The re/production of a (white) people: confronting Italian nationalist populism as a gender and race issue

References

• Ahmed, Sara. 2004. Cultural Politics of Emotion. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, Sara. 2007. “A Phenomenology of Whiteness.” Feminist Theory 8 (2): 149–168. doi:10.1177/1464700107078139.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Benedict. 1991 [1983]. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Applebaum, Barbara. 2016. “Critical Whiteness Studies.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Accessed April 26, 2021. https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e–5
   Google Scholar
• Avagliano, Mario, and Marco Palmieri. 2013. Di pura razza italiana: L’Italia “ariana” di fronte alle leggi razziali. Milano: Baldini&Castoldi.
   Google Scholar
• Banti, Alberto Mario 2005. L’onore della Nazione: Identità sessuali e violenza nel nazionalismo europeo dal XVIII secolo alla Grande Guerra. Torino: Enaudi.
   Google Scholar
• Berlant, Laurent Gail 2000. Intimacy. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Centro Furio Jesi, ed. 1994. La menzogna della razza: Documenti e immagini del razzismo e dell’antisemitismo fascista. Bologna: Grafis.
   Google Scholar
• Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 2000. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee, Partha. 2004. The Politics of the Governed. Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• De Sousa Santos, Boaventura. 2007. “Beyond Abyssal Thinking: From Global Lines to Ecologies of Knowledges.” Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 30 (1): 45–89. doi:10.4324/9781315634876-14.
   Google Scholar
• Del Boca, Angelo. 1976. Gli italiani in Africa orientale. Vol. 1: Dall’unità alla marcia su Roma. Bari: Laterza.
   Google Scholar
• Del Boca, Angelo. 1979. Gli italiani in Africa orientale. Vol. 2: La conquista dell’Impero. Bari: Laterza.
   Google Scholar
• Del Boca, Angelo. 1982. Gli italiani in Africa orientale. Vol. 3: La caduta dell’Impero. Bari: Laterza.
   Google Scholar
• Del Boca, Angelo. 1984. Gli italiani in Africa orientale. Vol. 4: Nostalgia delle colonie. Bari: Laterza.
   Google Scholar
• Del Boca, Angelo. 2011. Italiani, Brava Gente? Vicenza: Neri Pozza.
   Google Scholar
• Donà, Alessia. 2020. “What’s Gender Got to Do with Populism?” European Journal of Women’s Studies 27 (3): 285–292. doi:10.1177/1350506820929222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dussel, Enrique. 1995. The Invention of the Americas: Eclipse of “The Other” and the Myth of Modernity. New York: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Federici, Silvia. 2004. Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia.
   Google Scholar
• Fiorino, Vinzia. 2006. “Una Storia Di Genere Maschile: Riflessioni Su Un Approccio Storiografico.” Contemporanea 9 (2): 381–390. doi:10.1409/22064.
   Google Scholar
• Gago, Veronica. 2020. Feminist International. How to Change Everything. Translated by Liz Mason-Deese. New York: Verso books.
   Google Scholar
• Gilroy, Paul. 1993. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Giuliani, Gaia, ed. 2013. “La sottile linea bianca. Intersezioni di Razza, Genere e Classe nell’Italia Postcoloniale.” Studi Culturali 10 (2): 253–267. doi:10.1405/74017.
   Google Scholar
• Giuliani, Gaia, ed. 2015a. “Mediterraneità e bianchezza. Il razzismo italiano tra fascismo e articolazioni contemporanee (1861–2015).” Iperstoria – Testi Letterature Linguaggi 6: 167–186. Cv-prod-id–1328260.
   Google Scholar
• Giuliani, Gaia, ed. 2015b. Il colore della nazione. Florence-Milan: Mondadori Education.
   Google Scholar
• Giuliani, Gaia, ed. 2019. Race, Nation and Gender in Modern Italy: Intersectional Representations in Visual Culture. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Giuliani, Gaia, and Christina Lombardi-Diop, eds. 2013. Bianco e nero: Storia dell’identità razziale degli italiani. Firenze: Mondadori Education.
   Google Scholar
• Gramsci, Antonio. 1975. Quaderni del carcere. Edited by Valentino Gerratana. Torino: Einaudi.
   Google Scholar
• Gramsci, Antonio. 2014. Alcuni temi della questione meridionale. Roma: Erreciedizioni.
   Google Scholar
• Green, Marcus E. 2009. “Subalternità, Questione Meridionale e Funzione Degli Intellettuali.” In Gramsci. Le culture e il mondo, edited by Giancarlo Schirru, 53–70. Roma: Viella.
   Google Scholar
• Groesfoguel, Ramón. 2013. “The Structure of Knowledge in Westernized Universities: Epistemic Racism/Sexism and the Four Genocides/Epistemicides of the Long 16th Century.” In Human Architecture. Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge. Vol. 11 (1), 73–90. doi:10.1057/9781137292896_2
   Google Scholar
• Guha, Ranajit. 1983. Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Guillaumin, Colette. 1992. Sexe, Race et Pratique du Pouvoir. Paris: Coté-femmes.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart. 1983. The Politics of Thatcherism. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart. 2016. Cultural Studies 1983. A Theoretical History. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Han, Byung-Chul. 2018. The Expulsion of the Other: Society, Perception and Communication Today. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haraway, Donna. 1988. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.” Feminist Studies 14 (3): 575–599. doi:10.2307/3178066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. 2017. Assembly. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, Camilla. 2021. “L’Italia Meticcia? The Black Mediterranean and the Racial Cartographies of Citizenship.” In Black Mediterranean. Bodies, Borders, Citizenship, edited by Gabriele Proglio et al., 169–198. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Laclau, Ernesto. 1977. Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory. London: New Left Books.
   Google Scholar
• Laclau, Ernesto. 2008. La ragione populista. (2005). Tr. It. Roma-Bari: Laternza.
   Google Scholar
• Lombroso, Cesare. 1862. In Calabria. Soveria Mannelli: Il Rubbettino.
   Google Scholar
• Lonzi, Carla. 1974. Scritti di Rivolta Femminile. Milano: Scritti di Rivolta Femminile.
   Google Scholar
• Lugones, Maria. 2016. “The Coloniality of Gender.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Development:Critical Engagements in Feminist Theory and Practice, edited by Wendy Harcourt, 1–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-38273-3_2.
   Google Scholar
• Masood, Ayesha, and Muhammad Azfar Nisar. 2019. “Speaking Out: A Postcolonial Critique of the Academic Discourse on Far-Right Populism.” Organization 27 (4): 162–173. doi:10.1177/1350508419828572.
   Google Scholar
• Massumi, Brian. 1995. “The Autonomy of Affect.” Cultural Critique 31 (2): 83–109. doi:10.1215/9780822383574-002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzini, Gian Luca 2002. Montanelli mi ha detto. Avventure, aneddoti, ricordi del più grande giornalista italiano. Rimini: Il Cerchio.
   Google Scholar
• Mellino, Miguel. 2013. Cittadinanze Postcoloniali: Appartenenze, Razza e Razzismo in Europa e in Italia. Roma: Carocci.
   Google Scholar
• Mezzadra, Sandro, and Brett Neilson. 2013. Borders as a Method, Or, the Multiplication of Labor. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, Charles. 2007. “White Ignorance.” In Race and Epistemologies of Ignorance, edited by Shannon Sullivan and Nancy Tuana, 11–38. Albany: SUNY Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190245412.003.0004.
   Google Scholar
• Mosse, George L. 1974. The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars through the Third Reich. New York: Howard Fertig.
   Google Scholar
• Niceforo, Alfredo. 1898. L’Italia Barbara contemporanea. Milano-Palermo: R. Sandron.
   Google Scholar
• Panico, Carla. 2018. “Feminizing Technopolitics. Leaderless Movements in Southern Europe, from 15M to Ni Una Menos.” Cescontexto – Debates 22: 107–119.
   Google Scholar
• Panico, Carla. 2020. “Da Tecnopolitíca À Tecnoafectividade (À Distância) Movimentos Sociais, Migrações E Feminismo Na Itália, Europa Do Sul, 2008–2020.” In Algoritarismos, edited by Jesús Sabariego, Augusto Jobim do Amaral, and Eduardo Baldissera Carvalho Salles, 551–570. São Paulo: Tirant LoBlanch.
   Google Scholar
• Pesarini, Angelica. 2017. “‘Blood Is Thicker than Water’: The Materialization of the Racial Body in Fascist East Africa.” Zapruder World: An International Journal for the History of Social Conflict 4. doi:10.21431/Z33S32.
   Google Scholar
• Pesarini, Angelica. 2019. “‘Africa’s Delivery Room’: Dynamics of Race, Gender and Migration in the Italian Political Discourse.” Paper presented at the British Institute of Florence, Florence, February 20.
   Google Scholar
• Pesarini, Angelica. 2020. “Bodies Crossing Borders. Negotiations of Race and Gender in Colonial and Fascist EastAfrica.” Rives Méditerranéennes 60: 21–38. doi:10.4000/rives.7272.
   Google Scholar
• Pesarini, Angelica, and Guido Tintori. 2020. “Mixed Identities in Italy: A Country in Denial.” In The Palgrave International Handbook of Mixed Racial and Ethnic Classification, edited by Zarine L Rocha and Peter J. Aspinall, 349–365. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22874-3_19.
   Google Scholar
• Petrovich Njegosh, Tatiana. 2012. Gli italiani sono bianchi? per uNa storia culturale della linea del colore in Italia. Verona: Ombre Corte.
   Google Scholar
• Piasere, Leonardo. 1991. Popoli delle discariche: Saggi di antropologia zingara. Roma: Cisu.
   Google Scholar
• Quijano, Aníbal. 1991. “Colonialidad y Modernidad/Racionalidad.” Peru Indigena 13 (29): 11–20. doi:10.1080/09502380601164353.
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, Djamila. 2017. O Que É Lugar De Fala? Belo Horizonte: Letramento.
   Google Scholar
• Sabelli, Sonia. 2012. “Sessualità, razza, classe e migrazioni nella costruzione dell’italianità.” In Percorsi di Genere: Letteratura, Filosofia, Studi postcoloniali, edited by Fortunato M. Cacciatore, Giuliana Mocchi, and Sandra Plastina, 139–156. Milano-Udine: Mimesis.
   Google Scholar
• Scego, Igiaba, ed. 2005. Pecore nere: Racconti. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
   Google Scholar
• Scego, Igiaba, ed. 2019. Future: Il Domani Narrato Dalle Voci di Oggi. Firenze: Effequ.
   Google Scholar
• Scully, Pamela. 1995. “Rape, Race, and Colonial Culture: The Sexual Politics of Identity in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony, South Africa.” The American Historical Review 100 (2): 335–359. doi:10.1086/ahr/100.2.335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shvanyukova, Polina. 2013. “150 Years of Italian Whiteness? Italian Writers Reflect on What White Italianness Means Today.” In Images of Whiteness, edited by Clarissa Behar and Anastasia Chung, 39–51. Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/9781848882225_005.
   Google Scholar
• Sorgoni, Barbara. 2002. “Racist Discourses and Practices in the Italian Empire under Fascism.” In The Politics of Recognizing Difference. Multiculturalism Italian-Style, edited by Ralph Grillo and Jeff Pratt, 41–58. Aldershot: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart-Steinberg, Suzanne. 2008. The Pinocchio Effect: On Making Italians, 1860–1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tronti, Mario. 1977. Sull’autonomia del politico. Milano: Feltrinelli.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, Eric. 1982. Europe and the People without History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zitara, Nicola. 1971. L’Unità d’Italia: Nascita di una colonia. Milano: Jaca Book.
   Google Scholar