Social responsibility and commercial broadcast television: An assessment of public affairs programming

References

• Advisory Committee on the Public Interest Obligations of Digital Broadcasters . 1998 . Charting the Digital Broadcasting Future , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , D.S. 1995 . ‘Separating the Press and the Public,’ . Journal of Mass Media Ethics , 10 ( 4 ) : 197 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• American Society of Newspaper Editors . 2001 . Statement of Principles . Available: http://www.asne.org/kiosk/archive/principl.htm [Accessed 11 June 2001]
   Google Scholar
• Benton Foundation . 1998 . What's Local about Local Broadcasting . Available: http://www.benton.org/Television/whatslocal.html [Accessed 13 November 2001]
   Google Scholar
• BIA Research . 1999 . Investing in Television Market Report , 3rd edn , Chantilly, VA : BIA Research .
   Google Scholar
• Coase , R.H. 1959 . ‘The Federal Communications Commission,’ . Journal of Law & Economics , 2 : 1 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission on Freedom of the Press . 1947 . “ A Free and Responsible Press ” . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Communications Act of 1934, pub. L. No. 416, 48 Stat. 1064, 1934.
   Google Scholar
• Entman , R.M. 1989 . Democracy Without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Politics , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Federal Communications Commission 1949, Editorializing by Broadcast Licensees, 13 FCC 1246.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Communications Commission 1984, Revision of Programming and Commercialization Policies, Ascertainment Requirements, and Program Log Requirements for Commercial Television Stations, 1984 FCC LEXIS 2105.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Communications Commission 1999a, public Interest Obligations of TV Broadcast Licensees, 1999 FCC LEXIS 6487.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Communications Commission . 1999b . The Public and Broadcasting , Washington, DC : Federal Communications Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Hazlett , T.W. 1990 . ‘The Rationality of U.S. Regulation of the Broadcast Spectrum,’ . Journal of Law & Economics , 33 ( 1 ) : 133 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazlett , T.W. 1997 . ‘Physical Scarcity, Rent Seeking, and the First Amendment,’ . Columbia Law Review , 97 : 905 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krattenmaker , T.G. and Powe , L.A. 1994 . Regulating Broadcast Programming , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kunkel , D. 1998 . ‘Policy Battles Over Defining Children's Educational Television,’ . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences , 557 : 39 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg , J. , ed. 1990 . Democracy and the Mass Media , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McManus , J. 1992 . ‘Serving the Public and Serving the Market: A Conflict of Interest?,’ . Journal of Mass Media Ethics , 7 ( 4 ) : 196 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Mill , J. S. 1978 . On Liberty , Indianapolis, IN : Hackett Publishing Co. . (Original work published 1859)
   Google Scholar
• Minow , N.N. 1978 . “ ‘Address by Newton N. Minow to the National Association of Broadcasters,’ ” . In Documents of American Broadcasting , 4th edn , Edited by: Kahn , F. 207 – 17 . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Minow , N.N. and LaMay , C.I. 1995 . Abandoned in the Wasteland: Children, Television and the First Amendment , New York, NY : Hill and Wang .
   Google Scholar
• Napoli , P.M. 1997 . ‘A Principal‐Agent Approach to the Study of Media Organizations: Toward a Theory of the Media Firm’ . Political Communication , 14 ( 2 ) : 207 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napoli , P.M. 1999 . The Marketplace of Ideas Metaphor in Communications Regulation’ . Journal of Communication , 49 ( 4 ) : 151 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napoli , P.M. 2001a . Foundations of Communications Policy: Principles and Process in the Regulation of Electronic Media , Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Napoli , P.M. 2001b . ‘Market Conditions and Public Affairs Programming: Implications for Digital Television Policy’ . Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , 6 ( 2 ) : 15 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napoli , P.M. 2001c . ‘The Localism Principle in Communications Policymaking and Policy Analysis: Ambiguity, Inconsistency, and Empirical Neglect’ . Policy Studies Journal , 29 ( 3 ) : 372 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Association of Broadcasters . 2000 . Bringing Community Service Home , Washington, DC : National Association of Broadcasters .
   Google Scholar
• National Telecommunications and Information Administration . 1997 . A Primer on the Public Interest Obligations of Television Broadcasters , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , T. 1963 . “ ‘The Social Responsibility Theory,’ ” . In Four Theories of the Press , Edited by: Siebert , F. , Peterson , T. and Schramm , W. 73 – 105 . Chicago, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Radio and Television News Directors Association . 2001 . Code of Ethics . Available: http://www.rtnda.org/ethics/coe.shtml [Accessed 11 June 2001]
   Google Scholar
• Rainey , R.R. 1993 . The Public's Interest in Public Affairs Discourse, Democratic Governance, and Fairness in Broadcasting: A Critical Review of the Public Interest Duties of the Electronic Media,’ . Georgetown Law Journal , 82 : 269 – 372 .
   Google Scholar
• Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission, 395 U.S. 367, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Riffe , D. , Lacy , S. and Fico , F. 1998 . Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Siebert , F.S. 1963 . “ ‘The Libertarian Theory,’ ” . In Four Theories of the Press , Edited by: Siebert , F. , Peterson , T. and Schramm , W. 39 – 72 . Chicago, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Siebert , F.S. , Peterson , T. and Schramm , W. 1963 . Four Theories of the Press , Chicago, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Society of Professional Journalists . 2001 . Code of Ethics . Available: http://spj.org/ethics/code.htm [Accessed 11 June 2001].
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer , M.L. 1989 . The Constitutionality of Licensing Broadcasters,’ . New York University Law Review , 64 : 990 – 1071 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar