Successful adaptation of gait in healthy older adults during dual-task treadmill walking

REFERENCES

• Abbud , G. C. , Li , K. Z. H. and DeMont , R. G. 2009 . Attentional requirements of walking according to the gait phase and onset of auditory stimuli . Gait Posture , 30 : 227 – 232 . doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.05.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abernethy , B. , Hanna , A. and Plooy , A. 2002 . The attentional demands of preferred and non-preferred gait patterns . Gait Posture , 15 : 256 – 265 . doi: 10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00195-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltes , P. B. and Baltes , M. M. 1990 . “ Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation ” . In Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences , Edited by: Baltes , P. B. and Baltes , M. M. 1 – 34 . New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bloem , B. R. , Valkenberg , V. V. , Slabbekoorn , M. and Willemsen , M. D. 2001 . The multiple tasks test: Development and normal strategies . Gait Posture , 14 : 191 – 202 . doi: 10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00141-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg , G. 1982 . Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short-term cycle exercise and their use in a new cycling strength test . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 3 ( 3 ) : 153 – 158 . doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1026080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs , R. C. , Gossman , M. R. , Birch , R. , Drews , J. E. and Shaddeau , S. A. 1989 . Balance performance among noninstitutionalized elderly women . Physical Therapy , 69 ( 9 ) : 748 – 756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , L. A. , Sleik , R. J. , Polych , M. A. and Gage , W. H. 2002 . Is the prioritization of postural control altered in conditions of postural threat in younger and older adults? . The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences , 57A ( 12 ) : M785 – M792 . doi: 10.1093/gerona/57.12.M785
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , D. , Turner , J. R. and Prasad , R. 1986 . The effects of level of difficulty of mental arithmetic challenge on heart rate and oxygen consumption . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 4 : 167 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doumas , M. , Smolders , C. and Krampe , R. T. 2008 . Task prioritization in aging: effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance . Experimental Brain Research , 187 ( 2 ) : 275 – 281 . doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1302-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser , S. A. , Li , K. Z. H. , DeMont , R. G. and Penhune , V. B. 2007 . Effects of balance status and age on muscle activation while walking under divided attention . The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 62B ( 3 ) : P171 – P178 .
   Google Scholar
• Freund , A. M. , Li , K. Z. H. and Baltes , P. B. 1999 . “ Successful development and aging: The role of selection, optimization, and compensation ” . In Action & self-development: Theory and research through the life-span , Edited by: Brandtstädter , J. and Lerner , R. M. 401 – 434 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Gage , W. H. , Sleik , R. J. , Polych , M. A. , McKenzie , N. C. and Brown , L. A. 2003 . The allocation of attention during locomotion is altered by anxiety . Experimental Brain Research , 150 ( 3 ) : 385 – 394 . doi: 10.1007/s00221-003-1468-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geary , D. C. , Hamson , C. O. , Chen , G.-P. , Liu , F. , Hoard , M. K. and Salthouse , T. A. 1997 . Computational and reasoning abilities in arithmetic: Cross-generational change in China and the United States . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 4 ( 3 ) : 425 – 430 . doi: 10.3758/BF03210805
   Google Scholar
• Guertin , P. A. 2009 . The mammalian central pattern generator for locomotion . Brain Research Reviews , 62 : 45 – 56 . doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada , T. , Miyai , I. , Suzuki , M. and Kubota , K. 2009 . Gait capacity affects cortical activation patterns related to speed control in the elderly . Experimental Brain Research , 193 ( 3 ) : 445 – 454 . doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1643-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hortobágyi , T. and DeVita , P. 2006 . Mechanisms responsible for the age-associated increase in coactivation of antagonist muscles . Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews , 34 : 29 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hortobágyi , T. , Finch , A. , Solnik , S. , Rider , P. and DeVita , P. 2011 . Association between muscle activation and metabolic cost of walking in young and old adults . Journal of Gerontology A: Biological Science and Medical Science , 66A ( 5 ) : 541 – 547 . doi: 10.1093/gerona/glr008
   Google Scholar
• Kahneman , D. 1973 . Attention and effort , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , V. E. , Janke , A. A. and Shumway-Cook , A. 2010 . Experimental Brain Research , 207 : 65 – 73 . doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2429-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajoie , Y. , Teasdale , N. , Bard , C. and Fleury , M. 1993 . Attentional demands for static and dynamic equilibrium . Experimental Brain Research , 97 : 139 – 44 . doi: 10.1007/BF00228824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajoie , Y. , Teasdale , N. , Bard , C. and Fleury , M. 1996 . Upright standing and gait: Are there changes in attentional requirements related to normal aging? . Experimental Aging Research , 22 ( 2 ) : 185 – 198 . doi: 10.1080/03610739608254006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , K. Z. H. , Lindenberger , U. , Freund , A. M. and Baltes , P. B. 2001 . Walking while memorizing: Age-related differences in compensatory behavior . Psychological Science , 12 ( 3 ) : 230 – 237 . doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , K. Z. H. , Krampe , R. T. and Bondar , A. 2005 . “ An ecological approach to studying aging and dual-task performance ” . In Cognitive limitations in aging and psychopathology: Attention, working memory, and executive functions , Edited by: Engle , R. W. , Sedek , G. , von Hecker , U. and McIntosh , D. N. 190 – 218 . New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lindenberger , U. , Marsiske , M. and Baltes , P. B. 2000 . Memorizing while walking: Increase in dual-task costs from young adulthood to old age . Psychology and Aging , 15 ( 3 ) : 417 – 436 . doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.15.3.417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lövdén , M. , Schaefer , S. , Pohlmeyer , A. E. and Lindenberger , U. 2008 . Walking variability and working-memory load in aging: A dual-process account relating cognitive control to motor control performance . The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 63B ( 3 ) : P121 – P128 .
   Google Scholar
• Oberauer , K. , Demmrich , A. , Mayr , U. and Kliegl , R. 2001 . Dissociating retention and access in working memory: An age-comparative study of mental arithmetic . Memory & Cognition , 29 ( 1 ) : 18 – 33 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redfern , M. S. , Müller , M. , Furman , J. and Jennings , J. R. 2005 . Postural prioritization defines the interaction between cognitive and postural task processes . Proceedings of the 28^th MidWinter Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology , 28 : 65 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , E. M. , Braun , B. and Hamill , J. 2010 . Does stride length influence metabolic cost and biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in obese women? . Clinical Biomechanics , 25 ( 5 ) : 438 – 443 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitz , A. , Silder , A. , Heiderscheit , B. , Mahoney , J. and Thelen , D. G. 2009 . Differences in lower-extremity muscular activation during walking between healthy older and young adults . Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology , 19 ( 6 ) : 1085 – 1091 . doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreen , O and Strauss , E. 1998 . A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stroop , J. R. 1935 . Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 18 ( 6 ) : 643 – 662 . doi: 10.1037/h0054651
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki , M. , Miyai , I. , Ono , T. , Oda , I. , Konishi , I. , Kochiyama , T. and Kubota , K. 2004 . Prefrontal and premotor cortices are involved in adapting walking and running speed on the treadmill: An optical imaging study . NeuroImage , 23 : 1020 – 1026 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verghese , J. , Kuslansky , G. , Holtzer , R. , Katz , M. , Xue , X. , Buschke , H. and Pahor , M. 2007 . Walking while talking: effect of task prioritization in the elderly . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 88 ( 1 ) : 50 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weschler , D. 1991 . Manual of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale–III , New York , NY : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Winter , D. A. 1992 . Foot trajectory in human gait: A precise and multifactorial motor control task . Physical Therapy , 72 ( 1 ) : 45 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woollacott , M. and Shumway-Cook , A. 2002 . Attention and the control of posture and gait: A review of an emerging area of research . Gait and Posture , 16 ( 1 ) : 1 – 14 . doi: 10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00156-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yogev-Seligmann , G. , Hausdorff , M. and Giladi , N. 2008 . The role of executive function and attention in gait . Movement Disorders , 23 ( 3 ) : 329 – 342 . doi: 10.1002/mds.21720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yogev-Seligmann , G. , Rotem-Galili , Y. , Mirelman , A. , Dickstein , R. , Giladi , N. and Hausdorff , J. M. 2010 . How does explicit prioritization alter walking during dual-task performance? Effects of age and sex on gait speed and variability . Physical Therapy , 90 ( 2 ) : 177 – 186 . doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar