Optimization of the proportions of advantageous components in the hypolipidemic “bioequivalent substance system” of Jiang-Zhi-Ning and its mechanism of action

References

• Ahamad S, Bhat SA. 2022. Recent update on the development of PCSK9 inhibitors for hypercholesterolemia treatment. J Med Chem. 65(23):15513–15539. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen LB, Ren LB, Yan HF, Deng CQ. 2023. [Effect of dose compatibility of main chemical components from Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix on proliferation of VSMCs based on uniform design]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form. 29:143–151.
   Google Scholar
• Chen JX, Zhao HH, Ma XL, Han X, Luo LT, Wang LY, Han J, Liu B, Wang W. 2012. The effects of Jiang-Zhi-Ning and its main components on cholesterol metabolism. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012:928234. doi: 10.1155/2012/928234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JX, Zhao HH, Yang Y, Liu B, Ni J, Wang W. 2011. Lipid-lowering and antioxidant activities of Jiang-Zhi-Ning in traditional Chinese medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 134(3):919–930. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2020. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Vol I). Beijing: China Medical Science Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chui PC, Guan HP, Lehrke M, Lazar MA. 2005. PPARγ regulates adipocyte cholesterol metabolism via oxidized LDL receptor 1. J Clin Invest. 115(8):2244–2256. doi: 10.1172/JCI24130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efferth T, Koch E. 2011. Complex interactions between phytochemicals. The multi-target therapeutic concept of phytotherapy. Curr Drug Targets. 12(1):122–132. doi: 10.2174/138945011793591626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimad Dine TB, Abdelbasset H, Bouchra B, Tarik K, Hicham H, Younes FZ, Chakib A. 2020. Effect of Phoenix dactylifera seeds (dates) extract in Triton wr-1339 and high fat diet induced hyperlipidaemia in rats: a comparison with simvastatin. J Ethnopharmacol. 259:112961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Zhang MQ, Niu RX, Gu X, Hao EW, Hou XT, Deng JG, Bai G. 2021. The combination of cinnamaldehyde and kaempferol ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by enhancing lipid metabolism via AMPK activation. J Funct Foods. 83:104556. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao L, Zhou WJ, Ma YM, Wang YH. 2013. [Effects of ethanol extraction from Cassiae semen on leptin and NPY in hyperlipidemia rats]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form. 19:235–238.
   Google Scholar
• Gong DW, Li P, Zhu DL. 2007. [Research progress of adipocytokines]. J Diabetes. 15:637–638.
   Google Scholar
• Guo HF, Ning Y, Cheng G, Zan LS. 2019. [The effect of Krüppel-Like Factor 3 (KLF3) gene on bovine fat deposition]. Sci Agric Sin. 52:1272–1281.
   Google Scholar
• Hao PP, Jiang F, Cheng J, Ma LY, Zhang Y, Zhao YX. 2017. Traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular disease: evidence and potential mechanisms. J Am Coll Cardiol. 69(24):2952–2966. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang JF, Li XY, Huang XQ, Wu TT, Xu W, Wu SS. 2016. [Research on effective components compatibility of Alismatis Rhizoma resisting calcium oxalate calculus in vitro based on uniform design]. Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs. 47:4160–4165.
   Google Scholar
• Karalis V, Symillides M, Macheras P. 2012. Bioequivalence of highly variable drugs: a comparison of the newly proposed regulatory approaches by FDA and EMA. Pharm Res. 29(4):1066–1077. doi: 10.1007/s11095-011-0651-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok CY, Li C, Cheng HL, Ng YF, Chan TY, Kwan YW, Leung GPH, Lee SMY, Mok DKW, Yu PHF, et al. 2013. Cholesterol lowering and vascular protective effects of ethanolic extract of dried fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida, hawthorn (ShanZha), in diet-induced hypercholesterolaemic rat model. J Funct Foods. 5(3):1326–1335. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YT, Cai DK, Zhan XY, Zheng LY, Yang JM, Huang XJ, Huang DE, Chen YX, Gan HN. 2019. Lipid metabolism and inflammatory changes in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by triton wr-1339. J Guangdong Pharmaceut Univ. 35:793–797.
   Google Scholar
• Li MM, Huang XY, Liang QK, Li YX, Yan Y, Tian ZF, Qiu XQ, Zhang XW, Song Q, Li HF. 2017. [Effects and mechanisms of lotus leaf water extract on lipid metabolism of adult experimental obesity rats]. Chin J Physiol. 33:476–480.
   Google Scholar
• Li CH, Li X, Fang KY, Guo BJ. 2008. Effects of anthraquinones from Cassia obtusifolia L. on cholesterol biosynthesis in cells. J Clin Rehabil Tis Engin Res. 12:6593–6596.
   Google Scholar
• Lin Y, Vermeer MA, Trautwein EA. 2011. Triterpenic acids present in hawthorn lower plasma cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal ACAT activity in hamsters. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011:801272. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Liu C, Kou X, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhen N, Jiang J, Zhaxi P, Xue Z. 2022. Synergistic hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals: a Review. Foods. 11:2774. doi: 10.3390/foods11182774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Yang H, Long F, Hao H-P, Xu X, Liu Y, Shi X-W, Zhang D-D, Zheng H-C, Wen Q-Y, et al. 2014. Bioactive equivalence of combinatorial components identified in screening of an herbal medicine. Pharm Res. 31(7):1788–1800. doi: 10.1007/s11095-013-1283-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molpeceres V, Mauriz JL, Garcia-Mediavilla MV, Gonzalez P, Barrio JP, Gallego JG. 2007. Melatonin is able to reduce the apoptotic liver changes induced by aging via inhibition of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 62(7):687–695. doi: 10.1093/gerona/62.7.687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu CS, Chen CT, Chen LJ, Cheng KC, Yeh CH, Cheng JT. 2011. Decrease of blood lipids induced by Shan-Zha (fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida) is mainly related to an increase of PPAR α in liver of mice fed high-fat diet. Horm Metab Res. 43(9):625–630. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1283147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pei ZT, Oey NA, Zuidervaart MM, Jia ZZ, Li YY, Steinberg SJ, Smith KD, Watkins PA. 2003. The Acyl-CoA Synthetase “Bubblegum” (Lipidosin): further characterization and role in neuronal fatty acid-oxidation. J Biol Chem. 278(47):47070–47078. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M310075200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao M, Huang CY, Wu JJ, Wu HY, Wan XL, Zhou JW, Liu GS, Mei SQ, Peng XW. 2020. [Effect of porcine OLR1 gene on intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation]. Acta Agric Zhejiangensis. 32:2147–2153.
   Google Scholar
• Qing XD, Zeng D, Wang HS, Ni XQ, Lai J, Liu L, Khalique A, Pan KC, Jing B. 2018. Analysis of hepatic transcriptome demonstrates altered lipid metabolism following Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 prevention in chickens with subclinical necrotic enteritis. Lipids Health Dis. 17(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12944-018-0741-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenson RS, Burgess LJ, Ebenbichler CF, Baum SJ, Stroes ESG, Ali S, Khilla N, Hamlin R, Pordy R, Dong YP, et al. 2020. Evinacumab in patients with refractory hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 383(24):2307–2319. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schurr PE, Schultz JR, Parkinson TM. 1972. Triton-induced hyperlipidemia in rats as an animal model for screening hypolipidemic drugs. Lipids. 7(1):68–74. doi: 10.1007/BF02531272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakir A, Shintu M, Waqas AK, Kishor M. 2022. Development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Drug Discov Today. 27:1332–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg SJ, Morgenthaler J, Heinzer AK, Smith KD, Watkins PA. 2000. Very long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetases: human “Bubblegun” represents a new family of proteins capable of activating very long-chain fatty acids. J Biol Chem. 275(45):35162–35169. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M006403200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun DN, Wang QQ, Wang C, Liu CF, Liu WW, Lin N. 2015. [Expectorant and antitussive effects of combined administration of Trichosanthis fructus and Aconiti Radix Cocta based on uniform design]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form. 21:55–59.
   Google Scholar
• Wang YH, Gao L, Zhou WJ, Ma YM. 2014. [Effects of ethanol extraction from Cassiae semen on serum IL-6 and TNF-α in hyperlipidemia rats]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form. 20:178–181.
   Google Scholar
• Yusof HM, Sarah NML, Lam TW, Kassim MNI. 2018. Hypolipidemic effects of quercetin and kaempferol in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Int Food Res J. 25:241–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang QQ, Feng F. 2019. The effects of different varieties of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus on the potential toxicity of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction based on spectrum-toxicity correlation analysis. Molecules. 24: 4254. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang HJ, Liu YN, Wang M, Wang YF, Deng YR, Cui ML, Ren XL, Qi AD. 2015. One-pot β-cyclodextrin-assisted extraction of active ingredients from Xue-Zhi-Ning basing its encapsulated ability. Carbohydr Polym. 132:437–443. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Li LH, Zhang JH, Lin TF, Jiang YY, Lin B. 2021. Screening of hypolipidemic active components in Jiang-Zhi-Ning and its preliminary mechanism research based on "active contribution value" study. J Ethnopharmacol. 272:113926. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Wang SJ, Wang HS, Yang CF, Lai CC, Li MJ, Li X. 2019. [Study on the compatibility of effective components of Polygonum multiflorum on regulating cholesterol metabolism]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res. 30:37–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu JR, Gao RL, Zhao SP, Lu GP, Zhao D, Li JJ. 2016. Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults (2016 revision). Chin Circ J. 31:937–953.
   Google Scholar
• Zuo YM, Wu Q, Li X, Pan MX, Liu GQ, Pan W. 2017. [Determination of three constituents in Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata in plasma of atherosclerosis rats]. Chin Tradit Patent Med. 39:116–120.
   Google Scholar