Occupational apartheid and human rights: Narratives of Chilean same-sex couples who want to be parents

References

• Acharya, V. (2014). Preparing for motherhood: A role for occupational therapy. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 70(1), 16–17. doi: 10.1179/otb.2014.70.1.005
   Google Scholar
• Aldrich, R. (2008). From complexity theory to transactionalism: Moving occupational science forward in theorizing the complexities of behavior. Journal of Occupational Science, 15(3), 147–156. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2008.9686624
   Google Scholar
• Álvarez, J., & Vial, T. (2014). Homoparentalidad en Chile y Derechos Humanos [Same-sex parenthood in Chile and human rights]. In T. Vial & S. Missana (Eds.), Informe anual sobre derechos humanos en Chile 2014 [Annual Report on Human Rights in Chile 2014], (pp. 477–492). Santiago de Chile, Chile: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales.
   Google Scholar
• Álvarez, J., Del Pino S., & Vial, T. (2015). Derechos de la diversidad sexual 2015: avances y falencias [Rights of sexual diversity 2015: Progress and shortcomings]. In T. Vial & V. Parrini (Eds.), Informe anual sobre derechos humanos en Chile 2015 [Annual Report on Human Rights in Chile 2015], (pp. 366–385). Santiago de Chile, Chile: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales.
   Google Scholar
• Aravena, V., Larsen, C., Orsini, F., & Morrison, R. (2017). Influencia de la heteronorma en las elecciones ocupacionales y construcción de identidad de género de niñas y niños. Análisis del context educativo [Influence of heteronorm on occupational choices and construction of gender identity of girls and boys. Analysis of the educational context]. Revista de Estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional [Journal of Occupational Therapy Students], 4(2), 51–74.
   Google Scholar
• Avillo, C., Barrientos, B., Fernández, J., Matus, C., Morrison, R., & Olivares, C. (2015). Contexto y elecciones ocupacionales de adolescentes que se identifican como homosexuales [Context and occupational choices of adolescents who identify themselves as homosexuals]. Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional [Chilean Journal of Occupational Therapy], 15(2), 1–19. doi: 10.5354/0717-5346.2015.38157
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, D., & Jackson, J. (2005). The occupation of household financial management among lesbian couples. Journal of Occupational Science, 12(2), 57–68. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2005.9686549
   Google Scholar
• Balbontin, J. (2013). Memoria Política y resistencia. Mujeres chilenas en dictadura 1973 [Political memory and resistance. Chilean women under the dictatorship 1973.] Revista multidisciplinaria de estudios de género [Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies], s(7). Retrieved from http://www.alsurdetodo.com/?p=594
   Google Scholar
• Barlott, T., Shevellar, L., & Turpin, M. (2017). Becoming minor: Mapping new territories in occupational science. Journal of Occupational Science, 24(4), 524–534. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2017.1378121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beagan, B., & Hattie, B. (2015). LGBTQ experiences with religion and spirituality: Occupational transition and adaptation. Journal of Occupational Science, 22(4), 459–476. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2014.953670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beagan, B., De Souza, L., Godbout, C., Hamilton, L., MacLeod, J., Paynter, E., & Tobin, A. (2012). “This is the biggest thing you’ll ever do in your life”: Exploring the occupations of transgendered people. Journal of Occupational Science, 19(3), 226–240. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2012.659169
   Google Scholar
• Bernasconi, O. (2011) Aproximación narrativa al estudio de fenómenos sociales: principales líneas de desarrollo [Narrative approach to the study of social phenomena: Main lines for development.] Acta Sociológica, 1(56), 9–36. Retrieved from http://revistas.unam.mx/index.php/ras/article/view/28611
   Google Scholar
• Biblarz, T. J., & Savci, E. (2010). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 480–497. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile [Library of the National Congress of Chile]. [BCN]. (2000). Código Civil del Estado Chileno [Civil Code of the Chilean State]. Retrieved from http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=172986
   Google Scholar
• Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile [Library of the National Congress of Chile]. [BCN]. (2004). Ley N° 19.947: Ley de Matrimonio Civil [Law No. 19.947: Civil Marriage Law.] Retrieved from http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=225128
   Google Scholar
• Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile [Library of the National Congress of Chile]. [BCN]. (2015). Ley N° 20.030: Ley de Acuerdo de Unión Civil [Law No. 20.030: Law of Civil Union Agreement]. Retrieved from https://www.bcn.cl/leyfacil/recurso/acuerdo-de-union-civil
   Google Scholar
• Birkholtz, M., & Blair, S. E. (1999). ‘Coming out’ and its impact on women’s occupational behavior: A discussion paper. Journal of Occupational Science, 6(2), 68–74. doi: 10.1080/14427591.1999.9686453
   Google Scholar
• Bosman, E. (2015). Families first: GLBT family issues and resources. Choice, 52(6), 925–928, 930–935.
   Google Scholar
• Bustamante, L., Catalán, C., Salgado, J., & Spuler, G. (2017). Constructo social de la ocupación normada en músicas y músicos callejeros de la ciudad de Temuco: desde una mirada de justicia ocupacional [Social construction of the normed occupation of musicians and street musicians in the city of Temuco: From an occupational justice perspective]. Revista de Estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional [Journal of Occupational Therapy Students], 4(1), 14–38.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (2006). Deshacer el Género [Undoing gender]. Barcelona, España: Paidos.
   Google Scholar
• Castellar, A. (2010). Familia y homoparentalidad: una revisión del tema [Family and same-sex parenting: A theme review]. Revista CS, 5, 45–70.
   Google Scholar
• Chapdelaine, S., Shields, H., & Forwell, S. (2017). How mothers experience their adolescents’ first year in high school. Journal of Occupational Science, 24(3), 338–350. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2016.1254675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, F., & Lawlor, M. C. (2009). The making and mattering of occupational science. In E. B. Crepeau, E. S. Cohn & B. A. Boyt Schell. (Eds.), Willard and Spackman’s occupational therapy (11th ed., pp. 2–14). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Downs, M. L. (2008). Leisure routines: Parents and children with disability sharing occupation. Journal of Occupational Science, 15(2), 105–110. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2008.9686616
   Google Scholar
• Farias, L., Rudman, D. L., & Magalhães, L. (2016). Illustrating the importance of critical epistemology to realize the promise of occupational justice. OTJR-Occupation Participation and Health, 36(4), 234–243. doi: 10.1177/1539449216665561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca, C., & Quintero, M. (2009). La teoría queer: la de-construcción de las sexualidades periféricas [Queer theory: The de-construction of peripheral sexualities]. Revista Sociológica [Sociological Review], 24(69), 43–60.
   Google Scholar
• Francis-Connolly, E. (1998). It never ends: Mothering as a lifetime occupation. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 5(3), 149–155. doi: 10.3109/11038129809035740
   Google Scholar
• Galaz, C., Sepúlveda, M., Poblete, R., Troncoso, L., & Morrison, R. (2018). Derechos LGBTI en Chile: tensiones en la constitución de otredades sexualizadas [LGBTI rights in Chile: Tensions in the constitution of sexualized otherness]. Psicoperspectivas [Psychoperspectives], 17(1), 6–16. doi: 10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol17-issue1-fulltext-1165
   Google Scholar
• Galaz, C., Troncoso, L., & Morrison, R. (2016). Miradas Críticas sobre la Intervención Educativa en Diversidad Sexual [Critical views on educational intervention in sexual diversity]. Revista Latinoamericana de Educación Inclusiva [Latin American Journal of Inclusive Education], 10(2), 93–111. doi: 10.4067/S0718-73782016000200007
   Google Scholar
• Galvaan, R. (2014). The contextually situated nature of occupational choice: Marginalised young adolescents’ experiences in South Africa. Journal of Occupational Science, 22(1), 39–53. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2014.912124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gato, J., Santos, S., & Fontaine, A. M. (2017). To have or not to have children? That is the question. Factors influencing parental decisions among lesbians and gay men. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 14(3), 310–323. doi: 10.1007/s13178-016-0268-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez, A. (2004). Diversidad familiar y homoparentalidad [Family diversity and homoparentality]. Revista Pediátrica Atención Primaria [Pediatric Journal of Primary Care], 6(23), 361–365.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, J., Knotts, G., & Jackson, J. (2007). Doing dress and the construction of women’s gender identity. Journal of Occupational Science, 14(2), 100–107. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2007.9686590
   Google Scholar
• Hank, K., & Wetzel, M. (2018). Same-sex relationship experiences and expectations regarding partnership and parenthood. Demographic Research, 39, 701–717. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2131578250?accountid=14621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollekim, R., Slaatten, H., & Anderssen, N. (2012). A nationwide study of Norwegian beliefs about same-sex marriage and lesbian and gay parenthood. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 9(1), 15–30. doi: 10.1007/s13178-011-0049-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. (2015). Violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex persons in the Americas. Retrieved from http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/ViolenceLGBTIPersons.pdf
   Google Scholar
• International Commission of Jurists and International Service for Human Rights. (2007). Experts release groundbreaking principles on sexual orientation, gender identity, and human rights. Geneva: Author. Available from http://olddoc.ishr.ch/lca/press_releases/yogyakarta_press_release_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kiepek, N., Beagan, B., Rudman, D., & Phelan, S. (2018). Silences around occupations framed as unhealthy, illegal, and deviant. Journal of Occupational Science, 26(3), 341–353. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2018.1499123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsella, E. A. (2012). Knowledge paradigms in occupational science: Pluralistic perspectives. In G. E. Whiteford & C. Hocking (Eds.), Occupational science: Society, inclusion, participation (pp. 67–85). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kronenberg, F., Simó, S., & Pollard, N. (2007). Terapia Ocupacional sin Fronteras: aprendiendo del espíritu de los supervivientes [Occupational therapy without borders: Learning from the spirit of the survivors]. Buenos Aires: Ed. Médica Panamericana.
   Google Scholar
• Levin, M., & Helfrich, C. (2011). Mothering role identity and competence among parenting and pregnant homeless adolescents. Journal of Occupational Science, 11(3), 95–104. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2004.9686537
   Google Scholar
• Maceira, M., Rivas-Quarneti, N., & García, N. (2018). “Yo lo parí y él me dio la vida”: estudio de la transición ocupacional vinculada a la maternidad de dos mujeres con trastorno mental [“I gave birth to him and he gave me my life”: Study of occupational transition linked to motherhood of two women with mental disorders]. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional [Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy], 26(2), 271–285. doi: 10.4322/2526-8910.ctoAO1156
   Google Scholar
• Meezan, W., & Rauch, J. (2005). Gay marriage, same-sex parenting, and America’s children. The Future of Children, 15(2), 97–113. doi: 10.1353/foc.2005.0018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morozini, M. (2015). Exploring the engagement of parents in the co-occupation of parent-child play: An occupational science perspective. International Journal of Prevention and Treatment, 4(2A), 11–28. doi: 10.5923/s.ijpt.201501.02
   Google Scholar
• Murasaki, A. K., & Galheigo, S. M. (2016). Juventude, homossexualidade e diversidade: um estudo sobre o processo de sair do armário usando mapas corporais [Youth, homosexuality and diversity: A study on the process of ‘coming out’ using body-maps]. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional [Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy], 24(1), 53–68. doi: 10.4322/0104-4931.ctoAO0648
   Google Scholar
• Organization of American States [OAS]. (1969). American Convention on Human Rights, “Pact of San Jose”, Costa Rica. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36510.html
   Google Scholar
• Phoenix, N., & Ghul, R. (2016). Gender transition in the workplace: An occupational therapy perspective. Work, 55(1), 197–205. doi: 10.3233/WOR-162386
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poskey, G., Pizur-Barnekow, K., & Hersch, G. (2014). Parents’ response to infant crying: Contributing factors of the reciprocal interaction. Journal of Occupational Science, 21(4), 519–526. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2013.790668
   Google Scholar
• Prilleltensky, I. (2004). Prólogo: Validez psicopolítica: el próximo reto para psicología comunitaria [Prologue: Psychopolitical validity: The next challenge for community psychology]. In M. Montero (Ed.), Introducción a la psicología comunitaria. Desarrollo, conceptos y procesos [Introduction to community psychology. Development, concepts, and processes], (pp. 5–14). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Paidos.
   Google Scholar
• Ramugondo, E. L., & Kronenberg, F. (2015). Explaining collective occupations from a human relations perspective: Bridging the individual-collective dichotomy. Journal of Occupational Science, 22(1), 3–16. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2013.781920
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sanz, J., Pont, M. J., Álvarez, C., Gonzálvez, H., Jociles, M., Konvalinka, N., Pichardo, J., Rivas, A., & Romero E. (2013). Diversidad familiar: apuntes desde la antropología social [Family diversity: Notes from social anthropology]. Revista de Treball Social, 198, 30–40. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4336303
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, J., Page, J., & van Nes, F. (2018). “Now I feel much better than in my previous life”: Narratives of occupational transitions in young transgender adults. Journal of Occupational Science, 26(2), 219–232. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2018.1550726
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal, R. (2005). Occupations and identity in the life of a primary caregiving father. Journal of Occupational Science, 12(2), 82–90. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2005.9686551
   Google Scholar
• Seid, G. (2013). Más allá de subjetividades, discursos y sentidos: el método biográfico para reconstruir trayectorias de clase [Beyond subjectivities, discourses and senses: The biographical method for reconstructing class trajectories]. In M. Arnold (Ed.), Crisis y Emergencias Sociales en América Latina [Crisis and social emergencies in Latin America.] Simposio llevado a cabo en XXIX Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Sociología, Santiago, Chile [Symposium held at the XXIX Congress of the Latin American Association of Sociology], Santiago, Chile.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, L., & Rudman, D. L. (2009). Using occupational science to study occupational transitions in the realm of work: From micro to macro levels. Work, 32(4), 361–364. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2009-0848
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Yogyakarta Principles. (2007). The Yogyakarta Principles: Principles on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. Retrieved from http://yogyakartaprinciples.org
   Google Scholar
• Timothy, L. (1999). Social norms and judicial decision-making: Examining the role of narratives in same-sex adoption cases. Columbia Law Review, 99, 739–794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend, E. (2015). Critical occupational literacy: Thinking about occupational justice, ecological sustainability, and aging in everyday life. Journal of Occupational Science, 22(4), 389–402. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2015.1071691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations [UN]. (1964). Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/MinimumAgeForMarriage.aspx
   Google Scholar
• United Nations [UN]. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Vaggione, M. (2012). Introducción [Introduction]. In J. Morán, M. Sgró & J. Vaggione (Eds.), Sexualidades, desigualdades y derechos: reflexiones en torno a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos [Sexualities, inequalities and rights: Reflections on sexual and reproductive rights], (pp. 13–55). Córdoba, Argentina: Ciencia, Derecho y Sociedad Editorial.
   Google Scholar
• Velastegui, G. (2019). Los principios constitucionales de igualdad y no discriminación en la regulación del matrimonio igualitario en la legislación ecuatoriana. Tesis de grado para optar al título de Abogada [The constitutional principles of equality and non-discrimination in the regulation of egalitarian marriage in Ecuador’s legislation. Dissertation for a degree as Attorney]. Ambato: Escuela de Jurisprudencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador. Available at: http://repositorio.pucesa.edu.ec/handle/123456789/2750
   Google Scholar
• Wada, M., Backman, C., Forwell, S., Roth, W., & Ponzetti, J. J. (2014). Balance in everyday life: Dual-income parents’ collective and individual conceptions. Journal of Occupational Science, 21(3), 259–276. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2014.913331
   Google Scholar
• Wilcock, A. (1999). Reflections on doing, being and becoming. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 46, 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcock, A. A., & Hocking, C. (2015). An occupational perspective of health (3rd ed.). Thorofare, NJ: Slack.
   Google Scholar
• Zapata, B. (2009). Homoparentalidad en Colombia: Trazas iniciales de una investigación en curso [Same-sex parenthood in Colombia: Initial traces of an ongoing investigation]. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Familia [Latin American Journal of Family Studies], 1, 140–162.
   Google Scholar