Social anxiety and problematic social network site use: The sequential mediating role of self-esteem and self-concept clarity

References

• Appel, M., Marker, C., & Gnambs, T. (2020). Are social media ruining our lives? A review of meta-analytic evidence. Review of General Psychology, 24(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268019880891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel, M., Schreiner, C., Weber, S., Mara, M., & Gnambs, T. (2018). Intensity of Facebook use is associated with lower self-concept clarity. Journal of Media Psychology, 30, 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslan, G. (2016). Psychological maltreatment, emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents: The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Child Abuse & Neglect, 52, 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assunção, R., & Matos, P. M. (2017). Adolescents’ profiles of problematic Facebook use and associations with developmental variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aydemir, O., & Akkaya, C. (2011). Association of social anxiety with stigmatisation and low self-esteem in remitted bipolar patients. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 23(5), 224–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00565.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baturay, M. H., & Toker, S. (2017). Self-esteem shapes the impact of GPA and general health on Facebook addiction: A mediation analysis. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 555–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316656606
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, B. T. (2016). Perspectives on HCI research with teenagers. In L. Little, D. Fitton, B. T. Bell & N. Toth (Eds.), Understanding adolescents. New York: Springer, pp. 11–27.
   Google Scholar
• Boulton, M. J., & Macaulay, P. J. R. (2022). Parenting about challenges and adolescents’ social anxiety, disrupted classroom concentration, and resilience knowledge: The mediating role of authentic self-esteem. Families, Systems & Health, 40(3), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrow, A. L., & Rainone, N. (2017). How many likes did I get?: Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 232–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. D., & Fehr, B. (1990). Self-esteem and perceptions of conveyed impressions: Is negative affectivity associated with greater realism? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.1.122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C.-Y., Lian, S.-L., Sun, X.-J., Chai, H.-Y., & Zhou, Z.-K. (2018). The effect of social network sites addiction on adolescents’ depression: Mediating role of cognitive overload and core self-evaluation. Xinli Fazhan Yu Jiaoyu, 34(2), 210–218.
   Google Scholar
• Daryazadeh, S., Yavari, M., Sharif, M. R., Azadchahr, M. J., & Kiani, M. (2022). Correlation between self-esteem and academic self-concept in medical students. Educational Research in Medical Sciences, 11(1): e119946. https://doi.org/10.5812/erms-119946
   Google Scholar
• Ding, Q., Wei, H., Zhang, Y.-X., & Zhou, Z.-K. (2016). Self-concealment and Internet addiction: Multiple mediating effect of social anxiety and loneliness. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(2), 293–297.
   Google Scholar
• Graber, R., Turner, R., & Madill, A. (2016). Best friends and better coping: Facilitating psychological resilience through boys’ and girls’ closest friendships. British Journal of Psychology, 107(2), 338–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, L. J., Parsons, T. J., & Hill, A. J. (2010). Self-esteem and quality of life in obese children and adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5(4), 282–304. https://doi.org/10.3109/17477160903473697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, F.-Y., Huang, D.-H., Lin, H.-Y., & Chiu, S.-L. (2014). Analysis of the psychological traits, Facebook usage, and Facebook addiction model of Taiwanese university students. Telematics and Informatics, 31(4), 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, C. (2022). A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(1), 12–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020978434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoshakhlagh, H., & Faramarzi, S. (2012). The relationship of emotional intelligence and mental disorders with internet addiction in internet users university students. Addiction & Health, 4(3-4), 133–141.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kircaburun, K., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Childhood emotional trauma and cyberbullying perpetration among emerging adults: A multiple mediation model of the role of problematic social media use and psychopathology. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18, 548–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9941-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koc, M., & Gulyagci, S. (2013). Facebook addiction among Turkish college students: The role of psychological health, demographic, and usage characteristics. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and Social Networking, 16(4), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, F., Lan, N., Zhang, H., Sun, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022). How does social anxiety affect mobile phone dependence in adolescents? The mediating role of self-concept clarity and self-esteem. Current Psychology, 41: 8070_8077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01262-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, F.-C., Lan, N.-N., Zhang, H.-B., Sun, X.-J., & Zhang, Y. (2022). How does social anxiety affect Mobile phone dependence in adolescents? The mediating role of self-concept clarity and self-esteem. Current Psychology, 41, 8070–8077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01262-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R. (1983). Social anxiousness: The construct and its measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4701_8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, S.-Y., Liu, D.-N., Liu, W., Hui, Q., Cortina, K. S., & You, X.-Q. (2021). Mediating effects of self-concept clarity on the relationship between passive social network sites use and subjective well-being. Current Psychology, 40(3), 1348–1355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0066-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2016). Social network online and personality of self-worth: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 64, 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, G.-Z., Zhang, D.-J., Pan, Y.-G., Hu, T.-Q., He, N., Chen, W.-F., & Wang, Z. (2017). Self-concept clarity and subjective social status as mediators between psychological suzhi and social anxiety in Chinese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y.-J., Wang, Q., Jou, M., Wang, B.-H., An, Y., & Li, Z.-F. (2020). Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the 7-item game addiction scale (GAS) among Chinese college students. BMC Psychiatry, 20: 484. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02830-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2018). The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 226, 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody, E. J. (2001). Internet use and its relationship to loneliness. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niu, G.-F., Sun, X.-J., Zhou, Z.-K., Tian, Y., Liu, Q.-Q., & Lian, S.-L. (2016). The Effect of adolescents’ social networking site use on self-concept clarity: The mediating role of social comparison. Psychological Science, 39(1), 97–102.
   Google Scholar
• Ouyang, Y.-Y., Wang, K., Zhang, T.-R., Peng, L., Song, G., & Luo, J. (2020). The Influence of Sports Participation on Body Image, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem in College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10: 3039. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pera, A. (2020). The psychology of addictive smartphone behavior in young adults: Problematic use, social anxiety, and depressive stress. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 573473. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.573473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, Y., Yang, J., & Liu, L. (2017). Social anxiety and internet addiction among rural left-behind children: the mediating effect of loneliness. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 46(12), 1659–1668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 641–669. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon, H., Bush, K., Villeneuve, P. J., Hellemans, K. G., & Guimond, S. (2022). Problematic social media use in adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 9(4): e33450. https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/33450 doi: 10.2196/33450
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shen, Z. L., & Cai, T. S. (2008). Disposal to the 8th item of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Chinese version). Chinese Mental Health Journal, 22(9), 661–663.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, S., Wang, S., Zahir Ahmed, M., Akhter Hiramoni, F., Sha, J., Yan, X., C. Jobe, M., & Ahmed, O. (2021). Protective factors for loneliness among adolescents during covid-19: Role of the interpersonal relationships and sibling status. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 23(4), 499–511. https://doi.org/10.32604/IJMHP.2021.018661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, M. P. A., Branje, S., Keijsers, L., Hawk, S. T., Hale, W. W., III, & Meeus, W. (2014). Self-concept clarity across adolescence: Longitudinal associations with open communication with parents and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1861–1876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0055-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verduyn, P., Ybarra, O., Résibois, M., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2017). Do social network sites enhance or undermine subjective wellbeing? A critical review. Social Issues and Policy Review, 11(1), 274–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Xie, X., Wang, X., Zhao, F., Ouyang, M., & Lei, L. (2018). Social network sites addiction and adolescent depression: A moderated mediation model of rumination and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 127, 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, C., Li, S., Cheng, F.-X., Zhang, L.-Y., Du, Y.-L., He, S.-Z., & Lang, H.-J. (2020). Self-identity and career success of nurses in infectious disease department: The chain-mediating effects of cognitive emotion regulation and social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 11: 563558. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, C.-H. (2009). The relationship between attachment style and self-concept clarity: The mediation effect of self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, X., Qi, J., & Zhen, R. (2021). Bullying victimization and adolescents’ social anxiety: Roles of shame and self-esteem. Child Indicators Research, 14, 769–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-020-09777-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, S.-D., Cheng, H.-Y., Zhai, Z.-P., & Liu, H.-Y. (2021). Relationship between social anxiety and internet addiction in Chinese college students controlling for the effects of physical exercise, demographic, and academic variables. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 698748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.698748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., Wang, P. W., Chang, Y. H., & Ko, C. H. (2012). Social anxiety in online and real-life interaction and their associated factors. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and Social Networking, 15(1), 7–12. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen, E. K., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Goetter, E. M., Comer, R., & Bradley, J. C. (2013). Treatment of social anxiety disorder using online virtual environments in second life. Behavior therapy, 44(1), 51–61. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2012.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, Z.-Q., Zhang, Y.-R., Zhang, L., Xu, Y., & Chen, X.-L. (2019). How does self-esteem affect mobile phone addiction? The mediating role of social anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity. Psychiatry Research, 271, 526–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai, Y. (2021). The role of online social capital in the relationship between Internet use and self-worth. Current Psychology, 40(5), 2073–2082. doi: 10.1007/s12144-019-0149-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhonglin, D. T. W. (2020). Statistical approaches for testing common method bias: Problems and suggestions. Journal of Psychological Science, 43(1), 215–223.
   Google Scholar