Automated content analysis as a tool for research and practice: a case illustration from the Prairie Creek and Nico environmental assessments in the Northwest Territories, Canada

References

• Abacus Data: mining in the Northwest Territories: public opinion study [Internet]. Ottawa: Abacus Data; [cited 2016 Jun 27]. Available from: http://mining.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Backgrounder-Mining-in-the-NWT-Abacus-Data.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Abelson J, Forest P, Eyles J, Smith P, Martin E, Gauvin F. 2003. Deliberations about deliberative methods: issues in the design and evaluation of public participation. Soc Sci Med. 57:239–251.10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00343-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboriginal Affairs and Intergovernmental Relations. 2015. Dehcho First Nations [Internet]. Yellowknife: Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Intergovernmental Relations, Government of the Northwest Territories; [cited 2016 Mar 3]. Available from: http://www.daair.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/Dehcho_FN.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Armitage D, Marschke M, Plummer R. 2008. Adaptive co-management and the paradox of learning. Global Environ Change. 18:86–98.10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auditor General of Canada. 2010. Report of the Auditor General of Canada to the House of Commons: sustaining development in the Northwest Territories. Ottawa: Office of the Auditor General of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Beh EJ. 1998. A comparative study of scores for correspondence analysis with ordered categories. Biom J. 40:413–429.10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird S, Klein E, Loper E. 2009. Natural language processing with Python: analyzing text with the Natural Language Toolkit. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media.
   Google Scholar
• Bronson J, Noble BF. 2006. Health determinants in Canadian northern environmental impact assessment. Polar Rec. 42:315–324.10.1017/S0032247406005572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown-Leonardi CJ. 2012. Notions of property: traditional land use and boundaries in the Deh Cho region. Polar Rec. 48:249–254.10.1017/S0032247412000150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budge I, Pennings P. 2007. Do they work? Validating computerised word frequency estimates against policy series. Elect Stud. 26:121–129.10.1016/j.electstud.2006.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corburn J. 2003. Bringing local knowledge into environmental decision making: improving urban planning for communities at risk. J Plan Educ Res. 22:420–433.10.1177/0739456X03022004008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig RK, Ruhl JB. 2013. Designing administrative law for adaptive management. Vanderbilt Law Rev. 67:1–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crona BI, Parker JN. 2012. Learning in support of governance: theories, methods, and a framework to assess how bridging organizations contribute to adaptive resource governance. Ecol Soc. 17(1):32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cundill G, Rodela R. 2012. A review of assertions about the processes and outcomes of social learning in natural resource management. J Environ Manage. 113:7–14.10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison CM, Hawe P. 2012. All that glitters: diamond mining and Taicho youth in Behchoko, Northwest Territories. Arctic. 65:214–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, T, Kidd, S, Jha-Thakur, U. 2009. Skills & knowledge for sustainable communities case study: interactive landscape (environmental) planning Köningslutter [Internet]. Glasgow: Economic & Social Research Council; [cited 2016 Jul 7]. Available from: https://pure.strath.ac.uk/portal/files/39210946/Koenigslutter_Plan_Case_Study.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick P, Fonseca A, McAllister ML. 2011. From the Whitehorse Mining Initiative towards sustainable mining: lessons learned. J Clean Prod. 19:376–384.10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.10.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick P, Sinclair AJ, Mitchell B. 2008. Environmental impact assessment under the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act: deliberative democracy in Canada’s north? Environ Manage. 42:1–18.10.1007/s00267-008-9098-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamble DJ. 1978. The Berger Inquiry: an impact assessment process. Science. 199:946–951.10.1126/science.199.4332.946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson RB. 2012. In full retreat: the Canadian government’s new environmental assessment law undoes decades of progress. IAPA. 30:179–188.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson G, Klinck J. 2005. Canada’s resilient north : the impact of mining on aboriginal communities. Pimatisiwin. 3:115–139.
   Google Scholar
• Government of the Northwest Territories. 2014. Northwest Territories Mineral Development Strategy. Yellowknife: Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Industry, Tourism and Investment.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Northwest Territories. 2015. Communities and diamonds: 2014 annual report of the Northwest Territories under the Ekati, Diavik, and Snap Lake socio-economic agreements. Yellowknife: Government of the Northwest Territories.
   Google Scholar
• Green A. 2014. Can there be too much context in administrative law? Setting the standard of review in Canadian administrative law. Univ Br Columbia Law Rev. 47:443–494.
   Google Scholar
• Grimmer J, Stewart BM. 2013. Text as data: the promise and pitfalls of automatic content analysis methods for political texts. Pol Anal. 21:267–297.10.1093/pan/mps028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna P, Vanclay F. 2013. Human rights, indigenous peoples and the concept of free, prior and informed consent. IAPA. 31:146–157.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins DJ, King G. 2010. A method of automated nonparametric content analysis for social science. Am J Pol Sci. 54:229–247.10.1111/ajps.2010.54.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvin RA, Stansbury J. 2004. Citizen participation in decision making: is it worth the effort? Public Admin Rev. 64:55–65.10.1111/puar.2004.64.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kengne CVN, Evouna SEM, Bitondo D. 2013. Public hearings in environmental and social impact assessment for energy sector projects in Cameroon. IAPA. 31:64–73.
   Google Scholar
• Laver M, Garry J. 2000. Estimating policy positions from political texts. Am J Pol Sci. 44:619–634.10.2307/2669268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe W, Benoit K, Slava M, Laver M. 2011. Scaling policy preferences from coded political texts. Legis Stud Q. 36:123–155.10.1111/j.1939-9162.2010.00006.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macintosh, C. 2012. Being relational: reflections on relational theory and health law and policy. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Chapter 10, Relational theory and indigenous health: insights for law reform and policy development; p. 230–254.
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board. 2011. Report of environmental assessment and reasons for decision EA0809-002: Canadian Zinc Corporation Prairie Creek mine. Yellowknife: Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board.
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board. 2013. Report of environmental assessment and reasons for decision EA0809-004: Fortune Minerals Limited NICO Project. Yellowknife: Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board.
   Google Scholar
• Malterud K. 2001. Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet. 358:483–488.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05627-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGetrick JA, Bubela T, Hik DS. 2015. Circumpolar stakeholder perspectives on geographic information systems for communicating the health impacts of development. Environ Sci Policy. 54:176–184.10.1016/j.envsci.2015.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison-Saunders A, Early G. 2008. What is necessary to ensure natural justice in environmental impact assessment decision-making? IAPA. 26:29–42.
   Google Scholar
• Nadeem O, Fischer TB. 2011. An evaluation framework for public participation in EIA in Pakistan. Environ Impact Assess. 31:36–47.10.1016/j.eiar.2010.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notzke C. 1995. A new perspective in aboriginal natural resource management: co-management. Geoforum. 26:187–209.10.1016/0016-7185(95)00019-H
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunez-Mir GC, Iannone BV, Pijanowski BC, Kong N, Fei S. 2016. Automated content analysis: addressing the big literature challenge in ecology and evolution. Method Ecol Evol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12602
   Google Scholar
• Organization of American States. 2001. Inter-American strategy for the promotion of public participation in decision-making for sustainable development. Washington (DC): Organization of American States Unit for Sustainable Development and Environment.
   Google Scholar
• Peng T, Liu L, Zuo W. 2014. PU text classification enhanced by term frequency inverse document frequency-improved weighting. Concurr Comput. 26:728–741.10.1002/cpe.v26.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petticrew M, Roberts H. 2003. Evidence, hierarchies, and typologies: horses for courses. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 57:527–529.10.1136/jech.57.7.527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provalis. 2014. Wordstat [Computer program] Version 7. Montréal: Provalis Research.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson S. 2004. Understanding inverse document frequency: on theoretical arguments for IDF. J Doc. 60:503–520.10.1108/00220410410560582
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe G, Frewer LJ. 2005. A typology of public engagement mechanisms. Technol Humans Value. 30:251–290.10.1177/0162243904271724
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sainath NV, Rajan KS. 2014. Meta-analysis of EIA public hearings in the state of Gujarat, India: its role vs. the goal of environmental management. IAPA. 33:148–153.
   Google Scholar
• Sandlos J, Keeling A. 2016. Aboriginal communities, traditional knowledge, and the environmental legacies of extractive development in Canada. Extr Ind Soc. 3:278–287.10.1016/j.exis.2015.06.005
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz HA, Ungar LH. 2015. Data-driven content analysis of social media: a systematic overview of automated methods. Ann AAPSS. 659:78–94.10.1177/0002716215569197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Act. (S.C. 2005, c. 1).
   Google Scholar
• Witting A. 2015. Measuring the use of knowledge in policy development. Cent Eur J Public Policy. 9:54–70.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 1986. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar