Association between glycometabolic status in the acute phase and 2½ years after an acute coronary syndrome

References

• Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies in coronary patients from15 countries. Principal results from EUROASPIRE II Euro Heart Survey Programme.Eur Heart J. 2001;22:554–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenerz A, Lonnberg I, Berne C, Nilsson G, Leppert J. Myocardial infarction and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Is increased casual blood glucose at admission a reliable criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes?. Eur Heart J. 2001; 22: 1102–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norhammar A, Tenerz A, Nilsson G, Hamsten A, Efendic S, Ryden L, et al. Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: A prospective study. Lancet. 2002; 359: 2140–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg K, Yusuf S, Gerstein HC, Brown J, Zhao F, Hunt D, et al. Impact of diabetes on long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: Results of the OASIS (Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes) Registry. Circulation. 2000; 102: 1014–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norhammar A, Malmberg K, Diderholm E, Lagerqvist B, Lindahl B, Ryden L, et al. Diabetes mellitus: The major risk factor in unstable coronary artery disease even after consideration of the extent of coronary artery disease and benefits ofrevascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43: 585–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire DK, Newby LK, Bhapkar MV, Moliterno DJ, Hochman JS, Klein WW, et al. Association of diabetes mellitus and glycemic control strategies with clinical outcomes after acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J. 2004; 147: 246–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suleiman M, Hammerman H, Boulos M, Kapeliovich MR, Suleiman A, Agmon Y, et al. Fasting glucose is an importantindependent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A prospective study. Circulation. 2005; 111: 754–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: A systematic overview. Lancet. 2000; 355: 773–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahab NN, Cowden EA, Pearce NJ, Gardner MJ, Merry H, Cox JL. ICONSInvestigators. Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardialinfarction in the thrombolytic era?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 40: 1748–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foo K, Cooper J, Deaner A, Knight C, Suliman A, Ranjadayalan K, et al. A single serum glucose measurement predicts adverse outcomes across the whole rangeof acute coronary syndromes. Heart. 2003; 89: 512–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswald GA, Smith CC, Betteridge DJ, Yudkin JS. Determinants and importance of stress hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 293: 917–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zavaroni I, Bonini L, Gasparini P, Barilli AL, Zuccarelli A, Dall'Aglio E, et al. Hyperinsulinemia in a normal population as a predictor of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease: The Barilla factory revisited. Metabolism. 1999; 48: 989–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S, Herlitz J, Nicol P, Waldenstrom A, et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardialinfarction (DIGAMI study): Effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995; 26: 57–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenerz A, Norhammar A, Silveira A, Hamsten A, Nilsson G, Ryden L, et al. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction without previously known diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 2770–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Meigs JB, Rifai N, Buring JE, Liu S, et al. Insulin,proinsulin, proinsulin:insulin ratio, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitusin women. Am J Med. 2003; 114: 438–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perers E, Caidahl K, Herlitz J, Sjolin M, Karlson BW, Karlsson T, et al. Spectrum of acute coronary syndromes: History and clinical presentation in relation to sex and age. Cardiology. 2004; 102: 67–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett RW, D'Orazio P, Fogh-Andersen N, Kuwa K, Kulpmann WR, Larsson L, et al. IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose. Clin Chim Acta. 2001; 307: 205–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998; 15: 539–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenerz A, Nilsson G, Forberg R, Ohrvik J, Malmberg K, Berne C, et al. Basal glucometabolic status has an impact on long-term prognosis following an acutemyocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients. J Intern Med. 2003; 254: 494–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartnik M, Ryden L, Ferrari R, Malmberg K, Pyorala K, Simoons M, et al. Euro Heart Survey Investigators. The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25: 1880–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The DECODE-study group, European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Is fasting glucose sufficient to define diabetes? Epidemiological data from 20 European studies. Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis of Diagnostic Criteria in Europe. Diabetologia. 1999; 42: 647–54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Care. 1997;20:1183–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, Ryden L. Glycometabolic state at admission:Important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetesmellitus and acute myocardial infarction. Long-term results from the Diabetes andInsulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study. Circulation. 1999; 99: 2626–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar