Gender and strain-specific differences in the development of steatosis in rats. Laboratory animals, 47 (1), 43–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strycharz, J., et al., 2018. SIRT1 as a therapeutic target in diabetic complications. Current medicinal chemistry, 25 (9), 1002–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumida, Y. and Yoneda, M., 2018. Current and future pharmacological therapies for NAFLD/NASH. Journal of gastroenterology, 53 (3), 362–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Y., et al., 2018. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates LPS-induced AKI by suppression of inflammation involving NF-κB pathway. American journal of translational research, 10 (12), 4141–4151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touati, S., et al., 2011. Exercise reverses metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 43 (3), 398–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrovolas, S., et al., 2019. The anti-inflammatory potential of diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the ATTICA study. Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 12, 1756284819858039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyeda, K. and Repa, J.J., 2006. Carbohydrate response element binding protein, ChREBP, a transcription factor coupling hepatic glucose utilization and lipid synthesis. Cell metabolism, 4 (2), 107–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitali, R., et al., 2015. Dipotassium glycyrrhizate via HMGB1 or AMPK signaling suppresses oxidative stress during intestinal inflammation. Biochemical pharmacology, 97 (3), 292–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.J. and Malhi, H., 2018. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Annals of internal medicine, 169 (9), ITC65–ITC80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., et al., 2013. Liquorice, a unique guide drug of traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its role in drug interactions. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 150 (3), 781–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., et al., 2008. Increased apoptosis in high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats is associated with c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and elevated proapoptotic Bax. The journal of nutrition, 138 (10), 1866–1871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K.H., et al., 2013. Diabetes and nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease: a pathogenic duo. Endocrine reviews, 34 (1), 84–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S.Y., et al., 2018. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid protects against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis through activation of the Sirt1/FXR signaling pathway. Acta pharmacologica sinica, 39 (12), 1865–1873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong, D., et al., 2018. Isoliquiritigenin alleviated the Ang II-induced hypertensive renal injury through suppressing inflammation cytokines and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 506 (1), 161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L., et al., 2020. The anti-diabetic activity of licorice, a widely used Chinese herb. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 263, 113216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, J., et al., 2016. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and genetic background. Gastroenterology research and practice, 2016, 2862173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, B., et al., 2020. Atorvastatin promotes AMPK signaling to protect against high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver in golden hamsters. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 19 (3), 2133–2142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., et al., 2021. Administration of isoliquiritigenin prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through a novel IQGAP2-CREB-SIRT1 axis. Phytotherapy research, 35 (7), 3898–3915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, M., et al., 2018. Isoliquiritigenin provides protection and attenuates oxidative stress-induced injuries via the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury. Neurochemical research, 43 (12), 2435–2445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., et al., 2013. Natural antioxidant-isoliquiritigenin ameliorates contractile dysfunction of hypoxic cardiomyocytes via AMPK signaling pathway. Mediators of inflammation, 2013, 390890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Z., et al., 2015. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates oxidative hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride with or without buthionine sulfoximine. Chemico-biological interactions, 225, 13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, Y., et al., 2006. High-fat emulsion-induced rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Life sciences, 79 (11), 1100–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, P., et al., 2019. Protective effect of isoliquiritigenin against cerebral injury in septic mice via attenuation of NF-κB. Inflammopharmacology, 27 (4), 809–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar