The effects of bolus supplementation of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function in patients with rheumatic disorders during glucocorticoid treatment

References

• Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA, Bouchard C, et al. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995;273(5):402–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116(9):1081–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demontis F, Piccirillo R, Goldberg AL, Perrimon N. The influence of skeletal muscle on systemic aging and lifespan. Aging Cell. 2013;12(6):943–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roubenoff R, Roubenoff RA, Cannon JG, Kehayias JJ, Zhuang H, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. J Clin Invest. 1994;93(6):2379–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer HR, Fontaine KR, Bathon JM, Giles JT. Muscle density in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with disease features and functional outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(8):2438–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker JF, Von Feldt J, Mostoufi-Moab S, Noaiseh G, Taratuta E, Kim W, Leonard MB. Deficits in muscle mass, muscle density, and modified associations with fat in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(11):1612–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles JT, Bartlett SJ, Andersen RE, Fontaine KR, Bathon JM. Association of body composition with disability in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of appendicular fat and lean tissue mass. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(10):1407–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plasqui G. The role of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Physiol Behav. 2008;94(2):270–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews JS, Trupin L, Schmajuk G, Barton J, Margaretten M, Yazdany J, et al. Muscle strength predicts changes in physical function in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(8):1070–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schakman O, Kalista S, Barbé C, Loumaye A, Thissen JP. Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45(10):2163–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu N, Yoshikawa N, Ito N, Maruyama T, Suzuki Y, Takeda S, et al. Crosstalk between glucocorticoid receptor and nutritional sensor mTOR in skeletal muscle. Cell Metab. 2011;13(2):170–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu N, Maruyama T, Yoshikawa N, Matsumiya R, Ma Y, Ito N, et al. A muscle-liver-fat signalling axis is essential for central control of adaptive adipose remodelling. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomoda K, Kubo K, Hino K, Kondoh Y, Nishii Y, Koyama N, et al. Branched-chain amino acid-rich diet improves skeletal muscle wasting caused by cigarette smoke in rats. J Toxicol Sci. 2014;39(2):331–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savary-Auzeloux I, Magne H, Migné C, Oberli M, Breuillé D, Faure M, et al. A dietary supplementation with leucine and antioxidants is capable to accelerate muscle mass recovery after immobilization in adult rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e81495.
   Google Scholar
• Maki T, Yamamoto D, Nakanishi S, Iida K, Iguchi G, Takahashi Y, et al. Branched-chain amino acids reduce hindlimb suspension-induced muscle atrophy and protein levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in rats. Nutr Res. 2012;32(9):676–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsien C, Davuluri G, Singh D, Allawy A, Ten Have GA, Thapaliya S, et al. Metabolic and molecular responses to leucine-enriched branched chain amino acid supplementation in the skeletal muscle of alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2015;61(6):2018–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eley HL, Russell ST, Tisdale MJ. Effect of branched-chain amino acids on muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Biochem J. 2007;407(1):113–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon RT, Yu WC, Fan ST, Wong J. Long-term oral branched chain amino acids in patients undergoing chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19(7):779–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieu I, Balage M, Sornet C, Giraudet C, Pujos E, Grizard J, et al. Leucine supplementation improves muscle protein synthesis in elderly men independently of hyperaminoacidaemia. J Physiol (Lond). 2006;575(Pt 1):305–15.
   Google Scholar
• Izumi Y, Miyashita T, Kitajima T, Yoshimura S, Takeoka A, Eguchi K, et al. Two cases of refractory polymyositis accompanied with steroid myopathy. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25(1):143–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimball SR. Integration of signals generated by nutrients, hormones, and exercise in skeletal muscle. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(1):237S–42S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. New functions for amino acids: effects on gene transcription and translation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(2):500S–7S.
   Google Scholar
• Sancak Y, Bar-Peled L, Zoncu R, Markhard AL, Nada S, Sabatini DM. Ragulator-Rag complex targets mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface and is necessary for its activation by amino acids. Cell. 2010;141(2):290–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxton RA, Knockenhauer KE, Wolfson RL, Chantranupong L, Pacold ME, Wang T, et al. Structural basis for leucine sensing by the Sestrin2-mTORC1 pathway. Science. 2016;351(6268):53–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfson RL, Chantranupong L, Saxton RA, Shen K, Scaria SM, Cantor JR, Sabatini DM. Sestrin2 is a leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway. Science. 2016;351(6268):43–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicastro H, da Luz CR, Chaves DF, Bechara LR, Voltarelli VA, Rogero MM, Lancha AH. Does branched-chain amino acids supplementation modulate skeletal muscle remodeling through inflammation modulation? Possible mechanisms of action. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:136937.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ham DJ, Caldow MK, Lynch GS, Koopman R. Leucine as a treatment for muscle wasting: a critical review. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(6):937–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosono O, Yoshikawa N, Shimizu N, Kiryu S, Uehara M, Kobayashi H, et al. Quantitative analysis of skeletal muscle mass in patients with rheumatic diseases under glucocorticoid therapy – comparison among bioelectrical impedance analysis, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25(2):257–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagen LJ. History, physical examination, and laboratory tests in the evaluation of myopathy. In: Wortmann RL, ed. Diseases of skeletal muscle. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:255–67.
   Google Scholar
• Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982;5(6):649–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods. 2012;9(7):671–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aubrey J, Esfandiari N, Baracos VE, Buteau FA, Frenette J, Putman CT, Mazurak VC. Measurement of skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and basis of its biological variation. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2014;210(3):489–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson MA, Polgar J, Weightman D, Appleton D. Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles. An autopsy study. J Neurol Sci. 1973;18(1):111–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyer HC, Strycker LA, Senesac HA, Hocker AD, Smolkowski K, Shah SN, Jewett BA. Essential amino acid supplementation in patients following total knee arthroplasty. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(11):4654–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perl A. mTOR activation is a biomarker and a central pathway to autoimmune disorders, cancer, obesity, and aging. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2015;1346(1):33–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch CJ, Adams SH. Branched-chain amino acids in metabolic signalling and insulin resistance. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10(12):723–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira RM, Freire de Carvalho J. Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy. Joint Bone Spine. 2011;78(1):41–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askari A, Vignos PJ, Moskowitz RW. Steroid myopathy in connective tissue disease. Am J Med. 1976;61(4):485–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciciliot S, Rossi AC, Dyar KA, Blaauw B, Schiaffino S. Muscle type and fiber type specificity in muscle wasting. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45(10):2191–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaitakis A, Smith J, Mandeli J, Yahr MD. Pilot trial of branched-chain aminoacids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet. 1988;1(8593):1015–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baptista IL, Silva WJ, Artioli GG, Guilherme JP, Leal ML, Aoki MS, et al. Leucine and HMB differentially modulate proteasome system in skeletal muscle under different sarcopenic conditions. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76752.
   Google Scholar
• Skalsky AJ, Han JJ, Abresch RT, Shin CS, McDonald CM. Assessment of regional body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: correlation of regional lean mass and quantitative strength. Muscle Nerve. 2009;39(5):647–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris T. Muscle mass and strength: relation to function in population studies. J Nutr. 1997;127(5 Suppl):1004S–6S.
   Google Scholar
• Ispoglou T, King RF, Polman RC, Zanker C. Daily l-leucine supplementation in novice trainees during a 12-week weight training program. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2011;6(1):38–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodpaster BH, Kelley DE, Thaete FL, He J, Ross R. Skeletal muscle attenuation determined by computed tomography is associated with skeletal muscle lipid content. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;89(1):104–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Kelley DE. Thigh adipose tissue distribution is associated with insulin resistance in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(4):885–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taaffe DR, Henwood TR, Nalls MA, Walker DG, Lang TF, Harris TB. Alterations in muscle attenuation following detraining and retraining in resistance-trained older adults. Gerontology. 2009;55(2):217–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar