Networked learning for agricultural extension: a framework for analysis and two cases

References

• Adams, P. 2006. “Exploring Social Constructivism: Theories and Practicalities.” Education 34 (3): 243–257.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, T. 2008. The Theory and Practice of Online Learning. Edmonton, Canada: Athabasca University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Banks, S., P. Goodyear, V. Hodgson, and D. McConnell. 2003. “Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in Research on Networked Learning.” Instructoinal Science 31 (1): 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, J. M. 2015. “Agricultural Big Data: Utilisation to Discover the Unknown and Instigate Practice Change.” Farm Policy Journal 12 (1): 43–50.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, J. M., and S. R. Cattle. 2013. “Adoption of Soil Health Improvement Strategies by Australian Farmers: I. Attitudes, Management and Extension Implications.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 19 (4): 407–428. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2013.775954.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, J. M., and S. R. Cattle. 2014. “Adoption of Soil Health Improvement Strategies by Australian Farmers: II. Impediments and Incentives.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 20 (1): 107–132. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2013.783494.
   Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. 1964. Exchange and Power in Social Life. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• boyd, d. m., and N. B. Ellison. 2007. “Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13 (1): 210–230.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, J., A. Galloway, and T. Sauter. 2015. “Hashtag as Hybrid Forum: The Case of # agchatoz.” In Hashtag Publics. The Power and Politics of Discursive Networks, edited by N. Rambukkana, 61–76. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, L., and P. Goodyear. 2014. The Architecture of Productive Learning Networks. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cole S. A., and A. N. Fernando. 2012. “The Value of Advice: Evidence from Mobile Phone-Based Agricultural Extension.” Working Paper 13-047, Harvard Business School, Harvard University. Retrieved from https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/10007889
   Google Scholar
• Cornelisse, S., J. Hyde, C. Raines, K. Kelley, D. Ollendyke, and J. Remcheck. 2011. “Entrepreneurial Extension Conducted via Social Media.” Journal of Extension 49 (6): 5–10.
   Google Scholar
• Dirckinck-Holmfeld L., C. Jones, and B. Lindström, eds. 2009. Analysing Networked Learning Practices in Higher Education and Continuing Professional Development (Technology Enhanced Learning Vol. 4). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Driver, R., H. Asoko, J. Leach, P. Scott, and E. Mortimer. 1994. “Constructing Scientific Knowledge in the Classroom.” Educational Researcher 23 (7): 5–12. doi: 10.3102/0013189X023007005
   Google Scholar
• Fosnot, C. T., and R. S. Perry. 1996. “Constructivism: A Psychological Theory of Learning.” In Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives, and Practice, edited by R. S. Perry, 8–38. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gelb, E., and A. Offer. 2005. ICT in Agriculture: Perspectives of Technological Innovation. E-book composed under the auspices of and supported by the European Federation for Information Technologies in Agriculture, Food and the Environment (EFITA) and the Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, S., L. Scott, D. H. Clements, and J. Sarama. 2005. “Instructor Influence on Reasoned Argument in Discussion Boards.” Educational Technology Research and Development 53 (2): 25–39. doi: 10.1007/BF02504864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, E., K. Karahalios, and C. Sandvig. 2010. “The Network in the Garden: Designing Social Media for Rural Life.” American Behavioral Scientist 53 (9): 1367–1388. doi: 10.1177/0002764210361690
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill, T., K. Jones, and T. Hammett. 2016. “Agricultural Education and Training System Capacity Development for Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of InnovATE.” Journal of Development and Communication Studies 4 (2): 401–415. doi: 10.4314/jdcs.v4i2.1
   Google Scholar
• Goodyear, P. 2001. “Psychological Foundations for Networked Learning.” In Networked Learning: Perspectives and Issues, edited by C. Jones and C. Steeple, 49–75. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Goodyear, P., S. Banks, V. Hodgson, and D. McConnell, eds. 2004. Advances in Research on Networked Learning. Vol. 4 of Computer supported collaborative learning book series. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Goodyear, P., and L. Carvalho. 2013. “The Analysis of Complex Learning Environments.” In Rethinking Pedagogy for a Digital Age: Designing for 21st Century Learning, edited by H. Beetham and R. Sharpe, 49–63. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Google & IPSOS. 2013. “ Our Mobile Planet Australia: Understanding the Mobile Consumer.” http://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/mobileplanet/en/downloads/.
   Google Scholar
• Gwandu, T., F. Mtambanengwe, P. Mapfumo, T. Mashavave, R. Chikowo, and H. Nezomba. 2014. “Factors Influencing Access to Integrated Soil Fertility Management Information and Knowledge and Its Uptake among Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 20 (1): 79–93. doi: 10.1080/1389224X.2012.757245
   Google Scholar
• Haug, R. 1999. “Some Leading Issues in International Agricultural Extension, a Literature Review.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 5 (4): 263–274. doi:10.1080/13892249985300061.
   Google Scholar
• Heeks, R. 2002. “Information Systems and Developing Countries: Failure, Success, and Local Improvisations.” The Information Society 18 (2): 101–112. doi: 10.1080/01972240290075039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Home, R., and N. Rump. 2015. “Evaluation of a Multi-case Participatory Action Research Project: The Case of SOLINSA.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 21 (1): 73–89. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2014.991112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, W., C. Birch, J. Coutts, and F. Vanclay. 2012. “The Many Turnings of Agricultural Extension in Australia.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 18 (1): 9–26. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2012.638780.
   Google Scholar
• Ison, R., N. Röling, and D. Watson. 2007. “Challenges to Science and Society in the Sustainable Management and Use of Water: Investigating the Role of Social Learning.” Environmental Science & Policy 10 (6): 499–511. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, M., K. Gutierrez, S. Livingstone, B. Penuel, J. Rhodes, K. Salen, and S. C. Watkins. 2013. Connected Learning: An Agenda for Research and Design. Digital Media and Learning Research Hub, Available from http://dmlhub.net/sites/default/files/ConnectedLearning_report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, B., C. Allan, and B. P. Wilson. 2009. “Soil Indicators and Their Use by Farmers in the Billabong Catchment, Southern New South Wales.” Australian Journal of Soil Research 47: 234–242. doi: 10.1071/SR08033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klerkx, L., and C. Leeuwis. 2008. “Matching Demand and Supply in the Agricultural Knowledge Infrastructure: Experiences with Innovation Intermediaries.” Food Policy 33 (3): 260–276. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2007.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeuwis, C. 2008. Communication for Rural Innovation: Rethinking Agricultural Extension. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.
   Google Scholar
• Leeuwis, C., and N. Aarts. 2011. “Rethinking Communication in Innovation Processes: Creating Space for Change in Complex Systems.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 17 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2011.536344.
   Google Scholar
• Lorsbach, A., and K. Tobin. 1992. “Constructivism as a Referent for Science Teaching.” NARST Newsletter 30: 5–7.
   Google Scholar
• Marton, F., and R. Saljo. 1976. “On Qualitative Differences in Learning: I-Outcome and Process.” Brittish Journal of Educational Psychology 46: 4–11. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02980.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKillop, R. F., and B. Howie. 2011. “Social Media in Agriculture: Its Opportunities and Pitfalls.” Agricultural Science 23 (2): 15–17.
   Google Scholar
• McLoughlin, D., and J. Mynard. 2009. “An Analysis of Higher Order Thinking in Online Discussions.” Innovations in Education and Teaching International 46 (2): 147–160. doi: 10.1080/14703290902843778
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moschitz, H., D. Roep, G. Brunori, and T. Tisenkopfs. 2015. “Learning and Innovation Networks for Sustainable Agriculture: Processes of Co-evolution, Joint Reflection and Facilitation.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 21 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2014.991111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen, J. 2010. “Trends in Investment in Agricultural R&D in Australia and Its Potential Contribution to Productivity.” Australasian Agribusiness Review 18: 18–29.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, N., D. Chittamuru, A. Jain, P. Dave, and T. S. Parikh. 2010. “ Avaaj Otalo: A Field Study of an Interactive Voice Forum for Small Farmers in Rural India.” Paper presented at the proceedings of the 2010 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Atlanta, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn, C. 2009. “Populating the LearnScape: eLearning as Strategy.” In Michael Allen’s eLearning Annual 2009, edited by M. Allen. Pfeiffer: San Francisco.
   Google Scholar
• Röling, N., and F. de Jong. 1998. “Learning: Shifting Paradigms in Education and Extension Studies.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 5 (3): 143–161. doi:10.1080/13892249885300281.
   Google Scholar
• Sanyang, S., S. J.-B. Taonda, J. Kuiseu, N. T. Coulibaly, and L. Konaté. 2016. “A Paradigm Shift in African Agricultural Research for Development: The Role of Innovation Platforms.” International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 14 (2): 187–213. doi: 10.1080/14735903.2015.1070065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scardamalia, M., and C. Bereiter. 1994. “Computer Support for Knowledge Building Communities.” The Journal of the Learning Sciences 3: 265–283. doi: 10.1207/s15327809jls0303_3
   Google Scholar
• Schusler, T. M., D. J. Decker, and M. J. Pfeffer. 2003. “Social Learning for Collaborative Natural Resource Management.” Society & Natural Resources 16 (4): 309–326. doi: 10.1080/08941920390178874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seger, J. 2011. “The New Digital [St]age: Barriers to the Adoption and Adaptation of New Technologies to Deliver Extension Programming and How to Address Them.” Journal of Extension 49 (1), Retrieved from http://www.joe.org/joe/2011february/a1.php.
   Google Scholar
• Shirky, C. 2010. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected age. Penguin, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Starasts, A. M. T. 2005. “ Battling the Knowledge Factor: A Study of Farmers’ Use of the Internet to Support Information Seeking, Learning and Knowledge Processes in Queensland.” Doctoral thesis, University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• Starasts, A. M. T. 2015. “Unearthing Farmers’ Information Seeking Contexts and Challenges in Digital, Local and Industry Environments.” Library and Information Science Research 37 (2): 156–163. doi: 10.1016/j.lisr.2015.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulaiman, V. R., A. Hall, N. Kalaivani, K. Dorai, and T. V. Reddy. 2012. “Necessary, but Not Sufficient: Critiquing the Role of Information and Communication Technology in Putting Knowledge into Use.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 18 (4): 331–346. doi: 10.1080/1389224X.2012.691782
   Google Scholar
• Veerman, A. L. 2000. “ Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Through Argumentation.” PhD, Wageningen University, Wageningen.
   Google Scholar
• Veldhuis-Diermanse, A. E., H. J. A. Biemans, M. Mulder, and H. Mahdizadeh. 2006. “Analysing Learning Processes and Quality of Knowledge Construction in Networked Learning.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 12 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1080/13892240600740894.
   Google Scholar
• Von Glasersfeld, E. 1995. Radical Constructivism: A Way of Knowing and Learning. London: The Falmer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. S. 1978. Mind and Society: The Development of Higher Mental Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar