Network pharmacology identification and in vivo validation of key pharmacological pathways of Qin Jiao for gout and arthritis

References

• Abhishek A, Roddy E, Doherty M. 2017. Gout - a guide for the general and acute physicians. Clin Med. 17(1):54–59. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-1-54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslam F, Michet C.Jr. 2017. My treatment approach to gout. Mayo Clin Proc. 92(8):1234–1247. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.05.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LY, Xu ZQ. 2007. Somatic embryogenesis pathway for plant regeneration in Qinjiao (Gentiana macrophylla Pall.). Fen Zi Xi Bao Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 40(4):267–271.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chhana A, Pool B, Wei Y, Choi A, Gao R, Munro J, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. 2019. Human cartilage homogenates influence the crystallization of monosodium urate and inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals: a potential link between osteoarthritis and gout. Arthritis Rheumatol. 71(12):2090–2099. doi: 10.1002/art.41038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choy EH, Panayi GS. 2001. Cytokine pathways and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 344(12):907–916. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200103223441207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coderre TJ, Wall PD. 1987. Ankle joint urate arthritis (AJUA) in rats: an alternative animal model of arthritis to that produced by Freund’s adjuvant. Pain. 28(3):379–393. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)90072-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahui Y, Ji X. 2013. Control effect of Da Qinjiao Tang with addition and subtraction on 30 cases of gouty arthritis. Chin J Public Health Eng. 12:437–+439. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Deng XH, Zhang X, Wang J, Ma PS, Ma L, Niu Y, Sun T, Zhou R, Yu JQ. 2017. Anticonvulsant effect of swertiamarin against pilocarpine-induced seizures in adult male mice. Neurochem Res. 42(11):3103–3113. doi: 10.1007/s11064-017-2347-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fei-Xia Y, Yu W, Peng-Fei X, Rui-Jing Y, Yu-Xia W, Jian Z, Qin F, Lei Z. 2020. [Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Gentianae macrophyllae adix and quality markers (Q-marker) prediction and analysis]. Chinese Trad Herbal Drugs. 51:2718–2731. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Feng Z, Zheng W, Li X, Lin J, Xie C, Li H, Cheng L, Wu A, Ni W. 2017. Cryptotanshinone protects against IL-1beta-induced inflammation in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes and ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 50:161–167. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo X, Jianhong C, Xianfeng W, Desheng M. 2018. [Therapeutic effect of qinjiao lisan oral liquid on mice with acute gouty arthritis model]. Herald Med. 37:6–7. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Hainer BL, Matheson E, Wilkes RT. 2014. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gout. Am Fam Physician. 90:831–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hairul-Islam MI, Saravanan S, Thirugnanasambantham K, Chellappandian M, Simon Durai Raj C, Karikalan K, Gabriel Paulraj M, Ignacimuthu S. 2017. Swertiamarin, a natural steroid, prevent bone erosion by modulating RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling. Int Immunopharmacol. 53:114–124. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han J, Xiao Q, Lin YH, Zheng ZZ, He ZD, Hu J, Chen LD. 2015. Neuroprotective effects of salidroside on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury involve the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. Neural Regen Res. 10(12):1989–1996. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.172317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han XL, Li JD, Wang WL, Yang C, Li ZY. 2017. Sweroside eradicated leukemia cells and attenuated pathogenic processes in mice by inducing apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 95:477–486. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang CY, Hsu TC, Kuo WW, Liou YF, Lee SD, Ju DT, Kuo CH, Tzang BS. 2015. The root extract of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. Alleviates cardiac apoptosis in lupus prone mice. PLOS One. 10(5):e0127440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang da W, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA. 2009. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc. 4(1):44–57. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2008.211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui M, Carr A, Cameron S, Davenport G, Doherty M, Forrester H, Jenkins W, Jordan KM, Mallen CD, McDonald TM, et al. 2017. The British society for rheumatology guideline for the management of gout. Rheumatology. 56(7):1246–1246. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex250.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jia N, Chu W, Li Y, Ding L, Duan J, Cui J, Cao S, Zhao C, Wu Y, Wen A. 2016. Iridoid glycosides from the flowers of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 189:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia W, Gang W, Liqin W, Tao W, Jiexiang T. 2015. [Experimental study on treating rheumatoid arthritis by QinJiao alcohol extracts]. Western J Trad Chinese Med. 28:11–14. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Kodithuwakku ND, Pan M, Zhu YL, Zhang YY, Feng YD, Fang WR, Li YM. 2013. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Chinese medicine SQ gout capsules and its modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines focusing on gout arthritis. J Ethnopharmacol. 150(3):1071–1079. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SJ, Hirsch JD, Terkeltaub R, Khanna D, Singh JA, Sarkin A, Kavanaugh A. 2009. Perceptions of disease and health-related quality of life among patients with gout. Rheumatology. 48(5):582–586. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li XX, Han M, Wang YY, Liu JP. 2013. Chinese herbal medicine for gout: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Clin Rheumatol. 32(7):943–959. doi: 10.1007/s10067-013-2274-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams MA, Maynard JW, Baer AN, Kottgen A, Clipp S, Coresh J, Gelber AC. 2011. Reliability and sensitivity of the self-report of physician-diagnosed gout in the campaign against cancer and heart disease and the atherosclerosis risk in the community cohorts. J Rheumatol. 38(1):135–141. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newberry SJ, FitzGerald JD, Motala A, Booth M, Maglione MA, Han D, Tariq A, O’Hanlon CE, Shanman R, Dudley W, et al. 2017. Diagnosis of gout: a systematic review in support of an american college of physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 166(1):27–36. doi: 10.7326/M16-0462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel N, Tyagi RK, Tandel N, Garg NK, Soni N. 2018. The molecular targets of swertiamarin and its derivatives confer anti- diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Curr Drug Targets. 19(16):1958–1967. doi: 10.2174/1389450119666180406113428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Abramson SB. 2001. Osteoarthritis, an inflammatory disease: potential implication for the selection of new therapeutic targets. Arthritis Rheum. 44(6):1237–1247. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200106)44:6<1237::AID-ART214>3.0.CO;2-F.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Ruiz F, Castillo E, Chinchilla SP, Herrero-Beites AM. 2014. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gout. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 40(2):193–206. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2014.01.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanan S, Islam VI, Babu NP, Pandikumar P, Thirugnanasambantham K, Chellappandian M, Raj CS, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. 2014. Swertiamarin attenuates inflammation mediators via modulating NF-kappaB/I kappaB and JAK2/STAT3 transcription factors in adjuvant induced arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci. 56:70–86. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheu MJ, Chiu CC, Yang DJ, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. 2017. The root extract of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. lleviates B19-NS1-exacerbated liver injuries in NZB/W F1 mice. J Med Food. 20(1):56–64. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H, Li L, Zhang A, Zhang N, Lv H, Sun W, Wang X. 2013. Protective effects of sweroside on human MG-63 cells and rat osteoblasts. Fitoterapia. 84:174–179. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.11.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidya HB, Goyal RK, Cheema SK. 2014. Acetylated and propionated derivatives of swertiamarin have anti-adipogenic effects. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 5(4):232–238. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.142429.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang R, Dong Z, Lan X, Liao Z, Chen M. 2019. Sweroside alleviated LPS-induced inflammation via SIRT1 mediating NF-kappaB and FOXO1 signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Molecules. 24(5):872. doi: 10.3390/molecules24050872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YM, Xu M, Wang D, Yang CR, Zeng Y, Zhang YJ. 2013. Anti-inflammatory compounds of "Qin-Jiao", the roots of Gentiana dahurica (Gentianaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 147(2):341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiangxiang G, Haifeng W, Hong Z. 2015. [Protective effects of Radix Gentianae macrophyllae pall alcohol extraction on acute gouty arthritis in rats]. Pharmacol Chinese Materia Med. 31:141–144. Chinese
   Google Scholar
• Xu J, Chen H, Deng X, Jiao Y, Guo Q, Zhang T, Jiang H, Xu H, Wang P, Liu C. 2022. Integrative pharmacology powers the detection of active components and mechanism underlying Wang Bi granules in rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 209:114468. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang QL, Yang F, Gong JT, Tang XW, Wang GY, Wang ZT, Yang L. 2016. Sweroside ameliorates alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice by regulating bile acids and suppressing pro-inflammatory responses. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 37(9):1218–1228. doi: 10.1038/aps.2016.86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yin B, Lv L, He J, Chen Z, Wen X, Qiao B, Sun W, et al. 2018. Protective effect of gentiopicroside from Gentiana macrophylla Pall. in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Phytother Res. 32(2):259–266. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youhan H, Jian Z, Tianxu L. 2013. Observation on the curative effect of Gentiana gentian in treating acute gouty arthritis. Acta Chinese Med Pharmacol. 41:115–116.
   Google Scholar
• Yu F, Yu F, Li R, Wang R. 2004. Inhibitory effects of the Gentiana macrophylla (Gentianaceae) extract on rheumatoid arthritis of rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 95(1):77–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu W, Zhi-Jian L, An-Zheng N, Bing Z. 2016. [Effect of renal transporter Glut9 on hyperuricemia in rats induced by fructose]. Chinese J Pathophysiol. 32:2287–2290 + 2299. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Wang CM, Jiang HJ, Tian XG, Li W, Liang W, Yang J, Zhong C, Chen Y, Li T. 2019. Protective effects of sweroside on IL-1beta-induced inflammation in rat articular chondrocytes through suppression of NF-kappaB and mTORC1 signaling pathway. Inflammation. 42(2):496–505. doi: 10.1007/s10753-018-0906-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Zhan G, Jin M, Zhang H, Dang J, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Ito Y. 2018. Botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and authentication of Radix Gentianae macrophyllae-a traditional medicine: a review. Phytomedicine. 46:142–163. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar