References
- Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. The outline of the results of National Livelihood Survey 2013. Available from: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa13/dl/06.pdf [last accessed 4 Aug 2016].
- Nakamura K. A “super-aged” society and the “locomotive syndrome”. J Orthop Sci. 2008;13:1–2.
- Locomotive Challenge Council. Locomotive syndrome. In: Locomotive Challenge Council, ed. Locomotive syndrome pamphlet 2013. Tokyo: Japanese Orthopaedic Association; 2013.
- Locomotive Challenge Council. Locomotive syndrome. In: Locomotive Challenge Council, ed. Locomotive syndrome pamphlet 2015. Tokyo: Japanese Orthopaedic Association; 2015.
- Dahlöf B. Cardiovascular disease risk factors: epidemiology and risk assessment. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105:3A–9A.
- Day C. Metabolic syndrome, or what you will: definitions and epidemiology. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007;4:32–8.
- Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:303–8.
- Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Mabuchi A, En-yo Y, Yoshida M, et al. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis and osteoporosis in Japanese men and women: the research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study. J Bone Miner Metab. 2009;27:620–8.
- Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T. Cohort profile: research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39:988–95.
- Kellgren JH, Lawrence LS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1957;16:494–502.
- Iidaka T, Muraki S, Akune T, Oka H, Kodama R, Tanaka S, et al. Prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis and its association with hip pain in Japanese men and women: the ROAD study. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2016;24:117–23.
- Japanese Official Statistics, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Population Census 2005. Available from: http://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/GL08020101.do?_toGL08020101_&tstatCode =000001007251 [last accessed 4 Aug 2016].
- Orimo H, Hayashi Y, Fukunaga M, Sone T, Fujiwara S, Shiraki M, et al. Osteoporosis diagnostic criteria review committee: Japanese society for bone and mineral research. Diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis: year 2000 revision. J Bone Miner Metab. 2001;19:331–7.
- The committee for developing guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis; Japan Osteoporosis Society, Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research, and Japan Osteoporosis Foundation (Director, Oreimo H): Diagnostic criteria. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis 2015. Tokyo: Life Science Publishing Co., Ltd; 2015:36–7.
- World Health Organization. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. WHO technical report series 843. Geneva: WHO; 1994.
- Examination Committee of Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome. The definition and criteria of metabolic syndrome (in Japanese). J Jpn Soc Intern Med. 2005;94:794–809.
- Examination Committee of Criteria for ‘Obesity Disease’ in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for ‘obesity disease’ in Japan. Circ J. 2002;66:987–92.
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The outline of the results of National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008. Available from: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2009/11/dl/h1109-1b.pdf [last accessed 12 May 2016].
- Seino Y, Nanjo J, Taijima N, Kadowaki T, Kashiwagi A, Araki E, et al. Report of the committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Int. 2010;1:2–20.
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.
- Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Tanaka S, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T. Mutual associations among musculoskeletal diseases and metabolic syndrome components: a 3-year follow-up of the ROAD study. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25:438–48.
- Portal site of Official Statistics of Japan. Population Census 2010. Available from: http://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/GL08020103.do?_toGL08020103_&tclassID=000001034991&cycleCode=0&requestSender=search [last accessed 4 Aug 2016].