Insulin resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass in the elderly patient

References

• van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1359–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norhammar A, Tenerz A, Nilsson G, Hamsten A, Efendic S, Ryden L, et al. Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: A prospective study. Lancet. 2002; 359: 2140–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartnik M, Ryden L, Ferrari R, Malmberg K, Pyorala K, Simoons M, et al. The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25: 1880–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zethelius B, Hales CN, Lithell HO, Berne C. Insulin resistance, impaired early insulin response, and insulin propeptides as predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes: A population-based, 7-year follow-up study in 70-year-old men. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 1433–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrer M, Fulcher G, Albers CJ, Neil HA, Adams PC, Alberti KG. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery are at high risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus during the first postoperative year. Metabolism. 1995; 44: 1016–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen M, Halter JB, Porte D, Jr. The role of dietary carbohydrate in the decreased glucose tolerance of the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987; 35: 417–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter EA. Insulin resistance in burns and trauma. Nutr Rev. 1998; 56: S170–S176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ljungqvist O, Thorell A, Gutniak M, Haggmark T, Efendic S. Glucose infusion instead of preoperative fasting reduces postoperative insulin resistance. J Am Coll Surg. 1994; 178: 329–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandi LS, Frediani M, Oleggini M, Mosca F, Cerri M, Boni C, et al. Insulin resistance after surgery: Normalization by insulin treatment. Clin Sci (Colch) 1990; 79: 443–50
   Google Scholar
• Hebuterne X, Bermon S, Schneider SM. Ageing and muscle: The effects of malnutrition, re-nutrition, and physical exercise. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001; 4: 295–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watters, JM, Clancey, SM, Moulton, SB, Briere, KM, Zhu, JM. Impaired recovery of strength in older patients after major abdominal surgery. Ann Surg. 1993;218:380–90, Discussion 90–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soop M, Nygren J, Myrenfors P, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates immediate postoperative insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 280: E576–E583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nygren J, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Brismar K, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O, Bang P. Insulin infusion increases levels of free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 proteolytic activity in patients after surgery. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 281: E736–41
   Google Scholar
• Strommer L, Isaksson B, Wickbom M, Arnelo U, Ostenson C, Herrington M, et al. Effect of carbohydrate feeding on insulin action in skeletal muscle after surgical trauma in the rat. Nutrition. 2001; 17: 332–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stridsberg M, Hellman U, Wilander E, Lundqvist G, Hellsing K, Oberg K. Fragments of chromogranin A are present in the urine of patients with carcinoid tumours: Development of a specific radioimmunoassay for chromogranin A and its fragments. J Endocrinol. 1993; 139: 329–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985; 28: 412–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR. Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 1487–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen MG, Hessov I, Dela F, Hansen HV, Haraldsted V, Rodt SA. Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrates and peptides on postoperative endocrine response, mobilization, nutrition and muscle function in abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003; 47: 191–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekiguchi M, Kurabayashi M, Adachi H, Hoshizaki H, Oshima S, Taniguchi K. Usefulness of insulin resistance measured by homeostasis model assessment in predicting restenosis after coronary stent placement in nondiabetic patients. Am J Cardiol. 2004; 93: 920–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley AJ, Williams K, Stern MP, Haffner SM. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in relation to the incidence of cardiovascular disease: The San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25: 1177–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietersen HG, Langenberg CJ, Geskes G, Kester A, de Lange S, Van der Vusse GJ, et al. Myocardial substrate uptake and oxidation during and after routine cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999; 118: 71–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depre C, Vanoverschelde JL, Taegtmeyer H. Glucose for the heart. Circulation. 1999; 99: 578–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehot JJ, Piriz H, Villard J, Cohen R, Guidollet J. Glucose homeostasis. Comparison between hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest. 1992; 102: 106–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaney MA, Nikolov MP, Blakeman BP, Bakhos M. Attempting to maintain normoglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass with insulin may initiate postoperative hypoglycemia. Anesth Analg. 1999; 89: 1091–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nygren J, Thorell A, Jacobsson H, Larsson S, Schnell PO, Hylen L, et al. Preoperative gastric emptying. Effects of anxiety and oral carbohydrate administration. Ann Surg. 1995; 222: 728–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado-Aros S, Camilleri M, Cremonini F, Ferber I, Stephens D, Burton DD. Contributions of gastric volumes and gastric emptying to meal size and postmeal symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: 1685–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schvarcz E, Palmer M, Aman J, Horowitz M, Stridsberg M, Berne C. Physiological hyperglycemia slows gastric emptying in normal subjects and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology. 1997; 113: 60–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenkman Z, Shir Y, Weiss YG, Bleiberg B, Gross D. The effects of cardiac surgery on early and late pulmonary functions. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997; 41: 1193–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather KJ, Hunt AE, Steinberg HO, Paradisi G, Hook G, Katz A, et al. Repeatability characteristics of simple indices of insulin resistance: Implications for research applications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86: 5457–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorell A, Nygren J, Ljungqvist O. Insulin resistance: A marker of surgical stress [In Process Citation]. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999; 2: 69–78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar