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Distortion of uncertainty in science: Antarctic fin whales in the 1950s

Pages 73-92 | Published online: 26 Nov 2008

References

  • Holt , S.J. March 1972 . Scientific advice to international organizations. , March , Santa Barbara : The Center for The Study of Democratic Institutions . Dialogue discussion paper, Unpublished
  • Heck , C. 1975 . Collective Arrangements for Managing Ocean Fisheries . Int'l Org. , 29 : 711 – 744 .
  • International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling with Schedule of Whaling Regulations, Dec. 2, 1946 . Stat. , 62 1716
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  • Tønneson , J.N. and Johnsen , A.O. 1982 . The History of Modern Whaling .
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  • Hylen , A. 1955 . The Age Composition of Antarctic Fin Whale Catches 1945146 to 1952/53 and Some Reflections on Total Mortality Rates of Fin Whales . The Norwegian Whaling Gazette , 44 ( 10 )
  • Ottestad , P. 1956 . On the Size of the Stock of Antarctic Fin Whales Relative to the Size of the Catch . The Norwegian Whaling Gazette , 44 ( 6 )
  • Mackintosh , N.A. and Brown , S.G. 1956 . Preliminary Estimates of the Southern Populations of the Larger Baleen Whales . The Norwegian Whaling Gazette , 45 ( 9 )
  • Drion , B.F. and Slijper , B.J. 1957 . Some Remarks on Our Present Knowledge of the Stock of Fin Whales in the Antarctic . (unpublished)
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  • National Academy of Sciences . 1992 . Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process . 1
  • Schweder , T. 2000 . Protecting whales by distorting uncertainty: non‐precautionary mismanagement? . Fisheries Res. ,
  • Butterworth , D.S. 1992 . Science and Sentimentality . Nature , 357
  • Schweder , T. and Hagen , G.S. 1999 . A Note on the Cost of Instability in Whale Management . J. Cetacean Res. & Mgt. , 1 (2) : 137 – 140 .

References

  • Andresen , S. and Østereng , W. , eds. 1989 . International Resource Management. , Belhaven Press .
  • Beverton , J.J.H. and Holt , S.J. 1957 . On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations . Fisheries Invest., London , 19 : 1 – 530 . Ser. 2
  • Butterworth , D.S. 1992 . Science and Sentimentality . Nature , 18 June : 357
  • Drion , B.F. and Slijper , B.J. 1957 . Some remarks on our present knowledge of the stock of fin whales in the Antarctic . Unpublished
  • FAO . 1995 . The Precautionary Approach in Fisheries , FAO Fisheries technical paper No. 350/1
  • Hammond, P.S. 1993. Letter to Dr R. Gambell dated 26 May.
  • Holt , S.J. March 1972 . Scientific advice to international organizations , March , Santa Barbara : The Center for The Study of Democratic Institutions . Dialogue discussion paper. Unpublished, 1972
  • Heck , C. 1975 . Collective Arrangements for Managing Ocean Fisheries . International Organization , 29 : 711 – 744 .
  • Hylen , A. , Jonsgård , A. , Pike , P. and Ruud , J.T. 1955 . The age composition of Antarctic fin whale catches 1945/46 to 1952/53 and some reflections on total mortality rates of fin whales , The Norwegian Whaling Gazette, 44, Nr. 10 Washington D.C. : International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. 1946 .
  • International Whaling Commission . 1950–1966 . Rep. int. Whal. Commn. , Annual reports
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  • Laws , R.M. Problems of Whale Conservation . Transactions of the Twenty‐Fifth North American Wildlife Conference . Washington : Wildlife Management Institute .
  • Mackintosh , N.A. 1959 . Biological problems in the regulation of whaling . The New Scientist , 5 : 1229 – 1231 .
  • Mackintosh , N.A. and Brown , S.G. 1956 . Estimates of the southern population of the larger baleen whales . International Whaling Commission , 1956, Records, Document 5
  • 1956 . “Preliminary Estimates of the Southern Populations of the Larger Baleen Whales” . The Norwegian Whaling Gazette , 45 ( 9 ) September
  • National Academy of Sciences . 1992 . Responsible Science; Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process , volume 1 , Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
  • Ottestad , P. 1956 . On the Size of the Stock of Antarctic Fin Whales relative to the size of the Catch . The Norwegian Whaling Gazette , 45 ( 6 )
  • Ruud , J. 1952 . Modern Whaling and its Prospects , FAO Fisheries Bulletin. No. 5
  • The Norwegian Whaling Gazette , 4l ( 12 )
  • Schweder , T. in press . Protecting whales by distorting uncertainty: non‐precautionary mismanagement? . Fisheries Research. ,
  • Schweder , T. and Hagen , G.S. 1999 . A note on the cost of instability in whale management . J. Cetacean Res. Manage. , 1 (2) : 137 – 140 .
  • Slijper , E.J. 1959 . Ten years of whale research . The Norwegian Whaling Gazette , 48 ( 3 ) : 117 – 129 .
  • Tønneson , J.N. and Johnsen , A.O. 1982 . The history of modern whaling , London : C. Hurst & Co. .
  • A pre‐runner of this paper was prepared while visiting the Secretariat of the International Whaling Commission (IWC). Thanks are due to Ray Gambell and Greg Donovan at the IWC, and to Steinar Andresen, Ray Beverton, Sidney Brown, Alf Håkon Hoel, Richard Laws, Lise Kjølsrød, Ed Miles, Nils Roll‐Hansen, Tim Smith, Richard Southwood, Oran Young and “Willy Østreng who all have read earlier versions of the paper and given me help and encouragement. The original version of the paper was presented to the Scientific Committee of the IWC as paper SC/44/013 in 1992: Intransigence, incompetence or political expediency? Dutch scientists in the International Whaling Commission in the 1950s: Injection of Uncertainty. Accompanied by a rebuttal from Sidney Holt, it is available from the secretariat of the IWC. A previous version of the paper, combined with material from Schweder (2000), was invited for submission to a reputed scientific journal in 1992, and was subsequently accepted for publication after peer review. Due to threats of libel suits against the publisher, it was, however, refused publication by the publisher.
  • Member of the IWC Scientific Committee; Professor of Statistics, University of Oslo, Box 1095 Blindem, 0317 Oslo 3, Norway, Tel.: 47–22855127, Fax: 47–22855035, e‐mail: [email protected].

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