- George Langhorne, Reminiscences of James [William] Buckley Who Lived for Thirty Years Among the Wallawarro or Watourong Tribes at Geelong Port Phillip, Communicated by Him to George Langhorne, 1837, MS13483 in the State Library of Victoria, http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/249298.
- Where possible, both Indigenous and European placenames are given the first time they are used, with the Indigenous name first. Subsequent references will be to the European name (since they are better known).
- The Wathaurong are one of the five language groups who make up the Kulin nation. The others are the Woiwurung, the Taungurong, the Djadjawurung, and the Boonwurrung. Spelling is taken from the AIATSIS language map of Aboriginal Australia.
- Tim Flannery, ed., The Birth of Melbourne (Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2002), 7.
- James Boyce, 1835: The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia (Melbourne: Black Inc., 2011), 5.
- Mary Nicholls, ed., The Diary of the Reverend Robert Knopwood 1803–1838: First Chaplain of Van Diemen's Land (Sandy Bay, Tasmania: Tasmanian Historical Research Association, 1977), 34. Details of the escape vary according to different sources.
- John Morgan, The Life and Adventures of William Buckley: Thirty-Two Years a Wanderer Amongst the Aborigines of the Unexplored Country round Port Phillip (1552) (Hobart: William Heinemann, 1967). Unless otherwise stated, this account—the result of a collaboration between Buckley and Hobart journalist John Morgan—is the source of Buckley's version of events I present in this paper.
- James Dawson, Australian Aborigines: The Language and Customs of Several Tribes of Aborigines in the Western District of Victoria, Australia (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1981), 110–1. Purranmurnin Tallarwurnin was, at this time, living at Framlingham Reserve, an Aboriginal reserve that operated from 1861 to 1916. Her account was given sometime before 1881.
- John Morgan, The Life and Adventures of William Buckley, 21.
- Ibid., 25–6.
- McRae was also known as Tommy Barnes, Yackaduna, and Warraeuea.
- James Bonwick, The Wild White Man and the Blacks of Victoria (Melbourne: Ferguson and Moore, 1863), 3.
- For selected accounts of Buckley's children, see ‘George Langhorne's Reminiscences of William Buckley’, The Age (Melbourne), 29 July 1911: 4; and Bonwick, Wild White Man, 6.
- John Morgan, The Life and Adventures of William Buckley, 38. Waurn Ponds is on the outskirts of Geelong.
- Ibid., 78–9.
- Marcus Clarke, ‘The Wild White Man’, Old Tales of a Young Country (Melbourne: Mason, Firth, and McCutcheon, General Printers, 1871), 7.
- James Boyce, The Founding of Melbourne, 49–51.
- Ibid., 36.
- Ibid., 44.
- ‘The Batman Deed’, MS13485, State Library of Victoria, www.slv.vic.gov.au/portphillip/0/0/1/tdoc/pp0018-001-0.shtml.
- James Boyce, The Founding of Melbourne, 60–1.
- Ibid., 73.
- The Todd Journal (1835) (Geelong: Geelong Historical Society, 1989), 26.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid., 29.
- James Dawson, Australian Aborigines, 111.
- The Todd Journal, 31.
- John Morgan, The Life and Adventures of William Buckley, 87.
- Marcus Clarke, ‘The Wild White Man’, 8.
- James Bonwick, Wild White Man, 11.
- James Bonwick, Port Phillip Settlement (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1883), 10–1.
- This is an edited, abridged version of a quote from William Barak from The Argus, 12 December 1931: 11. By the 1890s, Barak and his community had been driven off their lands and Barak was living at Coranderrk, an Aboriginal reserve not far from Melbourne. William Barak gave this account while at Coranderrk mission sometime after 1863.
- The ‘boundary beyond which no land could be claimed’, James Boyce, 1835, 22.
- Ibid., xi.
- James Bonwick, Wild White Man, 3–4.
- ‘Buckley soon fell in with a party of natives, and for over 30 years had lived with the tribe, not raising them to his level, but descending to theirs.’ ‘Buckley's Chance’, The Mercury (Hobart), 5 August 1912: 4. ‘The state of his mind is shown by the fact that he had not enlightened the natives but had sunk to their level.’ ‘William Buckley’, The Argus, 2 January 1923: 10. ‘So lazy, so inert, so devoid of energy was the man who had lived thirty-three years without attempting to raise the natives one step in European civilisation’, James Bonwick, Wild White Man, 90.
- James Bonwick, Wild White Man, 13.
- ‘William Buckley: Reminiscences of George Langhorne’, The Age: 4.
- James Dawson, Australian Aborigines, 111.
- ‘William Buckley: Reminiscences of George Langhorne’, The Age: 4.
- James Bonwick, Wild White Man, 14.
- Ibid., 14. Ten Kulin people are estimated to have been killed in this reprisal raid. See Jan Critchett, A Distant Field of Murder: Western District Frontiers 1834–1848 (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1990), 242.
- Cited in James Bonwick, Wild White Man, 14.
- James Bonwick, Wild White Man, 14.
- Andrew Sayers, ‘Jump Up Whitefellow: The Iconography of William Buckley’, Voices (Canberra) 6, no. 4, Summer 1996–7: 16.
- Andrew Sayers, Aboriginal Artists of the Nineteenth Century (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994), 33.
- Andrew Sayers, ‘Jump Up Whitefellow’, 19.
- The Todd Journal, 26.
- Andrew Sayers, ‘Jump Up Whitefellow’, 20.
- James Bonwick, Port Phillip Settlement, 7.
- James Dawson, Australian Aborigines, 111.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Art
Volume 13, 2013 - Issue 1: Contact