A Comparison of Selected MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales in Assessing Effort on Cognitive Tests in a Military Sample

References

• Arbisi , PA and Ben-Porath , YS . 1995 . An MMPI-2 infrequent response scale for use with psychopathological populations: The infrequency psychopathology scale F(p) . Psychological Assessment , 7 : 425 – 431 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbisi , PA and Butcher , JN . 2004 . Failure of the FBS to predict malingering of somatic symptoms: Response to critiques by Greve and Bianchini and Lees-Haley and Fox . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 19 : 341 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby , RM , Nicholson , RA , Buis , T and Bacchiochi , JR . 2000 . Can the MMPI-2 validity scales detect depression feigned by experts? . Assessment , 7 : 55 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Porath , YS and Tellegen , A . 2008 . Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form: Manual for administration and scoring , Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , JN , Dahlstrom , WG , Graham , JR , Tellegen , A and Kaemmer , B . 1989 . Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for administration and scoring , Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J . 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, , 2nd , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Gervais, R. O. (2005, April). Development of an empirically derived response bias scale for the MMPI-2. Paper presented at the Annual MMPI-2 Symposium and Workshops, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
   Google Scholar
• Gervais , RO , Ben-Porath , Y , Wygant , D and Green , P . 2007 . Development and validation of a Response Bias Scale for the MMPI-2 . Assessment , 14 ( 2 ) : 196 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervais , RO , Ben-Porath , Y , Wygant , D and Green , P . 2008 . Differential sensitivity of the Response Bias Scale (RBS) and MMPI-2 Validity scales to memory complaints . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 3 : 1 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Gervais , RO , Ben-Porath , Y , Wygant , D , Green , P and Sellbom , M . 2010 . Incremental validity of the MMPI-2-RF over-reporting Scales and RBS in assessing the veracity of memory complaints . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 25 : 274 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervais, R. O., Wygant, D. B., Sellbom, M., & Ben-Porath, Y. (in press). Association between symptom validity test failure and scores on the MMPI-2-RF validity and substantive scales. Journal of Personality Assessment
   Google Scholar
• Green , P and Allen , L . 1997 . Memory Complaints Inventory , Durham, NC : Cognisyt, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Henry , GK , Heilbronner , RL , Mittenberg , W and Enders , C . 2006 . The Henry-Heilbronner Index: A 15 item empirically derived MMPI-2 subscale for identifying probable malingering in personal injury litigants and disability claims . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 20 : 786 – 797 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , GK , Heilbronner , RL , Mittenberg , W , Enders , C and Stanczak , SR . 2008 . Comparison of the Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale, Henry-Heilbronner Index, and restructured clinical scale 1 in identifying noncredible symptom reporting . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 22 : 919 – 929 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoge , CW , Castro , CA , Messer , SC , McGurk , D , Cotting , DI and Koffman , RL . 2004 . Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care . New England Journal of Medicine , 351 : 13 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoge , CW , McGurk , D , Thomas , JL , Cox , AL , Engel , CC and Castro , CA . 2008 . Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. soldiers returning from Iraq . The New England Journal of Medicine , 358 : 453 – 463 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrabee , GJ . 2003 . Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 17 : 410 – 425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees-Haley , PR , English , LT and Glenn , WJ . 1991 . A Fake Bad scale on the MMPI-2 for personal injury claimants . Psychological Reports , 68 : 203 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees-Haley , PR , Iverson , G , Lange , RT , Fox , DD and Allen , LM . 2002 . Malingering in forensic neuropsychology: Daubert and the MMPI-2 . Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology , 3 : 167 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , Patton , C , Canyock , EM and Condit , DC . 2002 . Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 24 : 1094 – 1102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , NW , Hoelzle , JB , Sweet , J , Arbisi , PA and Demakis , G . 2010 . Updated meta-analysis of the MMPI-2 Symptom Validity Scale (FBS): Verified utility in forensic practice . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 24 : 701 – 724 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , NW , Sweet , J and Demakis , G . 2006 . Meta-analysis of the MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale: Utility in forensic practice . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 20 : 39 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , NW , Sweet , J and Heilbronner , RL . 2007 . Examination of the new MMPI-2 Response Bias Scale relationship with MMPI-2 validity scales . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 29 ( 1 ) : 67 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okie , S . 2005 . Traumatic brain injury in the war zone . New England Journal of Medicine , 352 : 2043 – 2047 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrander , R , Weinfurt , KP , Yarnold , PR and August , GJ . 1998 . Diagnosing attention deficit disorder using the BASC and the CBCL: Test and construct validity analyses using optimal discriminate classification trees . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 66 : 660 – 672 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , R , Sewell , KW , Martin , MA and Vitacco , MJ . 2003 . Detection of feigned mental disorders: A meta-analysis of the MMPI-2 and malingering . Assessment , 10 : 160 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slick , DJ , Hopp , G , Strauss , E and Spellacy , FJ . 1996 . Victoria Symptom Validity Test: Efficiency for detecting feigned memory impairment and relationship to neuropsychological tests and MMPI-2 validity scales . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 18 : 911 – 922 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart , CM , Nelson , NW , Sweet , JJ , Bryant , FB , Berry , DTR Granacher , RP . 2008 . Use of MMPI-2 to predict cognitive effort: A hierarchically optimal classification tree analysis . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 14 : 842 – 852 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stump , N . 2007 . Brain injury education for the army . Neurology Today , 7 ( 16 ) : 15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen , A and Ben-Porath , YS . 2008 . Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form: Technical manual , Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tombaugh , TN . 1996 . Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) , New York : Multi-Health Systems Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Whitney , KA , Davis , JJ , Shepard , PH and Herman , SM . 2008 . Utility of the Response Bias Scale and other MMPI-2 validity scales in predicting TOMM performance . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 2 : 8 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Wygant, D. B., Anderson, J. L., Sellbom, M., Rapier, J. L., Allgeier, L. M., & Granacher, R. P. (2011). Association of the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) validity scales with structured malingering criteria. Psychological Injury and Law, 4, 13–23
   Google Scholar
• Wygant , DB , Ben-Porath , YS , Arbisi , PA , Berry , DT , Freeman , DB and Heilbronner , RL . 2009 . Examination of the MMPI-2 restructured form (MMPI-2-RF) validity scales in civil forensic settings: Findings from simulation and known group samples . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 24 : 671 – 680 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wygant , DB , Sellbom , M , Gervais , RO , Ben-Porath , YS , Stafford , KP Freeman , DB . 2010 . Further validation of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF Response Bias Scale: Findings from disability and criminal forensic settings . Psychological Assessment , 22 : 745 – 756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarnold , PR and Soltysik , RC . 2005 . Optimal data analysis: A guidebook with software for Windows , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Youngjohn , JR . 1995 . Confirmed attorney coaching prior to neuropsychological evaluation . Assessment , 2 : 279 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Youngjohn, J. R., Wershba, R., Stevenson, M., Sturgeon, J., & Thomas, M. L. (2011). Independent validation of the MMPI-2-RF somatic/cognitive and validity scales in TBI litigants tested for effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25, 463–476
   Google Scholar