Evaluation of retinal vascularization by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in rheumatoid arthritis, and its relationship with disease activity

References

• Turesson C, O'Fallon WM, Crowson CS, Gabriel SE, Matteson EL. Extra-articular disease manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis: incidence trends and risk factors over 46 years. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(8):722–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bywaters EG, Scott JT. The natural history of vascular lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. J Chronic Dis. 1963;16:905–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki A, Ohosone Y, Obana M, Mita S, Matsuoka Y, Irimajiri S, et al. Cause of death in 81 autopsied patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(1):33–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels C, Bell C, Rosenthal A, Shinki K, Bridges A. Decline in rheumatoid vasculitis prevalence among US veterans: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(9):2553–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kemeny-Beke A, Szodoray P. Ocular manifestations of rheumatic diseases. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(2):503–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurt A, Kurt EE, Kilic R, Oktem C, Tuncay F, Erdem HR. Is choroidal thickness related with disease activity and joint damage in patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2017;118(1):23–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andonopoulos AP, Drosos AA, Skopouli FN, Acritidis NC, Moutsopoulos HM. Secondary Sjogren's syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1987;14(6):1098–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyne AJ, Pitkeathly DA. Episcleritis and scleritis. Their association with connective tissue disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 1970;29(2):191–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahabadi N, Al Khalili Y. Neuroanatomy, Retina. Treasure Island, Florida: StatPearls; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Wylęgała A, Teper S, Dobrowolski D, Wylęgała E. Optical coherence angiography: a review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(41):e4907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Carlo TE, Romano A, Waheed NK, Duker JS. A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Int J Retina Vitreous. 2015;1:5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roemer S, Bergin C, Kaeser PF, Ambresin A. Assessment of macular vasculature of children with sickle cell disease compared to that of healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina 2018;39(12):2384–2391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YC, Chen YT, Chen SN. Foveal microvascular anomalies on optical coherence tomography angiography and the correlation with foveal thickness and visual acuity in retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;257(1):23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niestrata-Ortiz M, Fichna P, Stankiewicz W, Stopa M. Enlargement of the foveal avascular zone detected by optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic children without diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;257(4):689–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO 3rd, et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(9):2569–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijde DM, van't Hof M, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB. Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(3):579–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozek D, Onen M, Karaca EE, Omma A, Kemer OE, Coskun C. The optical coherence tomography angiography findings of rheumatoid arthritis patients taking hydroxychloroquine. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2019;29(5):532–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruickshank B. The arteritis of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1954;13(2):136–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Qian YW, Zhang JF, Wang ZL. Retinal and choroidal vascular changes in coronary heart disease: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Biomed Opt Express. 2019;10(4):1532–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sousa DC, Leal I, Moreira S, Dionisio P, Abegao Pinto L, Marques-Neves C. Hypoxia challenge test and retinal circulation changes – a study using ocular coherence tomography angiography. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(3):e315–e9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higashiyama T, Nishida Y, Ohji M. Optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with good visual acuity recovery after treatment for optic neuritis. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0172168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YH, Wang AG, Lin YC, Yen MY. Optic neuritis as the first manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. J Neuroophthalmol. 2008;28(3):237–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yücel AE, Kart H, Aydin P, Ağildere AM, Benli S, Altinörs N, et al. Pachymeningitis and optic neuritis in rheumatoid arthritis: successful treatment with cyclophosphamide. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20(2):136–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrath J, Giorgi R, Raccah D, Ridings B. Foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy: quantitative vs qualitative assessment. Eye (Lond). 2005;19(3):322–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duru N, Altinkaynak H, Erten Ş, Can ME, Duru Z, Uğurlu FG, et al. Thinning of choroidal thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis unrelated to disease activity. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2016;24(3):246–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block JA. Hydroxychloroquine and retinal safety. Lancet. 1998;351(9105):771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wainer IW, Chen JC, Parenteau H, Abdullah S, Ducharme J, Fieger H, et al. Distribution of the enantiomers of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in ocular tissues of the rabbit after oral administration of racemic-hydroxychloroquine. Chirality. 1994;6(4):347–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmor MF, Melles RB. Disparity between visual fields and optical coherence tomography in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(6):1257–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldeeb M, Chan EW, Omar A. Case report: hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Optom Vis Sci. 2018;95(6):545–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar