References
- Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., Snyder, P. J., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., & Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 7(3), 270–279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008
- American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education, Joint Committee on Standards for Educational, & Psychological Testing (US). (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association.
- Ball, K., & Owsley, C. (1993). The useful field of view test: a new technique for evaluating age-related declines in visual function. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 64(1), 71–79.
- Bangen, K. J., Jak, A. J., Schiehser, D. M., Delano-Wood, L., Tuminello, E., Han, S. D., Delis, D. C., & Bondi, M. W. (2010). Complex activities of daily living vary by mild cognitive impairment subtype. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(4), 630–639. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617710000330
- Barrash, J., Stillman, A., Anderson, S. W., Uc, E. Y., Dawson, J. D., & Rizzo, M. (2010). Prediction of driving ability with neuropsychological tests: demographic adjustments diminish accuracy. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(4), 679–686. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617710000470
- Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289–300.
- Besser, L., Kukull, W., Knopman, D. S., Chui, H., Galasko, D., Weintraub, S., Jicha, G., Carlsson, C., Burns, J., Quinn, J., Sweet, R. A., Rascovsky, K., Teylan, M., Beekly, D., Thomas, G., Bollenbeck, M., Monsell, S., Mock, C., Zhou, X. H., … Morris, J. C. (2018). Version 3 of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 32(4), 351–358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000279
- Brigola, A. G., Alexandre, T., Inouye, K., Yassuda, M. S., Pavarini, S., & Mioshi, E. (2019). Limited formal education is strongly associated with lower cognitive status, functional disability and frailty status in older adults. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 13(2), 216–224. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-020011
- Craft, S., Newcomer, J., Kanne, S., Dagogo-Jack, S., Cryer, P., Sheline, Y., Luby, J., Dagogo-Jack, A., & Alderson, A. (1996). Memory improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 17(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(95)02002-0
- Delgado, C., Vergara, R. C., Martínez, M., Musa, G., Henríquez, F., & Slachevsky, A. (2019). Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease are the main determinants of functional impairment in advanced everyday activities. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 67(1), 381–392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180771
- Devora, P. V., Beevers, S., Kiselica, A. M., & Benge, J. F. (2020). Normative data for derived measures and discrepancy scores for the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 35(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz025
- Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. Guilford Press.
- Franzen, M. D., & Wilhelm, K. L. (1996). Conceptual foundations of ecological validity in neuropsychological assessment. In R. J. Sbordone & C. J. Long (Eds.), Ecological validity of neuropsychological testing (pp. 91–112). Gr Press/St Lucie Press, Inc.
- Garrett, S. L., Sawyer, P., Kennedy, R. E., McGuire, D., Simon, R. P., Strothers, H. S., 3rd,., & Allman, R. M. (2013). Racial and sex differences in associations between activities of daily living and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(12), 2174–2180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12543
- Gold, D. A. (2012). An examination of instrumental activities of daily living assessment in older adults and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(1), 11–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2011.614598
- Gollan, T. H., Weissberger, G. H., Runnqvist, E., Montoya, R. I., & Cera, C. M. (2012). Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: A multilingual naming test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(3), 594–615. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728911000332
- Hanfelt, J. J., Wuu, J., Sollinger, A. B., Greenaway, M. C., Lah, J. J., Levey, A. I., & Goldstein, F. C. (2011). An exploration of subgroups of mild cognitive impairment based on cognitive, neuropsychiatric and functional features: analysis of data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(11), 940–950. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820ee9d2
- Hird, M. A., Egeto, P., Fischer, C. E., Naglie, G., & Schweizer, T. A. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of on-road simulator and cognitive driving assessment in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 53(2), 713–729. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160276
- IBM Corp. (2020). IBM SPSS statistics for windows. IBM Corp.
- Insel, K., Morrow, D., Brewer, B., & Figueredo, A. (2006). Executive function, working memory, and medication adherence among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(2), P102–P107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.2.P102
- Ivanova, I., Salmon, D. P., & Gollan, T. H. (2013). The multilingual naming test in Alzheimer's disease: Clues to the origin of naming impairments. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(3), 272–283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617712001282
- Karantzoulis, S., & Galvin, J. E. (2011). Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other major forms of dementia. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(11), 1579–1591. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.11.155
- Kaufer, D. I., Cummings, J. L., Ketchel, P., Smith, V., MacMillan, A., Shelley, T., Lopez, O. L., & DeKosky, S. T. (2000). Validation of the NPI-Q, a brief clinical form of the neuropsychiatric inventory. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 12(2), 233–239. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.12.2.233
- Kiselica, A. M., & Benge, J. F. (2019). Quantitative and qualitative features of executive dysfunction in Frontotemporal and Alzheimer’s dementia. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2019.1652175
- Kiselica, A. M., Kaser, A., Webber, T. A., Small, B., & Benge, J. F. (2020). Development and preliminary validation of standardized regression-based change scores as measures of transitional cognitive decline. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 35(7), 1168–1181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa042
- Kiselica, A. M., Webber, T. A., & Benge, J. F. (2020a). The Uniform Data Set 3.0 neuropsychological battery: Factor structure, invariance testing, and demographically-adjusted factor score calculation. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 26(6), 576–586. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S135561772000003X
- Kiselica, A. M., Webber, T. A., & Benge, J. F. (2020b). Using multivariate base rates of low scores to understand early cognitive declines on the Uniform Data Set 3.0 neuropsychological battery. Neuropsychology, 34(6), 629–640. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000640
- Lenehan, M. E., Summers, M. J., Saunders, N. L., Summers, J. J., & Vickers, J. C. (2015). Relationship between education and age-related cognitive decline: A review of recent research. Psychogeriatrics, 15(2), 154–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12083
- Lindbergh, C. A., Dishman, R. K., & Miller, L. S. (2016). Functional disability in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review, 26(2), 129–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-016-9321-5
- Liu, L., Miguel Cruz, A., Ruptash, T., Barnard, S., & Juzwishin, D. (2017). Acceptance of global positioning system (GPS) technology among dementia clients and family caregivers. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 35(2), 99–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2016.1266724
- Marcotte, T. D., Scott, J. C., Kamat, R., & Heaton, R. K. (2009). Neuropsychology and the prediction of everyday functioning. In T. D. Marcotte & I. Grant (Eds.), Neuropsychology of everyday functioning (pp. 5–38). Guilford Press.
- Marshall, G. A., Rentz, D. M., Frey, M. T., Locascio, J. J., Johnson, K. A., & Sperling, R. A. (2011). Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 7(3), 300–308.
- Mcalister, C., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., & Lamb, R. (2016). Examination of variables that may affect the relationship between cognition and functional status in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Archives of clinical neuropsychology: the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 31(2), 123–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acv089
- McDonald, J. H. (2014). Confidence limits. In John H. McDonald (ed.) Handbook of biological statistics (3rd ed., pp. 115–120). Sparky House Publishing.
- McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., Mohs, R. C., Morris, J. C., Rossor, M. N., Scheltens, P., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., Weintraub, S., & Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 7(3), 263–269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005
- Mez, J., Cosentino, S., Brickman, A. M., Huey, E. D., Manly, J. J., & Mayeux, R. (2013). Faster cognitive and functional decline in dysexecutive versus amnestic Alzheimer’s subgroups: A longitudinal analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) database. PLoS One., 8(6), e65246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065246
- Mis, R., Devlin, K., Drabick, D., & Giovannetti, T. (2019). Heterogeneity of informant-reported functional performance in mild cognitive impairment: A latent profile analysis of the functional activities questionnaire. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 68(4), 1611–1624. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180975
- Moheb, N., Mendez, M. F., Kremen, S. A., & Teng, E. (2017). Executive dysfunction and behavioral symptoms are associated with deficits in instrumental activities of daily living in frontotemporal dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 43(1-2), 89–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000455119
- Myers, R. S., Ball, K. K., Kalina, T. D., Roth, D. L., & Goode, K. T. (2000). Relation of useful field of view and other screening tests to on-road driving performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 91(1), 279–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.91.1.279
- Nowrangi, M. A., Rosenberg, P. B., & Leoutsakos, J.-M S. (2016). Subtle changes in daily functioning predict conversion from normal to mild cognitive impairment or dementia: An analysis of the NACC database. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(12), 2009–2018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216000995
- Overdorp, E. J., Kessels, R. P. C., Claassen, J. A., & Oosterman, J. M. (2016). The combined effect of neuropsychological and neuropathological deficits on instrumental activities of daily living in older adults: A systematic review. Neuropsychology Review, 26(1), 92–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-015-9312-y
- Partington, J. E., & Leiter, R. G. (1949). Partington pathways test. Psychological Service Center Journal, 1, 11–20.
- Pastorek, N. J., Hannay, H. J., & Contant, C. S. (2004). Prediction of global outcome with acute neuropsychological testing following closed-head injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(6), 807–817. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617704106012
- Perneczky, R., Pohl, C., Sorg, C., Hartmann, J., Tosic, N., Grimmer, T., Heitele, S., & Kurz, A. (2006). Impairment of activities of daily living requiring memory or complex reasoning as part of the MCI syndrome. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1444
- Pfeffer, R. I., Kurosaki, T. T., Harrah, C. H., Jr, Chance, J. M., & Filos, S. (1982). Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. Journal of Gerontology, 37(3), 323–329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/37.3.323
- Possin, K. L., Laluz, V. R., Alcantar, O. Z., Miller, B. L., & Kramer, J. H. (2011). Distinct neuroanatomical substrates and cognitive mechanisms of figure copy performance in Alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia, 49(1), 43–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.026
- Royall, D. R., Lauterbach, E. C., Kaufer, D., Malloy, P., Coburn, K. L., & Black, K. J. (2007). The cognitive correlates of functional status: A review from the committee on research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 19(3), 249–265. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.2007.19.3.249
- Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103(3), 403–428. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403
- Salthouse, T. A. (2010). Selective review of cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(5), 754–760. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617710000706
- Saxton, J., Smith, P., & Boller, F. (1991). Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 237–255.
- Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (1986). Geriatric depression scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist, 5, 165–173.
- Sherod, M. G., Griffith, H. R., Copeland, J., Belue, K., Krzywanski, S., Zamrini, E. Y., Harrell, L. E., Clark, D. G., Brockington, J. C., Powers, R. E., & Marson, D. C. (2009). Neurocognitive predictors of financial capacity across the dementia spectrum: Normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15(2), 258–267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617709090365
- Shirk, S. D., Mitchell, M. B., Shaughnessy, L. W., Sherman, J. C., Locascio, J. J., Weintraub, S., & Atri, A. (2011). A web-based normative calculator for the Uniform Dataset (UDS) neuropsychological test battery. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 3(6), 32.
- Silverberg, N. D., & Millis, S. R. (2009). Impairment versus deficiency in neuropsychological assessment: Implications for ecological validity. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617708090139
- Tam, J. W., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2013). Event-based prospective memory and everyday forgetting in healthy older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35(3), 279–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2013.770823
- Teng, E., Becker, B. W., Woo, E., Knopman, D. S., Cummings, J. L., & Lu, P. H. (2010). Utility of the functional activities questionnaire for distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from very mild Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 24(4), 348–353. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181e2fc84
- Weintraub, S., Besser, L., Dodge, H. H., Teylan, M., Ferris, S., Goldstein, F. C., Giordani, B., Kramer, J., Loewenstein, D., Marson, D., Mungas, D., Salmon, D., Welsh-Bohmer, K., Zhou, X.-H., Shirk, S. D., Atri, A., Kukull, W. A., Phelps, C., & Morris, J. C. (2018). Version 3 of the Alzheimer Disease Centers' neuropsychological test battery in the Uniform Data Set (UDS). Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 32(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000223
- Weintraub, S., Salmon, D., Mercaldo, N., Ferris, S., Graff-Radford, N. R., Chui, H., Cummings, J., DeCarli, C., Foster, N. L., Galasko, D., Peskind, E., Dietrich, W., Beekly, D. L., Kukull, W. A., & Morris, J. C. (2009). The Alzheimer's Disease Centers' Uniform Data Set (UDS): The neuropsychologic test battery. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 23(2), 91–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0b013e318191c7dd