Publication Cover
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
A Journal on Normal and Dysfunctional Development
Volume 31, 2024 - Issue 5
146
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

“I don’t know who you are”: anomia for people’s names in Alzheimer’s disease

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 956-986 | Received 21 Jul 2023, Accepted 05 Jan 2024, Published online: 13 Feb 2024

References

  • Abrams, L., & Davis, D. K. (2017). Competitors or teammates: How proper names influence each other. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416677804
  • Ahmed, S., Arnold, R., Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S., & Hodges, J. R. (2008). Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 44(6), 746–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2007.02.002
  • Alexopoulos, G. S., Abrams, R. C., Young, R. C., & Shamoian, C. A. (1988). Cornell scale for depression in dementia. Biological Psychiatry, 23(3), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(88)90038-8
  • Almeida, V. N., & Radanovic, M. (2022). Semantic processing and neurobiology in alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 174, 108337–108337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108337
  • Balthazar, M. L. F., Cendes, F., & Damasceno, B. P. (2008). Semantic error patterns on the Boston naming test in normal aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and mild Alzheimer’s disease: Is there semantic disruption? Neuropsychology, 22(6), 703–709. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012919
  • Barbarotto, R., Capitani, E., Jori, T., Laiacona, M., & Molinari, S. (1998). Picture naming and progression of Alzheimer’s disease: An analysis of error types. Neuropsychologia, 36(5), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00124-3
  • Ben-David, B. M., Erel, H., Goy, H., & Schneider, B. A. (2015). “Older is always better”: Age-related differences in vocabulary scores across 16 years. Psychology and Aging, 30(4), 856–862. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000051
  • Benoit, S., Rouleau, I., Langlois, R., Dostie, V., Kergoat, M.-J., & Joubert, S. (2017). The impact of time and repeated exposure on famous person knowledge in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 31(7), 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000387
  • Bizzozero, I., Lucchelli, F., Saetti, M. C., & Spinnler, H. (2007). “Whose face is this?”: Italian norms of naming celebrities. Neurological Sciences, 28(6), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-007-0845-6
  • Borg, C., Thomas-Antérion, C., Bogey, S., Davier, K., & Laurent, B. (2010). Visual imagery processing and knowledge of famous names in alzheimer’s disease and mci. Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 17(5), 603–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2010.481357
  • Brédart, S. (2017). The cognitive psychology and neuroscience of naming people. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 83, 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.008
  • Brédart, S. (2018). Which information helps resolve recall failures for familiar people’s names? Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 14(4), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0247-3
  • Brédart, S., Valentine, T., Calder, A., & Gassi, L. (1995). An interactive activation model of face naming. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 48(2), 466–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749508401400
  • Brédart, S., & Vanootighem, V. (2022). Middle-aged people’s perceptions of name recall failures. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0344-z
  • Brouillette, R. M., Martin, C. K., Correa, J. B., Davis, A. B., Han, H., Johnson, W. D., Foil, H. C., Hymel, A., & Keller, J. N. (2011). Memory for names test provides a useful confrontational naming task for aging and continuum of dementia. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 23(4), 665–671. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-101455
  • Brown, R., & McNeill, D. (1966). The “tip of the tongue” phenomenon. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5(4), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80040-3
  • Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986). Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77(3), 305–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x
  • Burke, D. M., Locantore, J. K., Austin, A. A., & Chae, B. (2004). Cherry pit primes Brad Pitt: Homophone priming effects on young and older adults’ production of proper names. Psychological Science, 15(3), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503004.x
  • Burke, D. M., MacKay, D. G., Worthley, J. S., & Wade, E. (1991). On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding failures in young and older adults? Journal of Memory and Language, 30(5), 542–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(91)90026-G
  • Burton, A. M., & Bruce, V. (1992). I recognize your face but I can’t remember your name: A simple explanation? British Journal of Psychology, 83(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02424.x
  • Burton, A. M., Bruce, V., & Johnston, R. A. (1990). Understanding face recognition with an interactive activation model. British Journal of Psychology, 81(3), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02367.x
  • Calabria, M., Sabio, A., Martin, C., Hernandez, M., Juncadella, M., Gascon-Bayarri, J., Rene, R., Ortiz-Gil, J., Ugas, L., & Costa, A. (2012). The missing link between faces and names: Evidence from alzheimer’s disease patients. Brain and Cognition, 80(2), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.07.002
  • Caramazza, A., & Hillis, A. E. (1990). Where do semantic errors come from? Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 26(1), 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80077-9
  • Catricalà, E., Della Rosa, P. A., Plebani, V., Perani, D., Garrard, P., & Cappa, S. F. (2015). Semantic feature degradation and naming performance. evidence from neurodegenerative disorders. Brain and Language, 147, 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2015.05.007
  • Cerbone, B., Massman, P. J., Woods, S. P., & York, M. K. (2020). Benefit of phonemic cueing on confrontation naming in alzheimer’s disease. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 34(2), 368–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1607904
  • Cohen, G. (1990). Why is it difficult to put names to faces? British Journal of Psychology, 81(3), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02362.x
  • Condret-Santi, V., Barbeau, E. J., Matharan, F., Le Goff, M., Dartigues, J.-F., & Amieva, H. (2013). Prevalence of word retrieval complaint and prediction of dementia in a population-based study of elderly subjects. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 35(5–6), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342594
  • Cuetos, F. (2003). Anomia: la dificultad para recordar las palabras [Anomia: The difficulty to recall words]. TEA.
  • Cuetos, F., González-Nosti, M., & Martínez, C. (2005). The picture‐naming task in the analysis of cognitive deterioration in alzheimer’s disease. Aphasiology, 19(6), 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030544000010
  • Cuetos, F., Rodríguez- Ferrero, J., & Martínez, C. (2003). Alteraciones de memoria en los inicios de la enfermedad de Alzheimer [Memory disorders in the first stages of Alzheimer´s disease]. Revista española de Neuropsicología, 5(1), 15–31.
  • Cuetos, F., Rodríguez-Ferreiro, J., & Menéndez, M. (2009). Semantic markers in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 28(3), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1159/000242438
  • Cuetos, F., Rodríguez‐Ferreiro, J., Sage, K., & Ellis, A. W. (2012). A fresh look at the predictors of naming accuracy and errors in alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neuropsychology, 6(2), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-6653.2011.02025.x
  • Cuetos, F., Rosci, C., Laiacona, M., & Capitani, E. (2008). Different variables predict anomia in different subjects: A longitudinal study of two alzheimer’s patients. Neuropsychologia, 46(1), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.011
  • Cuetos-Vega, F. (2001). ¿Por qué cometen errores semánticos los pacientes afásicos? [Why do the aphasic patients produce semantic errors?]. Revista de Neurologia, 32(10), 970–974. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.3210.2000181
  • Delazer, M., Semenza, C., Reiner, M., Hofer, R., & Benke, T. (2003). Anomia for people names in DAT—evidence for semantic and post-semantic impairments. Neuropsychologia, 41(12), 1593–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00116-7
  • Desai, R. H., Tadimeti, U., & Riccardi, N. (2023). Proper and common names in the semantic system. Brain Structure and Function, 228(1), 239–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02593-9
  • Dopkins, S., Kovner, R., Rich, J. B., & Brandt, J. (1997). Access to information about famous individuals in alzheimer’s disease. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 33(2), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70009-1
  • Estévez-González, A., García-Sánchez, C., Boltes, A., Otermín, P., Pascual-Sedano, B., Gironell, A., & Kulisevsky, J. (2004). Semantic knowledge of famous people in mild cognitive impairment and progression to alzheimer’s disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 17(3), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1159/000076355
  • Evrard, M. (2002). Ageing and lexical access to common and proper names in picture naming. Brain and Language, 81(1–3), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.2001.2515
  • Facal-Mayo, D., Juncos-Rabadán, O., Alvarez, M., Pereiro-Rozas, A. X., & Díaz-Fernández, F. (2006). Efectos del envejecimiento en el acceso al léxico. El fenómeno de la punta de la lengua ante los nombres propios [Aging effects on lexical access. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon on proper names]. Revista De Neurologia, 43(12), 719–723. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4312.2005662
  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
  • Gallant, M., Lavoie, M., Hudon, C., & Monetta, L. (2019). Analysis of naming errors in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 43(2), 95–108.
  • García, S., Cuetos, F., Novelli, A., & Martínez, C. (2021). Famous faces naming test predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 121(6), 1721–1727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-020-01483-3
  • Garrard, P., Ralph, M. A. L., Patterson, K., Pratt, K. H., & Hodges, J. R. (2005). Semantic feature knowledge and picture naming in dementia of Alzheimer’s type: A new approach. Brain and Language, 93(1), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2004.08.003
  • Gesierich, B., Jovicich, J., Riello, M., Adriani, M., Monti, A., Brentari, V., Robinson, S. D., Wilson, S. M., Fairhall, S. L., & Gorno-Tempini, M. L. (2012). Distinct neural substrates for semantic knowledge and naming in the temporoparietal network. Cerebral Cortex, 22(10), 2217–2226. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr286
  • González-Nosti, M., Cuetos, F., & Martinez, C. (2018). Oral and written naming in alzheimer’s disease: A longitudinal study. Current Alzheimer Research, 15(12), 1142–1150. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180813145402
  • Goodglass, H., Barresi, B., & Kaplan, E. (2005). Evaluación de la afasia y de los trastornos relacionados [Evaluation of aphasia and related disorders]. Editorial Médica Panamericana.
  • Greene, J. D. W., & Hodges, J. R. (1996). Identification of famous faces and famous names in early alzheimer’s disease. relationship to anterograde episodic and general semantic memory. Brain A Journal of Neurology, 119(1), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/119.1.111
  • Grima, R., & Franklin, S. (2017). Usefulness of investigating error profiles in diagnosis of naming impairments. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 52(2), 214–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12266
  • Hanley, J. R. (2011). Why are names of people associated with so many phonological retrieval failures? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(3), 612–617. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-011-0082-0
  • Hargis, M. B., Whatley, M. C., & Castel, A. D. (2020). Remembering proper names as a potential exception to the better-than-average effect in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 35(4), 497–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000472
  • Hodges, J. R., & Greene, J. D. W. (1998). Knowing about people and naming them: Can alzheimer’s disease patients do one without the other? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 51(1), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755753
  • Hodges, J. R., Salmon, D. P., & Butters, N. (1991). The nature of the naming deficit in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. Brain A Journal of Neurology, 114(4), 1547–1558. https://doi.org/10.1093/Brain/114.4.1547
  • Hodges, J. R., Salmon, D. P., & Butters, N. (1993). Recognition and naming of famous faces in alzheimer’s disease: A cognitive analysis. Neuropsychologia, 31(8), 775–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(93)90128-M
  • James, L. E. (2006). Specific effects of aging on proper name retrieval: Now you see them, now you don’t. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 61(3), P180–P183. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.3.P180
  • Joubert, S., Brambati, S. M., Ansado, J., Barbeau, E. J., Felician, O., Didic, M., Lacombe, J., Goldstein, R., Chayer, C., & Kergoat, M. J. (2010). The cognitive and neural expression of semantic memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment and early alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 48(4), 978–988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.019
  • Juncos-Rabadán, O., Facal, D., Lojo-Seoane, C., & Pereiro, A. X. (2013). Tip-of-the-tongue for proper names in non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 26(3), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2013.01.001
  • Juncos-Rabadan, O., Facal, D., Rodriguez, M. S., & Pereiro, A. (2010). Lexical knowledge and lexical retrieval in ageing: Insights from a tip-of-the-tongue (tot) study. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(10), 1301–1334. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690961003589484
  • Juncos-Rabadán, O., Rodríguez, N., Facal, D., Cuba, J., & Pereiro, A. X. (2011). Tip-of-the-tongue for proper names in mild cognitive impairment. Semantic or post-semantic impairments? Journal of Neurolinguistics, 24(6), 636–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2011.06.004
  • Kavé, G., Fridkin, S., Ayalon, L., Vigliecca, N. S., & Vigliecca, N. S. (2018). Demographic factors and retrieval of object and proper names after age 70. PLoS One , 13(1), e0191876. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191876
  • Kripke, S. (1980). Naming and necessity. Basil Blackwell.
  • LaBarge, E., Balota, D. A., Storandt, M., & Smith, D. S. (1992). An analysis of confrontation naming errors in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychology, 6(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.6.1.77
  • Lacombe, J., Jolicoeur, P., Grimault, S., Pineault, J., & Joubert, S. (2015). Neural changes associated with semantic processing in healthy aging despite intact behavioral performance. Brain and Language, 149, 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2015.07.003
  • Laisney, M., Giffard, B., Belliard, S., de la Sayette, V., Desgranges, B., & Eustache, F. (2011). When the zebra loses its stripes: Semantic priming in early alzheimer’s disease and semantic dementia. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 47(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.11.001
  • Lavallée, M. M., Gandini, D., Rouleau, I., Vallet, G. T., Joannette, M., Kergoat, M.-J., Busigny, T., Rossion, B., Joubert, S., & Caramelli, P. (2016). A qualitative impairment in face perception in alzheimer’s disease: Evidence from a reduced face inversion effect. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 51(4), 1225–1236. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-151027
  • Lima, D., Pinto, R., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2021). Recognition and naming test of the Portuguese population for national and international celebrities. Behavior Research Methods, 53(6), 2326–2337. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01572-y
  • Lin, C. Y., Chen, T. B., Lin, K. N., Yeh, Y. C., Chen, W. T., Wang, K. S., & Wang, P. N. (2014). Confrontation naming errors in alzheimer’s disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 37(1–2), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1159/000354359
  • Lobo, A., Ezquerra, J., Gómez Burgada, F., Sala, J. M., & Seva Díaz, A. (1979). El miniexamen, cognoscitivo (un “test” sencillo, práctico, para detectar alteraciones intelectuales en pacientes médicos) [The “Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo”: A simple and practical test to detect intellectual dysfunctions in medical patients]. Actas Luso-Espanolas De Neurologia, Psiquiatria Y Ciencias Afines, 7(3), 189–202.
  • Mack, W. J., Freed, D. M., Williams, B. W., & Henderson, V. W. (1992). Boston naming test: Shortened versions for use in alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Gerontology, 47(3), P154–P158. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/47.3.P154
  • Macoir, J., & Lavoie, M. (2021). Definitions: anomia. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 144, 212–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.09.001
  • Marful, A., Díez-Álamo, A. M., Plaza-Navas, S., Fernandez, A., & Howe, P. D. L. (2018). A normative study for photographs of celebrities in Spain. PLoS One , 13(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197554
  • McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., Mohs, R. C., Morris, J. C., Rossor, M. N., Scheltens, P., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., Weintraub, S., & Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the national institute on aging-alzheimer’s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7(3), 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005
  • Mondini, S., & Semenza, C. (2016). Cognitive reserve and ageing. What does cognitive reserve protect in ageing. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(2010), 2015–2017. https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2016.68.00041
  • Montembeault, M., Brambati, S. M., Joubert, S., Boukadi, M., Chapleau, M., Laforce, R. J., Wilson, M. A., Macoir, J., & Rouleau, I. (2017). Naming unique entities in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia and alzheimer’s disease: Towards a better understanding of the semantic impairment. Neuropsychologia, 95, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.009
  • Montemurro, S., Mondini, S., Crovace, C., & Jarema, G. (2019). Cognitive reserve and its effect in older adults on retrieval of proper names, logo names and common nouns. Frontiers in Communication, 4(14), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00014
  • Montemurro, S., Mondini, S., Nucci, M., & Semenza, C. (2018). Proper name retrieval in cognitive decline: the role of cognitive reserve. The Mental Lexicon, 13(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.18004.mon
  • Montemurro, S., Montefinese, M., Serena, M., Pucci, V., Mondini, S., & Semenza, C. (2023). The interactive support of cognitive reserve and semantic knowledge in proper name retrieval. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 38(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2022.2086275
  • Moreaud, O., David, D., Charnallet, A., & Pellat, J. (2001). Are semantic errors actually semantic?: Evidence from Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Language, 77(2), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.2000.2427
  • Moreaud, O., Simic, F., Carbonnel, S., Fluchairel, I., & Pellatl, J. (1996). Etude de la reconnaissance et dénomination des visages dans la démence de type Alzheimer [Study of face recognition and naming in dementia of the Alzheimer type]. Revue de neuropsychologie, 6(4), 505–523.
  • Ouyang, M., Cai, X., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Aging effects on phonological and semantic priming in the tip-of-the-tongue: Evidence from a two-step approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00338
  • Postma, M., & Goedhart, J. (2019). PlotsOfData—A web app for visualizing data together with their summaries. PLoS Biology, 17(3), e3000202. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000202
  • Purves, B., & Small, J. (2006). Responsiveness to phonemic cueing versus semantically related multiple-choice in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Language, 99(1–2), 55–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2006.06.037
  • Rami, L., Valls-Pedret, C., Bartrés-Faz, D., Caprile, C., Solé-Padullés, C., Castellví, M., Olives, J., Bosch, B., & Molinuevo, J. L. (2011). Cuestionario de reserva cognitiva. Valores obtenidos en población anciana sana y con enfermedad de Alzheimer [Cognitive reserve questionnaire. Scores obtained in a healthy elderly population and in one with Alzheimer’s disease]. Revista de Neurología, 52(4), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.5204.2010478
  • Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., de Leon, M. J., & Crook, T. (1982). The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(9), 1136–1139. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.139.9.1136
  • Scheltens, P., De Strooper, B., Kivipelto, M., Holstege, H., Chételat, G., Teunissen, C. E., Cummings, J., & Van der Flier, W. M. (2021). Alzheimer’s disease. The Lancet, 397(10284), 1577–1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32205-4
  • Semenza, C. (2006). Retrieval pathways for common and proper names. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 42(6), 884–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70432-5
  • Semenza, C. (2009). The neuropsychology of proper names. Mind & Language, 24(4), 347–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2009.01366.x
  • Semenza, C., Borgo, F., Mondini, S., Pasini, M., & Sgaramella, T. (2000). Proper names in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Cognition, 43(1–3), 384–7.
  • Semenza, C., Mondini, S., Borgo, F., Pasini, M., & Sgaramella, T. (2003). Proper names in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. Neurocase, 9(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1076/neur.9.1.63.14370
  • Semenza, C., & Zettin, M. (1989). Evidence from aphasia for the role of proper names as pure referring expressions. Nature, 342(6250), 678–679. https://doi.org/10.1038/342678a0
  • Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (1986). Geriatric depression scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health, 5(1–2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
  • Silagi, M. L., Bertolucci, P. H. F., & Ortiz, K. Z. (2015). Naming ability in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: What changes occur with the evolution of the disease? Clinics, 70(6), 423–428. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2015(06)07
  • Simón, T. (2012). Dificultades en el aprendizaje y recuperación de nombres propios en el envejecimiento [Difficulties in learning and retrieval of proper names in aging]. Revista de investigación en Logopedia, 2(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.5209/rlog.58700
  • Szatloczki, G., Hoffmann, I., Vincze, V., Kalman, J., & Pakaski, M. (2015). Speaking in alzheimer’s disease, is that an early sign? importance of changes in language abilities in alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7, 195–195. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00195
  • Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S., Patterson, K., Sahakian, B. J., & Hodges, J. R. (2002). Is knowledge of famous people disproportionately impaired with patients with early and questionable alzheimer’s disease? Neuropsychology, 16(3), 344–358. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.16.3.344
  • Valentine, T., Brennen, T., & Bredart, S. (1996). The cognitive psychology of proper names. Routledge.
  • Verma, M., & Howard, R. J. (2012). Semantic memory and language dysfunction in early alzheimer’s disease: A review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(12), 1209–1217. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3766
  • Vida, S., Des Rosiers, P., Carrier, L., & Gauthier, S. (1994). Depression in alzheimer’s disease: Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 7(3), 159–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/089198879400700306
  • Vogel, A., Gade, A., Stokholm, J., & Waldemar, G. (2005). Semantic memory impairment in the earliest phases of alzheimer’s disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 19(2–3), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000082352
  • Wambaugh, J. L., Linebaugh, C. W., Doyle, P. J., Martinez, A. L., Kalinyak-Fliszar, M., & Spencer, K. A. (2001). Effects of two cueing treatments on lexical retrieval in aphasic speakers with different levels of deficit. Aphasiology, 15(10–11), 933–950. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687040143000302
  • Weissgerber, T. L., Milic, N. M., Winham, S. J., & Garovic, V. D. (2015). Beyond bar and line graphs: Time for a new data presentation paradigm. PLoS Biology, 13(4), e1002128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002128
  • Werheid, K., & Clare, L. (2007). Are faces special in alzheimer’s disease? cognitive conceptualisation, neural correlates, and diagnostic relevance of impaired memory for faces and names. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 43(7), 898–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70689-0
  • Willers, I. F., Feldman, M. L., & Allegri, R. F. (2008). Subclinical naming errors in mild cognitive impairment: A semantic deficit? Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 2(3), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642009DN20300010
  • Yasuda, K., Beckmann, B., & Nakamura, T. (2000). Brain processing of proper names. Aphasiology, 14(11), 1067–1089. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030050174638

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.