E/a′ ratio is closely related to pulmonary vein flow profile in patients with normal ejection fraction

References

• Ren X, Na B, Ristow B, et al. Usefulness of diastolic dominant pulmonary vein flow to predict hospitalization for heart failure and mortality in ambulatory patients with coronary heart disease (from the Heart and Soul Study). Am J Cardiol. 2009;103:482–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffle E, Kramarz J, Elazar E, et al. Added value of pulmonary venous flow Doppler assessment in patients with preserved ejection fraction and its contribution to the diastolic grading paradigm. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:1191–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminski M, Steel K, Jerosch-Herold M, et al. Strong cardiovascular prognostic implication of quantitative left atrial contractile function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with chronic hypertension. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011;13:42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedberg P, Selmeryd j, Leppert J, et al. Long-term prognostic impact of left atrial volumes and emptying fraction in a community-based cohort. Heart. 2016;0:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Santos ABS, Kraigher-Krainer E, Gupta DK, for the PARAMOUNT Investigators, et al. Impaired left atrial function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16:1096–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse B, Schuele SU, Thamilasaran M, et al. A rapid method to quantify left atrial contractile function: Doppler tissue imaging of the mitral annulus during atrial systole. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2004;5:86–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khankirawatana B, Khankirawatana S, Peterson B, et al. Peak atrial systolic mitral annular velocity by Doppler tissue reliably predicts left atrial systolic function. Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:353–360.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson B, Lundin F, Tegerback R, et al. E/a′ ratio a simple detector of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with decreased ejection fraction. Scand Cardiovasc Journal. 2018;52:20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson B, Lundin F. Tegeback R, et al. The a′velocity in the tissue Doppler predicts S/D ratio <1 in patients with a normal ejection fraction. Scand Cardiovasc Journal. 2018;52:183–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. An update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.2016;29:277–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. An update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17:1321–1360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1440–1463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C, Sanderson JE, et al. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2539–2550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royston P, Sauerbrei W. Multivariable model-building: a pragmatic approach to regression analysis based on fractional polynomials for modelling continuous variables. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Kvålseth TO. Cautionary note about R2. Am Stat. 1985;39:279–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancellotti P, Galderisi M, Edvardsen T, et al. Echo-Doppler estimation of left ventricular filling pressure: results of the multicentre EACVI Euro-Filling study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18:961–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen OS, Smiseth OA, Dokainish H, et al. Estimating left ventricular filling pressure by echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:1937–1948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas L, Levett K, Boyd A, et al. Changes in regional left atrial function with aging: evaluation by Doppler tissue imaging. Eur J Echocardiography. 2003;4:92–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossvoll O, Hatle LK. Pulmonary venous flow velocities by transthoracic doppler ultrasound: Relation to left ventricular diastolic pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:1687–1696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuecherer HF, Kusumot F, Muhiudeen JA, et al. Pulmonary venous flow patterns by transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography: relation to parameters of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Am Heart J. 1991;122:1683–1693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basnight MA, Gonzalez MS, Kershenovich SC, et al. Pulmonary venous flow velocity: relation to hemodynamics, mitral flow velocity and left atrial volume, and ejection fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1991;4:547–558.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuecherer HF, Muhiudeen IA, Kusumoto FM, et al. Estimation of mean left atrial pressure from transesophageal pulsed doppler echocardiography of pulmonary venous flow. Circulation. 1990;82:1127–1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar