Gambling problems seldom come alone: prevalence and temporal relationships of mental health problems in casino excluders

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Bech, P. (2004). Measuring the dimensions of psychological general well being by the WHO-5. Quality of Life Newsletter, 32, 15–16.
   Google Scholar
• Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 97(5), 487–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brähler, E., Mühlan, H., Albani, C., & Schmidt, S. (2007). Teststatistische prüfung und normierung der deutschen versionen des EUROHIS-QOL lebensqualität-index und des WHO-5 wohlbefindens-index [Testing and standardization of the German version of the EUROHIS-QOL and WHO-5 quality-of life-indices]. Diagnostica, 53(2), 83–96.
   Google Scholar
• Bühringer, G., Kraus, L., Sonntag, D., Pfeiffer-Gerschel, T., & Steiner, S. (2007). Pathologisches glücksspiel in deutschland: Spiel- und bevölkerungsrisiken [Pathological gambling in Germany: Gambling and population based risks]. Sucht, 53(5), 296–308.
   Google Scholar
• Calado, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015). Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 592–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, I. M., McCormick, A. V., & Corrado, R. R. (2011). BCLC’s voluntary self-exclusion program: Perceptions and experiences of a sample of program participants. Retrieved from https://corporate.bclc.com/content/dam/bclc/corporate/documents/corporate-reports/VSE-Longitudinal-Study.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Croucher, J. S., Croucher, R. F., & Leslie, J. R. (2006). Report of the pilot study on the self-exclusion program conducted by GameChange (NSW). Retrieved from https://www.ipart.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/website/trimholdingbay/gambling04.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Doering, S., Renn, D., Höfer, S., Rumpold, G., Smrekar, U., Janecke, N., … Schüßler, G. (2007). Validation of the ‘Assessment of DSM-IV personality disorders (ADP-IV)’ questionnaire. Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, 53, 111–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, G. H. (2000). BSI. Brief symptom inventory – deutsche version. manual [BSI. brief symptom inventory – german version. manual]. Göttingen: Beltz.
   Google Scholar
• Glaesmer, H., Grande, G., Brähler, E., & Roth, M. (2011). The German version of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) – psychometric properties, validity, and population-based norms. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(2), 127–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D., & Williams, P. (1988). A users guide to the general health questionnaire. Slough: NFER-Nelson.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, J. E., & Kim, S. W. (2005). Quality of life in kleptomania and pathological gambling. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 34–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayer, T., & Meyer, G. (2011). Self-exclusion as a harm minimization strategy: Evidence for the casino sector from selected European countries. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(4), 685–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hing, N., Russell, A., Tolchard, B., & Nuske, E. (2015). Are there distinctive outcomes from self-exclusion? An exploratory study comparing gamblers who have self-excluded, received counselling, or both. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(4), 481–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibáñez, A., Blanco, C., Donahue, E., Lesieur, H. R., Pérez de Castro, I., Fernández-Piqueras, J., & Sáiz-Ruiz, J. (2001). Psychiatric comorbidity in pathological gamblers seeking treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1733–1735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobi, F., Klose, M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2004). Mental disorders in the community: Healthcare utilization and disability days. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 47(8), 736–744.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Mroczek, D., Ustun, B., & Wittchen, H.-U. (1998). The world health organization composite international diagnostic interview short-form (CIDI-SF). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 7(4), 171–185.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., LaBrie, R., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Winters, K. C., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV pathological gambling in the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(9), 1351–1360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. J., Cho, M. J., Park, S., Hong, J. P., Sohn, J. H., Bae, J. N., … Park, J.-I. (2013). The 12-item general health questionnaire as an effective mental health screening tool for general Korean adult population. Psychiatry Investigation, 10(4), 352–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotter, R., Kräplin, A., & Bühringer, G. (2017). Casino self- and forced excluders’ gambling behavior before and after exclusion. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 597–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotter, R., Kräplin, A., Pittig, A., & Bühringer, G. (2018). A systematic review of land-based self-exclusion programs: Demographics, gambling behavior, gambling problems, mental symptoms, and mental health. Journal of Gambling Studies. doi:10.1007/s10899-018-9777-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus, L., & Pabst, A. (2010). Studiendesign und methodik des epidemiologischen suchtsurveys 2009 [Study design and methods of the epidemiologic survey of substance abuse]. Sucht, 56(5), 315–326.
   Google Scholar
• Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., & Gosselin, P. (2007). Self-exclusion program: A longitudinal evaluation study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(1), 85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampert, T., Kroll, L. E., Müters, S., & Stolzenberg, H. (2013). Measurement of socioeconomic status in the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 56(5–6), 631–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lhommeau, N., Alexandre, J. M., Mete, D., Fatseas, M., & Auriacombe, M. (2015). Characteristics of gamblers choosing self-exclusion from casinos: A prospective study in a French overseas territory. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 156, 127.
   Google Scholar
• Lorains, F. K., Cowlishaw, S., & Thomas, S. A. (2011). Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys. Addiction, 106(3), 490–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ly, C. (2010). Investigating the use and effectiveness of the tasmanian gambling (Self) exclusion program. Hobart: Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from http://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/76347/DHHS_GSP_Self_Exclusion_study_2010_webprint_Final_B.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mack, S., Jacobi, F., Beesdo-Baum, K., Gerschler, A., Strehle, J., Höfler, M., … Wittchen, H.-U. (2015). Functional disability and quality of life decrements in mental disorders: Results from the mental health module of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1-MH). European Psychiatry, 30(6), 793–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkouris, S. S., Thomas, S. A., Browning, C. J., & Dowling, N. A. (2016). Predictors of outcomes of psychological treatments for disordered gambling: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 48, 7–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, S. E., Kleschinsky, J. H., LaBrie, R. A., Kaplan, S., & Shaffer, H. J. (2010). One decade of self-exclusion: Missouri casino self-excluders four to ten years after enrollment. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(1), 129–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nower, L., & Blaszczynski, A. (2008). Characteristics of problem gamblers 56 years of age or older: A statewide study of casino self-excluders. Psychology and Aging, 23(3), 577–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odlaug, B. L., Schreiber, L. R., & Grant, J. E. (2013). Personality dimensions and disorders in pathological gambling. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26(1), 107–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry, N. M., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2005). Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(5), 564–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeckmann, M., & Walter, K. (2014). The ban of gamblers according to the state treaty on gambling in the light of comsumer protection. European Journal of Gambling Law, 6, 383–391.
   Google Scholar
• Renn, D. (2006). Fragebogen zur erfassung von persönlichkeitsstörungen: ADP-IV – Psychometrische prüfung der deutschen version [Questionnaire for DSM-IV personality disorders: ADP-IV – Psychometric properties of the German version] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Renn, D., Höfer, S., Schüßler, G., Rumpold, G., Smrekar, U., Janecke, N., & Doering, S. (2008). Dimensionale Diagnostik mit dem Fragebogen zur Erfassung von DSM-IV-Persönlichkeitsstörungen (ADP-IV) [A dimensional diagnostic approach using the ‘Assessment of DSM-IV Personality Disorders (ADP-IV)’ Questionnaire]. Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, 54, 214–226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rennert, L., Denis, C., Peer, K., Lynch, K. G., Gelernter, J., & Kranzler, H. R. (2014). DSM-5 gambling disorder: Prevalence and characteristics in a substance use disorder sample. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22(1), 50–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rösler, M., Retz-Junginger, P., Retz, W., & Stieglitz, R. D. (2008). Homburger ADHS skalen für erwachsene (HASE). Manual [Homburg ADHD scales for adults (HASE). Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher, J. (2003). SWLS – satisfaction with life scale. In J. Schumacher, A. Klaiberg, & E. Brähler (Eds.), Diagnostische Verfahren zu Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden [Diagnostic measures for quality of life and well-being] (pp. 305–309). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• StataCorp. (2015). Stata statistical software: Release 14 [Computer software]. College Station, TX: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg, M. A. (2008, June). Ongoing evaluation of a self-exclusion program. Paper presented at the 22nd National Conference on Problem Gambling, Long Beach, CA. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228393071_Ongoing_evaluation_of_a_self-exclusion_program
   Google Scholar
• Stinchfield, R., Govoni, R., & Frisch, G. R. (2005). DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling: Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy. American Journal on Addictions, 14(1), 73–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinchfield, R., McCready, J., Turner, N. E., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Petry, N. M., Grant, J. E., … Winters, K. C. (2016). Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder and comparison to DSM-IV. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(3), 905–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, G. M., & Feinn, R. (2012). Using effect size-or why the p value is not enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4(3), 279–282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tremblay, N., Boutin, C., & Ladouceur, R. (2008). Improved self-exclusion program: Preliminary results. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24(4), 505–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittchen, H.-U., Lachner, G., Wunderlich, U., & Pfister, H. (1998). Test-retest reliability of the computerized DSM-IV version of the munich-composite international diagnostic interview (M-CIDI). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33(11), 568–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittchen, H.-U., & Pfister, H. (1997). DIA-X-interviews: Manual für screening-verfahren und interview [DIA-X-interviews: Manual for screening-instruments and interview]. Frankfurt: Swets & Zeitlinger.
   Google Scholar