References
- Arcan, C., Kubik, M. Y., Fulkerson, J. A., Hannan, P. J., & Story, M. (2011). Substance use and dietary practices among students attending alternative high schools: Results from a pilot study. BMC Public Health, 11: 263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-263 PMID:21518437
- Arria, A. M., & O’Brien, M. C. (2011). The “high” risk of energy drinks. Journal of the American Medical Association, 305(6), 600–601. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.109 PMID:21266673
- Conway, K. P., Vullo, G. C., Nichter, B., Wang, J., Compton, W. M., Iannotti, R. J., & Simons-Morton, B. (2013). Prevalence and patterns of polysubstance use in a nationally representative sample of 10th graders in the United States. The Journal of adolescent health: Official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 52(6), 716–723. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.006
- Felker-Kantor, E. A., Cunningham-Myrie, C., Greene, L. G., Lyew-Ayee, P., Atkinson, U., Abel, W., Clarke, P., Anderson, S. G., & Theall, K. P. (2019). Neighborhood crime, disorder and substance use in the Caribbean context: Jamaica National Drug Use Prevalence Survey 2016. PLoS One, 14(11), e0224516. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224516 PMID:31756190
- Halladay, J., Woock, R., El-Khechen, H., Munn, C., MacKillop, J., Amlung, M., Ogrodnik, M., Favotto, L., Aryal, K., Noori, A., Kiflen, M., & Georgiades, K. (2020). Patterns of substance use among adolescents: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 216, 108222. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108222 PMID:32971420
- Henry, K. L., & Thornberry, T. P. (2010). Truancy and escalation of substance use during adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2010.71.115 PMID:20105421
- Jongenelis, M., Pettigrew, S., Lawrence, D., & Rikkers, W. (2019). Factors associated with poly drug use in adolescents. Prevention science: The official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 20(5), 695–704. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-00993-8
- Khurana, A., Romer, D., Betancourt, L. M., Brodsky, N. L., Giannetta, J. M., & Hurt, H. (2015). Experimentation versus progression in adolescent drug use: A test of an emerging neurobehavioral imbalance model. Development and Psychopathology, 27(3), 901–913. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000765 PMID:25154377
- Levy, S. (2020). Substance Use and Abuse in Adolescents. Retrieved from https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/problems-in-adolescents/substance-use-and-abuse-in-adolescents
- Maharaj, R. G., Nunes, P., & Renwick, S. (2009). Health risk behaviours among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean: A review. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 3(1), 10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-3-10 PMID:19292922
- Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2019). Cannabis and amphetamine use and socio-ecological (proximal and distal) factors among school-going adolescents in four countries in the Caribbean and four countries in South America. International journal of adolescent medicine and health, 33(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2018-0030
- Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2018). Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use among school-going adolescents in Namibia: Prevalence and risk factors. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 28(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2018.1455317
- Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2021). Polysubstance use among national samples of in-school adolescents in Tonga and Vanuatu. Asian journal of psychiatry, 65: 102819. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102819
- Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2019). Behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases among a nationally representative sample of school-going adolescents in Indonesia. International Journal of General Medicine, 12, 387–394. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S226633 PMID:31802930
- Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2020). Health risk behaviour is associated with psychological distress among school-going adolescents in five association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. International journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33(3), 261-265. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32549151/ doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2019-0094
- Pettigrew, S., Jongenelis, M., Lawrence, D., & Rikkers, W. (2017). Common and differential factors associated with abstinence and poly drug use among Australian adolescents. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 50, 41–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.011 PMID:29028562
- Rodzlan Hasani, W. S., Saminathan, T. A., Ab Majid, N. L., Miaw Yn, J. L., Mat Rifin, H., Abd Hamid, H. A., Robert Lourdes, T. G., Ahmad, A., Lsmail, H., Rashid, R. A.., & Mohd Yusoff, M. F. (2021). Polysubstance use among adolescents in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017. PLoS One, 16(1), e0245593. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245593 PMID:33476329
- Singh, H., Maharaj, H. D., & Shipp, M. (1991). Pattern of substance abuse among secondary school students in Trinidad and Tobago. Public Health, 105(6), 435–441. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3506(05)80613-4 PMID:1803402
- Soyibo, K., & Lee, M. G. (1997). Use of alcohol, tobacco and non-prescription drugs among Jamaican high school students. The West Indian Medical Journal, 46(4), 111–114. PMID:9494405
- Terry-McElrath, Y. M., O'Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D. (2014). Energy drinks, soft drinks, and substance use among United States secondary school students. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 8(1), 6–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24481080/ doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ADM.0000435322.07020.53
- Tomczyk, S., Hanewinkel, R., & Isensee, B. (2015). Multiple substance use patterns in adolescents-A multilevel latent class analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 155, 208–214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.016 PMID:26233485
- Tomczyk, S., Isensee, B., & Hanewinkel, R. (2016). Latent classes of polysubstance use among adolescents-a systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 160, 12–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.035 PMID:26794683
- White, J., Walton, D., & Walker, N. (2015). Exploring comorbid use of marijuana, tobacco, and alcohol among 14 to 15-year-olds: Findings from a national survey on adolescent substance use. BMC Public Health, 15, 233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1585-9 PMID:25880154
- Williams, G. C., Patte, K. A., Ferro, M. A., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2021). Substance use classes and symptoms of anxiety and depression among Canadian secondary school students. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada: Research, policy and practice, b41(5), 153–164. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.5.02
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Global school-based student health survey (GSHS). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/en/
- Zuckermann, A. M. E., Williams, G. C., Battista, K., Jiang, Y., de Groh, M., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of youth poly-substance use in the COMPASS study. Addictive Behaviors, 107, 106400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106400 PMID:32222564
- Zuckermann, A. M. E., Williams, G., Battista, K., de Groh, M., Jiang, Y., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2019). Trends of poly-substance use among Canadian youth. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 10, 100189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100189 PMID:31193263