References
- Global Initiative for the Choronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (updated 2020). www.goldcopd.org.
- Lamprecht B, Soriano JB, Studnicka M, et al. BOLD Collaborative Research Group, the EPI-SCANTeam, the PLATINO Team, and the PREPOCOL Study Group. Determinants of underdiagnosis of COPD in national and international surveys. Chest. 2015;148(4):971–985.
- Diab N, Gershon AS, Sin DD, et al. Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1130–1139.
- Ho T, Cusack RP, Chaudhary N, et al. Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective. Breathe. 2019;15(1):24–35.
- Hangaard S, Helle T, Nielsen C, et al. Causes of misdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic scoping review. Respir Med. 2017;129:63–66.
- Jones RCM, Dickson-Spillmann M, Mather MJC, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic registers and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Devon Primary Care Audit. Respir Res. 2008;9:62.
- Price D, West D, Brusselle G, et al. Management of COPD in the UK primary-care setting: an analysis of real-life prescribing patterns. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:889–904.
- Stafyla E, Kotsiou OS, Deskata K, et al. Missed diagnosis and overtreatment of COPD among smoking primary care population in central Greece: old problems persist. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:487–498.
- Güder G, Brenner S, Angermann CE, et al. GOLD or lower limit of normal definition? A comparison with expert-based diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a prospective cohort-study. Respir Res. 2012;13(1):13.
- Tupper OD, Kjeldgaard P, Løkke A, et al. Predictors of COPD in symptomatic smokers and ex-smokers seen in primary care. Chron Respir Dis. 2018;15(4):393–399.
- Canals-Borrajo G, Martínez-Andión B, Cigüenza-Fuster ML, et al. Spirometry for detection of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. Eur J Gen Pract. 2010;16(4):215–221.
- Jagana R, Bartter T, Joshi M. Delay in diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: reasons and solutions. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2015;21(2):121–126.
- Johnson KM, Bryan S, Ghanbarian S, et al. Characterizing undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):26.
- Thomas ET, Glasziou P, Dobler CC. Use of the terms “overdiagnosis” and “misdiagnosis” in the COPD literature: a rapid review. Breathe (Sheff)). 2019;15(1):e8–e19.
- Arne M, Lisspers K, Ställberg B, et al. How often is diagnosis of COPD confirmed with spirometry? Respir Med. 2010;104(4):550–556.
- Heffler E, Crimi C, Mancuso S, et al. Misdiagnosis of asthma and COPD and underuse of spirometry in primary care unselected patients. Respir Med. 2018;142:48–52.
- Bloom CI, Elkin SL, Quint JK. Changes in COPD inhaler prescriptions in the United Kingdom, 2000 to 2016. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:279–287.