82
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Models for Multi-site Problem Gambling Clinical Trials

&
Pages 129-145 | Published online: 17 Feb 2007

References

  • Abbott , M.W. 2005a . “ Guest editorial: Gambling policy, practice and research ” . In Gambling Policy, Practice and Research: One Year On. Conference Proceedings, eCOMMUNITY, International Journal of Mental Health and Addictions 1 – 5 . http://www.ecommunity-journal.com/proc04/index.php
  • Abbott , M.W. 2005b . Guest editorial: International Gambling Conference . eCOMMUNITY, International Journal of Mental Health and Addictions , 3 ( 1 ) : 1 – 2 .
  • Abbott , M.W. and McKenna , B.G. 2000 . Gambling and Problem Gambling among Recently Sentenced Women Prisoners in New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, NZ
  • Abbott , M.W. and Volberg , R.A. 1999 . Gambling and Problem Gambling in the Community: An International Overview and Critique Report No. 1 of the New Zealand Gaming Survey. Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, NZ
  • Abbott , M.W. , McKenna , B.G. and Giles , L.C. 2000 . Gambling and Problem Gambling among Recently Sentenced Males in Four New Zealand Prisons Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, NZ
  • Abbott , M.W. , Volberg , R.A. , Bellringer , M. and Reith , G. 2004a . A Review of Research on Aspects of Problem Gambling: Final Report Auckland: Gambling Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, NZ
  • Abbott , M.W. , Williams , M.M. and Volberg , R.A. 2004b . ‘A prospective study of problem and non problem regular gamblers living in the community’ . Substance Use and Misuse , 39 ( 6 ) : 855 – 84 .
  • Ariza , A.J. , Binns , H.J. and Christoffel , K.K. 2004 . Pediatric Practice Research Group. Evaluating computer capabilities in a primary care practice-based research network . Annuals of Family Medicine , 2 ( 5 ) : 418 – 20 .
  • Blackman , S. , Simone , R.V. and Thoms , D.R. 1989 . The Gamblers Treatment Clinic of St. Vincent's North Richmond Community Mental Health Center: characteristics of the clients and outcome of treatment . International Journal of Addiction , 24 ( 1 ) : 29 – 37 .
  • Blanco , C. , Petkova , E. , Ibanez , A. and Saiz-Ruiz , J. 2002 . ‘A pilot placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine for pathological gambling’ . Annals of Clinical Psychiatry , 14 ( 1 ) : 9 – 15 .
  • Blaszczynski , A. and Farrell , E. 1998 . A case series of 44 completed gambling-related suicides . Journal of Gambling Studies , 14 ( 2 ) : 93 – 109 .
  • Blaszczynski , A. and McConaghy , N. 1994 . ‘Criminal offences in Gamblers Anonymous and hospital treated pathological gamblers’ . Journal of Gambling Studies , 10 ( 2 ) : 99 – 127 .
  • Blaszczynski , A. and Silove , D. 1995 . Cognitive and behavioral therapies of pathological gambling . Journal of Gambling Studies , 11 : 195 – 219 .
  • Blaszczynski , A. and Silove , D. 1996 . Pathological gambling: forensic issues . Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 30 ( 3 ) : 358 – 69 .
  • Blaszczynski , A. , McConaghy , N. and Frankova , A. 1989 . Crime, antisocial personality and pathological gambling . Journal of Gambling Behavior , 5 ( 2 ) : 137 – 52 .
  • Campbell , C.S. and Smith , G.J. 2003 . Gambling in Canada, from vice to disease to responsibility: a negotiated history . Canadian Bulletin of Medical History , 20 ( 1 ) : 121 – 49 .
  • Chambless , D.L. and Ollendick , T.H. 2001 . Empirically supported psychological interventions: controversies and evidence . Annual Review of Psychology , 52 : 685 – 716 .
  • Chetwynd , J. 1997 . “ Problem gambling ” . In Mental Health in New Zealand from a Public Health Perspective , Edited by: Ellis , P.M. and Collings , S.C.D. Wellington, NZ : Ministry of Health .
  • Culpepper , L. and Froom , J. 1988 . The International Primary Care Network: purpose, methods and policies . Family Medicine , 20 ( 3 ) : 197 – 201 .
  • Doig , G.S. and Simpson , F. 2003 . Efficient literature searching: a core skill for the practice of evidence-based medicine . Intensive Care Medicine , 29 ( 12 ) : 2119 – 2127 . Epub 3 September 2003
  • Echeburua , E., , Fernandez-Montalvo , J. and Baez , C. 2000 . Prevention in the treatment of slot-machine pathological gambling: Long term outcome . Behavior Therapy , 31 : 351 – 64 .
  • Echeburua , E. and Fernandez-Montalvo , J. 2005 . ‘Psychological treatment of slot-machine pathological gambling: new perspectives’ . Journal of Gambling Studies , 21 ( 1 ) : 21 – 6 .
  • Echeburua , E. , Baez , C. and Fernandez-Montalvo , J. 1996 . ‘Comparative effectiveness of three therapeutic modalities in the psychological treatment of pathological gambling’ . Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 24 : 51 – 72 .
  • Erickson , L. , Molina , C.A. , Ladd , G.T. , Pietrzak , R.H. and Petry , N.M. 2005 . Problem and pathological gambling are associated with poorer mental and physical health in older adults . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 20 ( 8 ) : 754 – 9 .
  • Ernst , E. and Resch , K.L. 1995 . Concept of true and perceived placebo effects . British Medical Journal , 311 ( 7004 ) : 551 – 3 .
  • Forman , R.F. , Svikis , D. , Montoya , I.D. and Blaine , J. 2004 . Selection of a substance use disorder diagnostic instrument by the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 27 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
  • Frank , M. , Lester , D. and Wexler , A. 1991 . Suicidal behavior among members of Gamblers Anonymous . Journal of Gambling Studies , 7 : 249 – 54 .
  • Fuller , R.K. 1991 . ‘Assessment of treatment outcome’ . Alcohol and Alcoholism , : 519 – 22 . Suppl. 1,
  • Fuller , R.K. , Mattson , M.E. , Allen , J.P. , Randall , C.L. , Anton , R.F. and Babor , T.F. 1994 . Multisite clinical trials in alcoholism treatment research: organizational, methodological and management issues . Journal of Studies on Alcoholism , : 30 – 7 . Suppl. 12,
  • Geddes , J. and Charney , S. 2001 . Recent advances in evidence-based psychiatry . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 46 ( 5 ) : 403 – 6 .
  • Geddes , J. and Goodwin , G. 2001 . Bipolar disorder: clinical uncertainty, evidence-based medicine and large-scale randomised trials . British Journal of Psychiatry , : 191 – 4 . Suppl. 41,
  • Genel , M. and Dobs , A. 2003 . Translating clinical research into practice: practice-based research networks—a promising solution . Journal of Investigative Medicine , 51 ( 2 ) : 64 – 71 .
  • Gonzalez-Ibanez , A. , Rosel , P. and Moreno , I. 2005 . Evaluation and treatment of pathological gambling . Journal of Gambling Studies , 21 ( 1 ) : 35 – 42 .
  • Grant , J.E. and Kim , S.W. 2001 . Demographic and clinical features of 131 adult pathological gamblers . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 62 ( 12 ) : 957 – 62 .
  • Grant , J.E. and Kim , S.W. 2005 . Quality of life in kleptomania and pathological gambling . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 46 ( 1 ) : 34 – 7 .
  • Grant , J.E. , Kim , S.W. , Potenza , M.N. , Blanco , C. , Ibanez , A. , Stevens , L. , Hektner , J.M. and Zaninelli , R. 2003 . Paroxetine treatment of pathological gambling: a multi-centre randomized controlled trial . International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 18 ( 4 ) : 243 – 9 .
  • Green , L.A. , White , L.L. , Barry , H.C. , Nease , D.E. Jr and Hudson , B.L. 2005 . Infrastructure requirements for practice-based research networks . Annals of Family Medicine , : S5 – S11 . 3, Suppl. 1,
  • Hanson , G.R. , Leshner , A.I. and Tai , B. 2002 . Putting drug abuse research to use in real-life settings . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 23 ( 2 ) : 69 – 70 .
  • Hodgins , D.C. , Currie , S.R. and el-Guebaly , N. 2001 . Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 69 ( 1 ) : 50 – 7 .
  • Hollander , E. , DeCaria , C.M. , Mari , E. , Wong , C.M. , Mosovich , S. , Grossman , R. and Begaz , T. 1998 . Short-term single-blind fluvoxamine treatment of pathological gambling . American Journal of Psychiatry , 155 ( 12 ) : 1781 – 3 .
  • Hollander , E. , Pallanti , S. , Allen , A. and Sood , E. 2005 . Does sustained-release lithium reduce impulsive gambling and affective instability versus placebo in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorders? . American Journal of Psychiatry , 162 ( 1 ) : 137 – 45 .
  • Huber , A. , Lord , R.H. , Gulati , V. , Marinelli-Casey , P. , Rawson , R. and Ling , W. 2000 . The CSAT methamphetamine treatment program: research design accommodations for real world application . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 32 ( 2 ) : 149 – 56 .
  • Hyland , M.E. 2003 . Using the placebo response in clinical practice . Clinical Medicine , 3 ( 4 ) : 347 – 50 .
  • Kaptchuk , T.J. 2002 . The placebo effect in alternative medicine: can the performance of a healing ritual have clinical significance? . Annals of Internal Medicine , 136 ( 11 ) : 817 – 25 .
  • Kellogg , S.H. , Burns , M. , Coleman , P. , Stitzer , M. , Wale , J.B. and Kreek , M.J. 2005 . Something of value: the introduction of contingency management interventions into the New York City Health and Hospital Addiction Treatment Service . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 28 ( 1 ) : 57 – 65 .
  • Khan , A. and Schwartz , K. 2005 . Study designs and outcomes in antidepressant clinical trials . Essential Psychopharmacology , 6 ( 4 ) : 221 – 6 .
  • Khan , A. , Kolts , R.L. , Rapaport , M.H. , Krishnan , K.R. , Brodhead , A.E. and Browns , W.A. 2005 . Magnitude of placebo response and drug–placebo differences across psychiatric disorders . Psychological Medicine , 35 ( 5 ) : 743 – 9 .
  • Kim , S.W. , Grant , J.E. , Adson , D.E. and Shin , Y.C. 2001 . Double-blind naltrexone and placebo comparison study in the treatment of pathological gambling . Biological Psychiatry , 49 ( 11 ) : 914 – 21 .
  • Kim , S.W. , Grant , J.E. , Adson , D.E. , Shin , Y.C. and Zaninelli , R. 2002 . A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of paroxetine in the treatment of pathological gambling . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 63 ( 6 ) : 501 – 7 .
  • Ladouceur , R. , Boisvert , J. , Pepin , M. , Loranger , M. and Sylvain , C. 1994 . Social cost of pathological gambling . Journal of Gambling Studies , 10 ( 4 ) : 399 – 409 .
  • Ladouceur , R. , Sylvain , C. , Boutin , C. , Lachance , S. , Doucet , C. , Leblond , J. and Jacques , C. 2001 . Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 189 ( 11 ) : 74 – 80 .
  • Ladouceur , R. , Sylvain , C. , Boutin , C. , Lachance , S. , Doucet , C. and Leblond , J. 2003 . Group therapy for pathological gamblers: a cognitive approach . Behavior Research and Therapy , 41 ( 5 ) : 587 – 96 .
  • Leshner , A.I. 2002 . Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology: National Institute on Drug Abuse's clinical research agenda . Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology , 10 ( 3 ) : 159 – 61 .
  • Lesieur , H.R. and Blume , S.B. 1991 . Evaluation of patients treated for pathological gambling in a combined alcohol, substance abuse and pathological gambling treatment unit using the Addiction Severity Index . British Journal of Addiction , 86 ( 8 ) : 1017 – 28 .
  • Leverich , G.S. , Nolen , W.A. , Rush , A.J. , McElroy , S.L. , Keck , P.E. , Denicoff , K.D. , Suppes , T. , Altshuler , L.L. , Kupka , R. , Kramlinger , K.G. and Post , R.M. 2001 . The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network. I. Longitudinal methodology . Journal of Affective Disorders , 67 ( 1–3 ) : 33 – 44 .
  • Lopez Viets , V.C. and Miller , W.R. 1997 . Treatment approaches for pathological gamblers . Clinical Psychology Review , 17 ( 7 ) : 689 – 702 .
  • Lydiard , R.B. , Perera , P. , Batzar , E. and Clary , C.M. 1999 . From the bench to the trench: A comparison of sertraline treatment of major depression in clinical and research patient samples . Primary Care Companion: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 1 ( 5 ) : 154 – 62 .
  • Maccallum , F. and Blaszczynski , A. 2003 . Pathological gambling and suicidality: an analysis of severity and lethality . Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior , 33 ( 1 ) : 88 – 98 .
  • Mallinckrodt , C.H. , Watkin , J.G. , Liu , C. , Wohlreich , M.M. and Raskin , J. 2005 . ‘Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a comparison of efficacy in patients with and without melancholic features’ . British Medical Council Psychiatry , 5 ( 1 ) : 1
  • March , J.S. , Silva , S.G. , Compton , S. , Shapiro , M. , Califf , R. and Krishnan , R. 2005 . The case for practical clinical trials in psychiatry . American Journal of Psychiatry , 162 ( 5 ) : 836 – 46 .
  • Mattson , M.E. and Donovan , D.M. 1994a . Alcoholism treatment matching research: methodological and clinical issues . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , : 5 – 14 . Suppl. 12,
  • Mattson , M.E. and Donovan , D.M. 1994b . Clinical applications: the transition from research to practice . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , : 163 – 6 . Suppl. 12,
  • McCormick , R.A. , Russo , A.M. , Ramirez , L.F. and Taber , J.I. 1984 . Affective disorders among pathological gamblers seeking treatment . American Journal of Psychiatry , 141 ( 2 ) : 215 – 8 .
  • McElroy , S.L. , Altshuler , L.L. , Suppes , T. , Keck , P.E. Jr , Frye , M.A. , Denicoff , K.D. , Nolen , W.A. , Kupka , R.W. , Leverich , G.S. , Rochussen , J.R. , Rush , A.J. and Post , R.M. 2001 . Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 ( 3 ) : 420 – 6 .
  • Merrill , K.A. , Tolbert , V.E. and Wade , W.A. 2003 . Effectiveness of cognitive therapy for depression in a community mental health center: a benchmarking study . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 ( 2 ) : 404 – 9 .
  • Ministry of Health . 2005 . Preventing and Minimising Gambling Harm: Three-year Funding Plan 2004–2007 , New Zealand : Ministry of Health, Wellington .
  • Mold , J.W. and Peterson , K.A. 2005 . ‘Primary care practice-based research networks: working at the interface between research and quality improvement’ . Annuals of Family Medicine , : S12 – S20 . 3, Suppl. 1,
  • Mulder , R.T. , Frampton , C. , Joyce , P.R. and Porter , R. 2003 . Randomized controlled trials in psychiatry. Part II: their relationship to clinical practice . Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 37 ( 3 ) : 265 – 9 .
  • Nagykaldi , Z. , Mold , J.W. and Aspy , C.B. 2005 . Practice facilitators: a review of the literature . Family Medicine , 37 ( 8 ) : 581 – 8 .
  • National Council on Problem Gambling . 1999 . 1998 National survey of problem gambling programs Washington, D.C Report prepared for the National Gambling Impact Study Commission.
  • National Responsible Gambling Program . 2005 . Annual Report 2004 Available at: www. responsiblegambling.co.za (accessed on 17 September 2005)
  • Oakley-Browne , M.A. , Adams , P. and Mobberley , P.M. 2000 . Interventions for pathological gambling . Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews , 2 : CD001521
  • Onken , L.S. , Blaine , J.D. and Battjes , R.J. 1997 . “ Behavioral therapy research: A conceptualization of a process ” . In Innovative Approaches for Difficult-to-treat Populations , Edited by: Henggeler , S.W. and Santos , A.B. 447 – 85 . Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Association .
  • Pace , W.D. and Staton , E.W. 2005 . Electronic data collection options for practice-based research networks . Annals of Family Medicine , : S21 – 9 . 3, Suppl. 1,
  • Papakostas , Y.G. and Daras , M.D. 2001 . Placebos, placebo effect and the response to the healing situation: the evolution of a concept . Epilepsia , 42 ( 12 ) : 1614 – 25 .
  • Pearce , K.A. , Love , M.M. , Barron , M.A. , Matheny , S.C. and Mahfoud , Z. 2004 . How and why to study the practice content of a practice-based research network . Annuals of Family Medicine , 2 ( 5 ) : 425 – 8 .
  • Petry , N.M. 2003 . A comparison of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers based on preferred gambling activity . Addiction , 98 ( 5 ) : 645 – 55 .
  • Petry , N.M. 2005 . Gamblers Anonymous and cognitive-behavioral therapies for pathological gamblers . Journal of Gambling Studies , 21 ( 1 ) : 27 – 33 .
  • Pietrzak , R.H. , Molina , C.A. , Ladd , G.T. , Kerins , G.J. and Petry , N.M. 2005 . Health and psychosocial correlates of disordered gambling in older adults . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 13 ( 6 ) : 510 – 9 .
  • Post , R.M. , Nolen , W.A. , Kupka , R.W. , Denicoff , K.D. , Leverich , G.S. , Keck , P.E. Jr , McElroy , S.L. , Rush , A.J. , Suppes , T. , Altshuler , L.L. , Frye , M.A. , Grunze , H. and Walden , J. 2001 . The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network. I. Rationale and methods . British Journal of Psychiatry , : s169 – 76 . Suppl. 41,
  • Potenza , M.N. 2005 . Advancing treatment strategies for pathological gambling . Journal of Gambling Studies , 21 ( 1 ) : 91 – 8 .
  • Potenza , M.N. , Steinberg , M.A. , McLaughlin , S.D. , Rounsaville , B.J. and O'Malley , S.S. 2000 . Illegal behaviors in problem gambling: analysis of data from a gambling helpline . Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and Law , 28 ( 4 ) : 389 – 403 .
  • Productivity Commission . 1999 . Australia's gambling industries, Report No. 10 AusInfo, Canberra, Australia. Available at http://www.pc.gov.au/, accessed 25 August 2006
  • Raylu , N. and Oei , T.P. 2002 . Pathological gambling. A comprehensive review . Clinical Psychology Review , 22 ( 7 ) : 1009 – 61 .
  • Rawson , R.A. , Marinelli-Casey , P. , Anglin , M.D. , Dickow , A. , Frazier , Y. , Gallagher , C. , Galloway , G.P. , Herrell , J. , Huber , A. , McCann , M.J. , Obert , J. , Pennell , S. , Reiber , C. , Vandersloot , D. and Zweben , J. 2004 . Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors. 2004. ‘A multi-site comparison of psychosocial approaches for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence . Addiction , 99 ( 6 ) : 708 – 17 .
  • Rawson , R.A. , McCann , M.J. , Huber , A. , Marinelli-Casey , P. and Williams , L. 2000 . Moving research into community settings in the CSAT methamphetamine treatment project: the coordinating center perspective . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 32 ( 2 ) : 201 – 8 .
  • Rounsaville , B.J. , Carroll , K.M. and Onken , L.S. 2001a . A stage model of behavioral therapies research: Getting started and moving on from Stage I . Clinical Psychology—Science and Practice , 8 ( 2 ) : 133 – 42 .
  • Rounsaville , B.J. , Carroll , K.M. and Onken , L.S. 2001b . Methodological diversity and theory in the stage model: Reply to Kazdin . Clinical Psychology—Science and Practice , 8 ( 2 ) : 152 – 4 .
  • Rugle , L.J. , Derevensky , J. , Gupta , R. , Winters , K.C. and Stinchfield , R. 2001 . The Treatment of Pathological Gambling Washington, DC Commissioned by the Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
  • Saiz-Ruiz , J. , Blanco , C. , Ibanez , A. , Masramon , X. , Gomez , M.M. , Madrigal , M. and Diez , T. 2005 . Sertraline treatment of pathological gambling: a pilot study . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 66 ( 1 ) : 28 – 33 .
  • Scherrer , J.F. , Xian , H. , Shah , K.R. , Volberg , R. , Slutske , W. and Eisen , S.A. 2005 . Effect of genes, environment and lifetime co-occurring disorders on health-related quality of life in problem and pathological gamblers . Archives of General Psychiatry , 62 ( 6 ) : 677 – 83 .
  • Schweizer , E. and Rickels , K. 1997 . Placebo response in generalized anxiety: its effect on the outcome of clinical trials . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , : 30 – 8 . 58, Suppl. 11,
  • Shaffer , H.J. and Korn , D.A. 2002 . Gambling and related mental disorders: a public health analysis . Annual Review of Public Health , 23 : 171 – 212 .
  • Shaffer , H.J. , LaBrie , R.A. , LaPlante , D.A. , Nelson , S.E. and Stanton , M.V. 2004 . The road less travelled: Moving from distribution to determinants in the study of gambling epidemiology . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 49 ( 8 ) : 504 – 16 .
  • Shaffer , H.J. , LaBrie , R.A. , LaPlante , D.A. , Kidman , R.C. and Donato , A.N. 2005 . The Iowa Gambling Treatment Program: Treatment outcomes for a follow-up sample . Journal of Gambling Studies , 21 ( 1 ) : 59 – 71 .
  • Shepherd , M. 1993 . The placebo: from specificity to the nonspecific and back . Psychological Medicine , 23 ( 3 ) : 569 – 78 .
  • Stinchfield , R. and Winters , K.C. 2001 . Outcome of Minnesota's gambling treatment programs . Journal of Gambling Studies , 17 ( 3 ) : 217 – 45 .
  • Sylvain , C. , Ladouceur , R. and Boisvert , J.M. 1997 . Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 65 ( 5 ) : 727 – 32 .
  • Taber , J.I. , McCormick , R.A. , Russo , A.M. , Adkins , B.J. and Ramirez , L.F. 1987 . Follow-up of pathological gamblers after treatment . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 ( 6 ) : 757 – 61 .
  • Templer , D.I. , Kaiser , G. and Siscoe , K. 1993 . Correlates of pathological gambling propensity in prison inmates . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 34 ( 5 ) : 347 – 51 .
  • The UKATT Research Team . 2001 . United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT): hypotheses, design and methods . Alcohol and Alcoholism , 36 ( 1 ) : 11 – 21 .
  • The UKATT Research Team . 2005a . Cost effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: Findings of the randomised UK Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT) . British Medical Journal , 331 ( 7516 ) : 544
  • The UKATT Research Team . 2005b . Effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: Findings of the randomised UK alcohol treatment trial (UKATT) . British Medical Journal , 331 ( 7516 ) : 541
  • Toneatto , T. and Ladouceur , R. 2003 . Treatment of pathological gambling: a critical review of the literature . Psychology of Addictive Behaviours , 42 : 92 – 9 .
  • Toneatto , T. and Millar , G. 2004 . Assessing and treating problem gambling: empirical status and promising trends . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 49 ( 8 ) : 517 – 25 .
  • Walach , H. and Maidhof , C. 1999 . “ Is the placebo effect dependent on time? ” . In How Expectancies Shape Experience , Edited by: Kirsh , I. 384 – 407 . Washington, D.C : American Psychological Association .
  • Walker , M.B. 1992 . The Psychology of Gambling , Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Weihrauch , T.R. 2000 . Placebo effects and adverse effects in clinical trials . Medizinische Klinik , 95 ( 1 ) : 23 – 30 .
  • Westphal , J. 2007 . Are the effects of gambling treatments overestimated? . International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction , 5 ( 1 )
  • Westphal, J. ‘submitted The evidence base supporting the sub-typing of gamblers in treatment accepted for publication to International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction.
  • Zarin , D.A. , Pincus , H.A. , West , J.C. and McIntyre , J.S. 1997 . Practice-based research in psychiatry . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 ( 9 ) : 1199 – 208 .
  • Zarin , D.A. , Young , J.L. and West , J.C. 2005 . Challenges to evidence-based medicine: a comparison of patients and treatments in randomized controlled trials with patients and treatments in a practice research network . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 40 ( 1 ) : 27 – 35 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.