566
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The evolution of psychological involvement and customer loyalty: a longitudinal analysis of fitness facility members

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon &

References

  • Alexandris, K., Kouthouris, C., Funk, D., & Chatzigianni, E. (2008). Examining the relationships between leisure constraints, involvement and attitudinal loyalty among Greek recreational skiers. European Sport Management Quarterly, 8(3), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740802224175
  • Algesheimer, R., Dholakia, U. M., & Hermann, A. (2005). The social influence of brand community: Evidence from European car clubs. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.69.3.19.66363
  • Arora, R. (1982). Consumer involvement in retail store positioning. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02721902
  • Auh, S., Bell, S. J., McLeod, C. S., & Shih, E. (2007). Co-production and customer loyalty in financial services. Journal of Retailing, 83(3), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2007.03.001
  • Avourdiadou, S., & Theodorakis, N. D. (2014). The development of loyalty among novice and experienced customers of sport and fitness centres. Sport Management Review, 17, 419–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.02.001
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  • Beaton, A. A., Funk, D. C., Ridinger, L., & Jordan, J. (2011). Sport involvement: A conceptual and empirical analysis. Sport Management Review, 14(2), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2010.07.002
  • Bee, C. C., & Havitz, M. K. (2010). Exploring the relationship between involvement, fan attraction, psychological commitment and behavioural loyalty in a sports spectator context. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 11(2), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-02-2010-B004
  • Behnam, M., Pyun, D. Y., Doyle, J. P., & Delshab, V. (2021). The impact of consumer knowledge on profitable consumer loyalty through perceived service quality and psychological involvement in non-profit sport clubs. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 22(2), 407–427. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-03-2020-0039
  • Behnam, M., Sato, M., & Baker, B. J. (2021). The role of consumer engagement in behavioral loyalty through value co-creation in fitness clubs. Sport Management Review, 24(4), 567–593. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1880772
  • Blair, M. E., & Innis, D. E. (1996). The effects of product knowledge on the evaluation of warranteed brands. Psychology & Marketing, 13(5), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(199608)13:5<445::aid-mar1>3.0.co;2-9
  • Bolton, R. N., Kannan, P. K., & Bramlett, M. D. (2000). Implications of loyalty program membership and service experiences for customer retention and value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300281009
  • Bowen, H. P., & Wiersema, M. F. (1999). Matching method to paradigm in strategy research: Limitations of cross‐sectional analysis and some methodological alternatives. Strategic Management Journal, 20(7), 625–636. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199907)20:7<625::AID-SMJ45>3.0.CO;2-V
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Brown, G., Smith, A., & Assaker, G. (2016). Revisiting the host city: An empirical examination of sport involvement, place attachment, event satisfaction and spectator intentions at the London Olympics. Tourism Management, 55, 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.010
  • Chaudhuri, A., & Ligas, M. (2009). Consequences of value in retail markets. Journal of Retailing, 85(3), 406–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2009.05.006
  • Chiou, J. S., & Droge, C. (2006). Service quality, trust, specific asset investment and expertise: Direct and indirect effects in a satisfaction–loyalty framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(4), 613–627. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070306286934
  • Coulter, K. S. (2021). Intimidation and distraction in an exercise context. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19(4), 668–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1739108
  • Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1992). Attitude structure and function. In H.C., Triandis, M., D., Dunnette, L. M., & Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 269–313). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Funk, D. C. (2008). Consumer behaviour in sport and events: Marketing action. Elsevier.
  • Funk, D. C. (2017). Introducing a sport experience design (SX) framework for sport consumer behaviour research. Sport Management Review, 20(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.11.006
  • Funk, D. C., Alexandris, K., & McDonald, H. (2022). Sport consumer involvement. In D. C. Funk, K. Alexandris, & H. McDonald (Eds.), Sport Consumer Behaviour (2nd ed., pp. 157–177). Routledge.
  • Funk, D. C., Haugtvedt, C. P., & Howard, D. R. (2000). Contemporary attitude theory in sport: Theoretical considerations and implications. Sport Management Review, 3(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(00)70082-9
  • Funk, D. C., & James, J. D. (2001). The psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual’s psychological connection to sport. Sport Management Review, 4(2), 119–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(01)70072-1
  • Funk, D. C., Ridinger, L. L., & Moorman, A. M. (2004). Exploring origins of involvement: Understanding the relationship between consumer motives and involvement with professional sport teams. Leisure Sciences, 26(1), 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400490272440
  • Gelman, A., & Stern, H. (2006). The difference between “significant” and “not significant” is not itself statistically significant. American Statistician, 60(4), 328–331. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313006X152649
  • Gustafsson, A., Johnson, M. D., & Roos, I. (2005). The effects of customer satisfaction, relationship commitment dimensions, and triggers on customer retention. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.210
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Hallmann, K., Giel, T., Beermann, S., Herold, E., & Breuer, C. (2022). Consumer profiles of women’s football spectators. Soccer & Society, 23(8), 1010–1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087
  • Havitz, M., Kaczynski, A. T., & Mannell, R. C. (2013). Exploring relationships between physical activity, leisure involvement, self-efficacy, and motivation via participant segmentation. Leisure Sciences, 35, 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.739890
  • Heere, B., & Dickson, G. (2008). Measuring attitudinal loyalty: Separating the terms of affective commitment and attitudinal loyalty. Journal of Sport Management, 22(2), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.2.227
  • Holland, R. W., Verplanken, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (2002). On the nature of attitude–behavior relations: The strong guide, the weak follow. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(6), 869–876. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.135
  • Inoue, Y., Funk, D. C., & McDonald, H. (2017). Predicting behavioral loyalty through corporate social responsibility: The mediating role of involvement and commitment. Journal of Business Research, 75, 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.02.005
  • Iwasaki, Y., & Havitz, M. E. (1998). A path analytic model of the relationships between involvement, psychological commitment, and loyalty. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(2), 256–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1998.11949829
  • Iwasaki, Y., & Havitz, M. E. (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(1), 45–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950010
  • Jamal, A., & Anastasiadou, K. (2009). Investigating the effects of service quality dimensions and expertise on loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 43(3/4), 398–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560910935497
  • Jun, J., Kyle, G. T., Vlachopoulos, S. P., Theodorakis, N. D., Absher, J. D., & Hammitt, W. E. (2012). Reassessing the structure of enduring leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 34(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2012.633847
  • Kim, S. S., Scott, D., & Crompton, J. L. (1997). An exploration of the relationships among social psychological involvement, behavioral involvement, commitment, and future intentions in the context of birdwatching. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(3), 320–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1997.11949799
  • Kontogianni, E., Kouthouris, C., Barlas, A., & Voutselas, V. (2011). Involvement and loyalty in recreation swimming in Greece: Investigating relationships. International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism, 8, 13–34. https://doi.org/10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874X-8b
  • Kunkel, T., Funk, D., & Hill, B. (2013). Brand architecture, drivers of consumer involvement, and brand loyalty with professional sport leagues and teams. Journal of Sport Management, 27(3), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.27.3.177
  • Lee, T. H., & Shen, Y. L. (2013). The influence of leisure involvement and place attachment on destination loyalty: Evidence from recreationists walking their dogs in urban parks. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 33, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.11.002
  • Mahony, D. F., Madrigal, R., & Howard, D. R. (2000). Using the psychological commitment to team (PCT) scale to segment sport consumers based on loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(1), 15–25.
  • Matsumoto, H., Sato, S., Asada, A., & Chiashi, K. (2018). Exploring the relationship among leisure engagement, affective and cognitive leisure involvement, and subjective happiness: A mediating role of leisure satisfaction. World Leisure Journal, 60(2), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2018.1444669
  • Miller, L. E., & Smith, K. L. (1983). Handling nonresponse issues. The Journal of Extension, 21(5), 45–50.
  • Mittal, V., Kumar, P., & Tsiros, M. (1999). Attribute-level performance, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions over time: A consumption system approach. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299906300206
  • Ng, S. C., Sweeney, J., & Plewa, C. (2020). Customer engagement: A systematic review and future research priorities. Australian Marketing Journal, 28(4), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2020.05.004
  • Norman, R. (1975). Affective-cognitive consistency, attitudes, conformity, and behavior. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 32(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076865
  • Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(5), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
  • Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Mazerolle, P., & Piquero, A. (1998). Using the correct statistical test for the equality of regression coefficients. Criminology, 36(4), 859–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01268.x
  • Pizzo, A. D., Baker, B. J., Jones, G. J., & Funk, D. C. (2021). Sport experience design: Wearable fitness technology in the health and fitness industry. Journal of Sport Management, 35(2), 130–143. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2020-0150
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Method, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Raimondo, M. A., Miceli, G. N., & Costabile, M. (2008). How relationship age moderates loyalty formation: The increasing effect of relational equity on customer loyalty. Journal of Service Research, 11(2), 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670508324678
  • Ridinger, L. L., Funk, D. C., Jordan, J. S., & Kaplanidou, K. (2012). Marathons for the masses: Exploring the role of negotiation-efficacy and involvement on running commitment. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(2), 155–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2012.11950260
  • Sato, M., Jordan, J. S., & Funk, D. C. (2016). A distance-running event and life satisfaction: The mediating roles of involvement. Sport Management Review, 19(5), 536–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.04.001
  • Sato, M., Jordan, J. S., & Funk, D. C. (2019). Behavioral correlates of psychological involvement: A 2-year study. Journal of Sport Management, 33(2), 148–160. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0114
  • Seiders, K., Voss, G. B., Grewal, D., & Godfrey, A. L. (2005). Do satisfied customers buy more? Examining moderating influences in a retailing context. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.26
  • Selin, S. W., & Howard, D. R. (1988). Ego involvement and leisure behavior: A conceptual specification. Journal of Leisure Research, 20(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1988.11969777
  • Taylor, S. A., Celuch, K., & Goodwin, S. (2004). The importance of brand equity to customer loyalty. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 13(4), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420410546934
  • Thompson, W. R. (2023). Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2023. Acsm’s Health & Fitness Journal, 27(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1249/FIT.0000000000000834
  • Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.1.1.24036
  • Vlachopoulos, S., Theodorakis, N., & Kyle, G. (2008). Assessing exercise involvement among participants in health and fitness centres. European Sport Management Quarterly, 8(3), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740802224191
  • Watson, G. F., Beck, J. T., Henderson, C. M., & Palmatier, R. W. (2015). Building, measuring, and profiting from customer loyalty. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(6), 790–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0439-4
  • Yoshida, M. (2017). Consumer experience quality: A review and extension of the sport management literature. Sport Management Review, 20(5), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.01.002
  • Yoshida, M., Heere, B., & Gordon, B. (2015). Predicting behavioral loyalty through community: Why other fans are more important than our own intentions, our satisfaction, and the team itself. Journal of Sport Management, 29(3), 318–333. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2013-0306
  • Yoshida, M., James, J. D., & Cronin, J. J. (2013). Value creation: Assessing the relationships between quality, consumption value, and behavioral intentions at sporting events. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 14(2), 126–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-14-02-2013-B005

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.