Symptom Validity Indicators Embedded in the Controlled Oral Word Association Test

References

• Ardolf , BR , Denney , RL and Houston , CM . 2007 . Base rates of negative response bias and malingered neurocognitive dysfunction among criminal defendants referred for neuropsychological evaluation . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 21 : 899 – 916 . doi: 10.1080/13825580600966391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton , AL , Hamsher , K , de , S and Sivan , AB . 1994 . Multilingual Aphasia Examination , Iowa City : AJA Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Bianchini , KJ , Curtis , KL and Greve , KW . 2006 . Compensation and malingering in traumatic brain injury: A dose–response relationship? . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 20 : 831 – 847 . doi: 10.1080/13854040600875203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boone , KB . (Ed.). (2007). Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment. New York: The Guilford Press
   Google Scholar
• Borg , J , Holm , L , Cassidy , JD , Peloso , PM , Carroll , L von Holst , H . 2004 . Diagnostic procedures in mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury . Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 43 : 61 – 75 . doi: 10.1080/16501960410023822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan , AM and Gouvier , WD . 2006 . Are we honestly studying malingering? A profile and comparison of simulated and suspected malingerers . Applied Neuropsychology , 13 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush , SS , Ruff , RM , Tröster , AI , Barth , JT , Koffler , SP Pliskin , NH . 2005 . Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 20 : 419 – 426 . doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2005.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe , SF . 1998 . Decrease in performance on the verbal fluency test as a function of time: Evaluation in a young healthy sample . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 20 ( 3 ) : 391 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe , SF and Bittner , R . 2001 . The effect of word-finding difficulty on a test of verbal fluency in traumatically brain injured participants . Brain and Cognition , 47 : 323 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , KL , Greve , KW , Bianchini , KJ and Brennan , A . 2006 . California Verbal Learning Test indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Sensitivity and specificity in traumatic brain injury . Assessment , 13 : 46 – 61 . doi: 10.1177/1073191105285210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , KL , Thompson , LK , Greve , KW and Bianchini , KJ . 2008 . Verbal fluency indicators of malingering in traumatic brain injury: Classification accuracy in known groups . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 22 : 930 – 945 . doi: 10.1080/13854040701563591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve , KW , Ord , J , Bianchini , KJ and Curtis , KL . 2009 . Prevalence of malingering in patients with chronic pain referred for psychological evaluation in a medico-legal context . Archives of Psychical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 90 : 1117 – 1126 . doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.01.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve , KW , Ord , J , Curtis , KL , Bianchini , KJ and Brennan , A . 2008 . Detecting malingering in traumatic brain injury and chronic pain: A comparison of three forced-choice symptom validity tests . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 22 : 896 – 918 . doi: 10.1080/13854040701565208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines , ME and Norris , MP . 1995 . Detecting the malingering of cognitive deficits: An update . Neuropsychology Review , 5 ( 2 ) : 125 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines , ME and Norris , MP . 2001 . Comparing student and patient simulated malingerers’ performance on standard neuropsychological measures to detect feigned cognitive deficits . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 15 ( 2 ) : 171 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardin , JW and Hilbe , J . 2007 . Generalized linear model and extensions , College Station , TX : Stata Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoeting , JA , Madigan , D , Raftery , AE and Volinsky , CT . 1999 . Bayesian model averaging: A tutorial . Statistical Science , 14 : 382 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass , R and Raftery , AE . 1995 . Bayes factors . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 90 ( 430 ) : 773 – 795 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavé , G , Heled , E , Vakil , E and Agranov , E . 2011 . Which verbal fluency measure is most useful in demonstrating executive deficits after traumatic brain injury? . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 33 ( 3 ) : 358 – 365 . doi: 10.1080/13803395.2010.518703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrabee , GJ . 2003 . Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 17 : 410 – 425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrabee , GJ . (Ed.). (2007). Assessment of malingered neuropsychological deficits. New York: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Madigan , D and Raferty , AE . 1994 . Model selection and accounting for model uncertainty in graphical models using Occam's Window . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 89 : 1535 – 1546 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathias , CW , Greve , KW , Bianchini , KJ , Houston , RJ and Crouch , JA . 2002 . Detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction using the reliable digit span in traumatic brain injury . Assessment , 9 : 301 – 308 . doi: 10.1177/1073191102009003009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millis , S and Volinsky , C . 2001 . Assessment of response bias in mild head injury: Beyond malingering tests . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 23 ( 6 ) : 809 – 828 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , Aguila-Puentes , G , Patton , C , Canyock , EM and Heilbronner , RL . 2002 . Neuropsychological profiling of symptom exaggeration and malingering . Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology , 3 ( 1–2 ) : 227 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , Patton , C , Canyock , EM and Condit , DC . 2002 . Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 24 ( 8 ) : 1094 – 1102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , KJ , Rich , JB and Troyer , AK . 2006 . Verbal fluency patterns in amnestic mild cognitive impairment are characteristic of Alzheimer's type dementia . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 12 : 570 – 574 . doi: 10.10170S1355617706060590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutter-Upham , KE , Saykin , AJ , Rabin , LA , Roth , RM , Wishart , HA Pare , N . 2008 . Verbal fluency performance in amnestic MCI and older adults with cognitive complaints . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 23 : 229 – 241 . doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2008.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team . 2012 . R: A language and environment for statistical computing , Vienna : R Foundation for Statistical Computing .
   Google Scholar
• Ruff , MR , Iverson , GL , Barth , JT , Bush , SS , Broshek , DK and the NAN Policy Planning Committee . 2009 . Recommendations for diagnosing a mild traumatic brain injury: A National Academy of Neuropsychology education paper . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 24 : 3 – 10 . doi: 10.1093/arclin/acp006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff , RM , Light , RH and Parker , SB . 1996 . Controlled Oral Word Association Test: Reliability and updated norms . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 11 ( 4 ) : 329 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg , ND , Hanks , RA , Buchanan , L , Fichtenberg , N and Millis , SR . 2008 . Detecting response bias with performance patterns on an expanded version of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 22 ( 1 ) : 140 – 157 . doi: 10.1080/13854040601160597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slick , DJ , Sherman , EMS and Iverson , GL . 1999 . Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 13 ( 4 ) : 545 – 561 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp. 2011 . Stata Statistical Software: Release 12 , College Station , TX : StataCorp LP .
   Google Scholar
• Taler , V and Phillips , NA . 2008 . Language performance in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A comparative review . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 30 : 501 – 556 . doi: 10.1080/13803390701550128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traykov , L , Raoux , N , Latour , F , Gallo , L , Hanon , O Baudic , S . 2007 . Executive functions deficit in mild cognitive impairment . Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology , 20 : 219 – 224 . doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e31815e6254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer , AK , Moscovitch , M and Winocur , G . 1997 . Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: Evidence from younger and older healthy adults . Neuropsychology , 11 ( 1 ) : 138 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakzanis , KK , McDonald , K and Troyer , AK . 2011 . Component analysis of verbal fluency in patients with mild traumatic brain injury . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 33 : 785 – 792 . doi: 10.1080/13803395.2011.558496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar