References
- Atilola, O., Abiri, G., & Ola, B. (2019). The Nigerian juvenile justice system: From warehouse to uncertain quest for appropriate youth mental health service model. BJPsych International, 16(1), 19-21. https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.37
- Bali, D., & Sharma, A. (2018). Art of fostering resilience in adolescents. Indian Journal of Health and Well-being, 9(1), 73–75. https://www.proquest.com/openview/7fe76d9a736900194af9e6f78805caa6/1/advanced
- Barnert, E. S., Perry, R., Azzi, V. F., Shetgiri, R., Ryan, G., Dudovitz, R., Zima, B., & Chung, P. J. (2015). Incarcerated youths’ perspectives on protective factors and risk factors for juvenile offending: A qualitative analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 105(7), 1365–1371. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302228
- Bhabha, F., & Candea, C. (2016). Who will remember the Children? The international human rights movement and juvenile justice in Africa. The Transnational Human Rights Review, 3, 1-16. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3273223
- Bochenek, M. (2016). Children behind bars: The global overuse of detention of children. Retrieved from https://endchilddetention.org/research/global-overuse-detention-children/ https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvndv9bj.7
- Botma, Y., Greeff, M., Mulaudzi, F. M., & Wright, S. C. D. (2010). Research in health sciences. Heinemann.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Castle, T. L., & Martin, J. S. (2006). Occupational hazard: Predictors of stress among jail correctional officers. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(1), 65–80. doi: 10.1007/BF02885685
- Chitewere, T., Shim, J. K., Barker, J. C., & Yen, I. H. (2017). How neighborhoods influence health: Lessons to be learned from the application of political ecology. Health & Place, 45, 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.009
- Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
- DeLisi, M., Drury, A. J., Kosloski, A. E., Caudill, J. W., Conis, P. J., Anderson, C. A., Vaughn, M. G., & Beaver, K. M. (2010). The cycle of violence behind bars: Traumatization and institutional misconduct among juvenile delinquents in confinement. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8(2), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204009349399
- Dierkhising, C. B., Lane, A., & Natsuaki, M. N. (2014). Victims behind bars: A preliminary study of abuse during juvenile incarceration and post-release social and emotional functioning. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 20(2), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000002
- Durrheim, K. (2006). Research design. In M. Terre Blanche, K. Durrheim, & D. Painter (Eds.), Research in practice: Applied methods for the social sciences (pp. 33–59). University of Cape Town Press.
- Ebersohn, L., Gouws, E., Lewis, A., & Theron, L. (2015). The Adolescent. Pearson.
- Geldenhuys, K. (2018). Correctional centres and their “keepers”. Servamus Community-based Safety and Security Magazine, 111(12), 26–29. https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-126ec654ac
- Greineder, B. (2013). Correctional officers’ perceptions of sexual offenders in the United States: A qualitative analysis. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 8(1), 24-35. https://www.sascv.org/ijcjs/pdfs/greneiderijcjs2013istissue.pdf
- Hart, J. L., O’Toole, S. K., Price-Sharps, J. L., & Shaffer, T. W. (2007). The risk and protective factors of violent juvenile offending: An examination of gender differences. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5(4), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204006297367
- His Majesty’s Correctional Services (HMCS). (2016). Annual report 2015/2016. Retrieved from http://www.gov.sz/index.php/2016-07-06-12-39-58/annual-reports
- Inoue, K., di Gropello, E., Taylor, Y. S., & Gresham, J. (2015). Out-of-school youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A policy perspective. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21554 https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0505-9
- Kanduza, A. M., Mamba, T. P., Ndlangamandla, S. M., Vilakazi, L. P., & Zungu, H. B. (2003). The scourge of abuse amongst school going children in Swaziland. Swaziland Government: Swaziland Government.
- Kruger, L., Lubbe-De Beer, C., & Du Plessis, A.-N. (2016). Resilience in gay and lesbian parent families: Perspectives from the chrono-system. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 47(3), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.47.3.343
- Malindi, M. J., & Theron, L. C. (2010). The hidden resilience of street youth. South African Journal of Psychology. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Sielkunde, 40(3), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124631004000310
- Malindisa, L. M., & Winterdyk, J. A. (2015). Corrections and juvenile delinquency in the Kingdom of Swaziland: An exploratory study. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, (Special Edition 1), 44-61. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC179746
- Manganye, P., & Phetlho-Thekisho, N. (2016). Perceptions of offenders and correctional officials on rehabilitation in maximum correctional centres. The Social Work Practitioner-Researcher, 28(2), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.25159/2415-5829/1479
- Mbelwa, S. J. (2017). Mental disorders and associated factors among adolescents in juvenile detention. Open Journal of Nursing, 7(9), 993–1020. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2017.79073
- Muntean, A., & Cojocaru, S. (2016). Resilience of children behind bars. Review of Research and Social Intervention, 52, 64–79. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Resilience-of-Children-Behind-Bars-Muntean-Cojocaru/75c4397adb78 3515a1921b986cf67e49b6efa956
- Poon, C., Saewyc, E., & Chen, W. (2012). Enacted stigma, problem substance use, and protective factors among Asian sexual minority youth in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 30(2), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2011-0016
- Poulsen, H. (2006). The gendered impact of HIV/AIDS on education in South Africa and Swaziland: Save the children’s experiences. Gender and Development, 14(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552070500518145
- Prabhu, S. G., & Shekar, R. (2017). The role of socio-economic status in adolescence resilience and self-esteem. Indian Journal of Health and Well-being, 8(9), 985–989.
- Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x
- Scott, T.-L., & Ruddell, R. (2011). Canadian female gang inmates: Risk, needs, and the potential for prison rehabilitation. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 50(6), 305–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2011.583717
- Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychological Association.
- Steyn, F., & Louw, D. (2012). Recreation intervention with adolescent offenders: Prospects and challenges in the South African context: Recreation. African Journal for Physical Health Education. Recreation and Dance, 18(2), 423–433. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francois-Steyn-2/publication/301747584_Recreation_intervention_with_adolescent_offenders_Prospects_and_challenges_in_the_South_African_context/links/5e464b01a6fdccd965a30c00/Recreation-intervention-with-adolescent-offenders-Prospects-and-challenges-in-the-South-African-context.pdf
- SWAGAA. (2018). Tibi Tendlu – Sweeping Family Abuse Under the Carpet with Case Manager, Nomthandazo Ginindza. Retrieved from http://www.swagaa.org.sz/tibi-tendlu-sweeping-family-abuse-under-the-carpet-with-case-manager-nomthandazo-ginindza/
- SWAGAA. (2020). Gender-based violence. Retrieved from http://www.swagaa.org.sz/gender-based-violence/
- The World Café. (2008). Café to go!: A quick reference guide for hosting world café. Retrieved from http://www.theworldcafe.com/pdfs/cafetogo.pdf
- Tracy, S. J. (2004). The construction of correctional officers: Layers of emotionality behind bars. Qualitative Inquiry, 10(4), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800403259716
- Turner, D. W., III. (2010). Qualitative interview design: A practical guide for novice investigators. Qualitative Report, 15(3), 754–760.
- Ungar, M., Liebenberg, L., & Ikeda, J. (2014). Young people with complex needs: Designing coordinated interventions to promote resilience across child welfare, juvenile corrections, mental health and education services. British Journal of Social Work, 44(3), 675–693. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs147
- Van Breda, A. D., & Theron, L. C. (2018). A critical review of South African child and youth resilience studies, 2009–2017. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.022
- Van Ginneken, E. F., Sutherland, A., & Molleman, T. (2017). An ecological analysis of prison overcrowding and suicide rates in England and Wales, 2000–2014. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 50, 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.05.005
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Swaziland: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/136886/ccsbrief_swz_en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&ua=1