Strategic environmental assessment’s role in formulating environmentally sound development plans in Botswana

References

• Annandale D, Fischer TB, Montano M, Purcell C, Coles J, Aung T. 2021. Guideline for strategic environmental assessment in developing countries: examples from Asia. In: Fischer TB Gonzalez A. Handbook on strategic environmental assessment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing; pp. 126–141
   Google Scholar
• Bina O. 2007. A critical review of the dominant lines of argumentation on the need for strategic environmental assessment. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 27:585–606. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2007.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bina O, Jing W, Brown L, Partidario RM. 2011. An inquiry into the concept of SEA effectiveness: towards criteria for Chinese practice. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 31:572–581. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2011.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond A, Pope J, Morrison-Saunders A, Retief F. 2016. A game theory perspective on environmental assessment: what games are played and what does this tell us about decision making rationality and legitimacy? Environ Impact Assess Rev. 57:187–194. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2016.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cape L, Retief F, Lochner P, Fischer T, Bond A. 2018. Exploring pluralism – Different stakeholder views of the expected and realised value of strategic environmental assessment (SEA). Environ Impact Assess Rev. 32–41. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2017.11.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cashmore M, Gwilliam R, Morgan R, Cobb D, Bond A. 2004. The interminable issue of effectiveness: substantive purposes, outcomes and research challenges in the advancement of environmental impact assessment theory. Impact Assess Proj Apprais. 22:295–310. doi:10.3152/147154604781765860.
   Google Scholar
• Chanchitpricha C, Bond A. 2013. Conceptualising the effectiveness of impact assessment processes. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 43:65–72. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2013.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities. 2001. Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment. Off J of Eu Communities L. 197:30–37.
   Google Scholar
• Dalal-Clayton DB, Hipondoka M (2014). Reviews of five strategic environmental assessments undertaken in Namibia; Volume 1: review reports, report submitted to the ministry of environment and tourism, Namibia by International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and University of Namibia (UNAM)
   Google Scholar
• DEAT. 2000. Strategic environmental assessment in South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Environmental Affairs. 2008. Okavango Delta Management Plan Gaborone: Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Environmental Affairs. 2009. General guidelines for conducting EIA and SEA studies under the EIA Act, 2005. Gaboroneand Tourism: Ministry of Environment, WildlifeBotswana.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Environmental Affairs. 2011. Environmental assessment act, 2011. Gaborone: Minister of Environment, Wildlife and tourism. [ Botswana].
   Google Scholar
• Department of Environmental Affairs. 2012. Environmental assessment regulations, 2012. Gaborone: Minister of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism. [ Botswana].
   Google Scholar
• Ecosurv Pty Ltd. (2012). Strategic environmental assessment report for the Okavango Delta Ramsar Site (ODRS). Report submitted to the Department of Environmental Affairs, Maun, Botswana.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer TB. 2007. Theory and practice of strategic environmental assessment—towards a more systematic approach. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer TB. 2009. Reviewing the quality of strategic environmental assessment reports for English spatial plan core strategies. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 30(1):62–69. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2009.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer TB, Gazzola P. 2006. SEA good practice elements and performance criteria—equally valid in all countries. The case of Italy. EIA Rev. 26(4):396–409. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2005.11.006.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer TB, Onyango V. 2012. Strategic environmental assessment-related research projects and journal articles: an overview of the past 20 years. Impact Assess Project App. 30:253–263. doi:10.1080/14615517.2012.740953.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer TB, Retief FP. 2021. Does strategic environmental assessment lead to more environmentally sustainable decisions and actions? Reflection on the substantive effectiveness. In: Fischer TB Gonzalez A. Handbook on strategic environmental assessment. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing; pp. 114–125
   Google Scholar
• Gazzola P. 2008. What appears to make SEA effective in different planning systems. J Environ Assess Policy Management. 10(1):1–24. doi:10.1142/S146433320800297X.
   Google Scholar
• Geoflux Pty Ltd (2017). STrategic environmental assessment report of the Boteti irrigation scheme. Report submitted to the Department of Environmental Affairs. Serowe, Botswana.
   Google Scholar
• Glasson J, Therivel R, Chadwick A. 2012. Introduction to impact assessment. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• González A, Thérivel R, Malepe K. 2021. Tiering of environmental assessment - the influence of strategic environmental assessment on project-level environmental impact assessment. Wexford, Ireland: EPA Research.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Botswana. 1990. National Policy on Natural Resources Conservation and Development. Gaborone: The Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Hilden M, Furman E, Kaljonen M. 2004. Views on planning and expectations of SEA: the case of transport planning. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 24(5):519–536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeley J, Scoones I. 2000. Environmental Policy Making in Zimbabwe. Inst Dev Stud Bull. 1(1):1–33.
   Google Scholar
• Kirchhoff D, McCarthy D, Crandall D, Hitela G. 2011. Strategic environmental assessment and regional infrastructure planning: the case of York Region, Ontario, Canada. Impact Assess Project App. 29(1):11–26. doi:10.3152/146155111X12913679730430.
   Google Scholar
• Koby A, Malley W, Thie J, Mile J. 2009. Guidelines on the Use of Tiered Environmental Impact Statements for transportation projects. Washington DC, United States: National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP).
   Google Scholar
• Kørnøv L, Thissen WA. 2000. Rationality in decision-and policy-making: implications for strategic environmental assessment. Impact Assess Project App. 18(3):191–200.
   Google Scholar
• Makaba LP (2014). Effectiveness of the strategic environmental assessment process in Botswana ( Doctoral dissertation).
   Google Scholar
• Makaba LP, Munyati C. 2018. Strategic environmental assessment implementation and effectiveness bottlenecks: lessons from Botswana. Environ Dev. 26:86–99. doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2018.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margato V, Sánchez LE. 2014. Quality and outcomes: a critical review of strategic environmental assessment in Brazil. J Environ Assess Policy Management. 16(02):1450011. doi:10.1142/S1464333214500112.
   Google Scholar
• Monteiro MB, Partidário MR (2012). Perceptions on SEA Not all that glitters is gold. Energy Future: The Role of Impact Assessment 32nd Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment (pp. 1–7). Porto: International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA).
   Google Scholar
• Mosha AC. 2007. The experience of sub-regional planning in Botswana: achievements and challenges. Regional Development Dialogue. 28 (1): 93–110.
   Google Scholar
• Mosienyane & Partners International Pty Ltd (2015). Review and preparation of molepolole planning area development plan (2012 – 2036). Report submitted to the Department of Environmental Affairs. Gaborone, Botswana.
   Google Scholar
• Mulale K. 2005. The structural organization of CBNRM in Botswana. ProQuest Information and Learning Company. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38897792.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Noble BF. 2009. Promise and dismay: the state of strategic environmental assessment systems and practices in Canada. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 29(1):66–75. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2008.05.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partidario MR. 2007. Scales and associated data: what is enough for SEA needs? Environ Impact Assess Rev. 27(5):460–478. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2007.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partidário MR, Paddon M, Eggenberger M, Mink Chau D, Van Duyen N. 2008. Linking strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and city development strategy in Vietnam. Impact Assess Project App. 26(3):219–227. doi:10.3152/146155108X365861.
   Google Scholar
• Partidario MR, Sheate W. 2012. Knowledge brokerage-potential for increased capacities and shared power in impact assessment. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 39:26–36. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2012.02.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins J, Reed M., Akanyang L, Atlhopheng J, Chanda R, Magole L … , Mphinyane, W, Mulale, K, Sebego, R, Fleskens, L, Irvine, B, Kirkby, M. 2013. Making land management more sustainable: experience implementing a new methodological framework in Botswana. Land Degradation Dev. 24(5):463–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope J, Bond A, Cameron C, Retief F, Morrison-Saunders A. 2018. Are current effectiveness criteria fit for purpose? Using a controversial strategic assessment as a test case. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 34–44. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2018.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope J, Bond A, Morrison-Saunders A, Retief F. 2013. Advancing the theory and practice of impact assessment: setting the research agenda. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 41:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed MS, Buenemann M, Atlhopheng J, Akhtar‐schuster M, Bachmann F, Bastin G, Evely AC. 2011. Cross‐scale monitoring and assessment of land degradation and sustainable land management: a methodological framework for knowledge management. Land Degradation Dev. 22(2):261–271. doi:10.1002/ldr.1087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retief F. 2007a. A performance evaluation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) processes within the South African context. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 27(1):84–100. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2006.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retief F. 2007b. A quality and effectiveness review protocol for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in developing countries. J Environ Assess Policy Management. 9(04):443–471. doi:10.1142/S1464333207002895.
   Google Scholar
• Retief F. 2007c. Effectiveness of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in South Africa. J Environ Assess Policy Management. 9(01):83–101. doi:10.1142/S146433320700269X.
   Google Scholar
• Retief F, Jones C, Jay S. 2008. The emperor’s new clothes — Reflections on strategic environmental assessment (SEA) practice in South Africa. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 28(7):504–514.10.1016/j.eiar.2007.07.004. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2007.07.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runhaar H, Driessen PP. 2007. What makes strategic environmental assessment successful environmental assessment? The role of context in the contribution of SEA to decision-making. Impact Assess Project App. 25(1):2–14. doi:10.3152/146155107X190613.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier P, Weible C. 2007. The Advocacy Coalition framework. In: Sabatier P. Theories to the policy process. Davis: Westview Press; pp. 189–223
   Google Scholar
• Sadler B, Verheem R. 1996. Strategic environmental assessment: status, challenges and future directions (ministry of housing. Netherlands: Spatial Planning and Development.
   Google Scholar
• Samboma TA. 2019. Challenges of project implementation in local government: the Case of Francistown City Council and Kweneng District Council. Gaborone: Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis (BIDPA).
   Google Scholar
• Segosebe EM. 2018. The development of the environmental impact assessment process in Botswana. In: Developing eco-cities through policy, planning, and innovation: can it really work? Hershey: IGI Global; pp. 48–61.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeglehner G, Brown L, Kornov L. 2009. SEA and planning: ownership of strategic environmental assessment by the planners is the key to its effectiveness. Impact Assess Proj Apprais. 27(2):111–120. doi:10.3152/146155109X438742.
   Google Scholar
• Tetlow MF, Hanusch M. 2012. Strategic environmental assessment: the state of the art. Impact Assess Project App. 30(1):15–24. doi:10.1080/14615517.2012.666400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Therivel R. 2004. Strategic environmental assessment in action. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Therivel R. 2010. Strategic environmental assessment in action. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Thérivel R, González A. 2021. Strategic environmental assessment effectiveness. In: Fischer ATB. Handbook on strategic environmental assessment. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing; pp. 100–113
   Google Scholar
• Thérivel R, Minas P. 2002. Ensuring effective sustainability appraisal. Impact Assess Project App. 20(2):81–91. doi:10.3152/147154602781766717.
   Google Scholar
• Toteng EN. 2004. The private sector, urban water conservation and developing countries: a stakeholder theory-driven perspective from Botswana. S Afr Geogr J. 86(2):113–121. doi:10.1080/03736245.2004.9713815.
   Google Scholar
• Tshibangu GM. 2018. An analysis of strategic environmental assessment legislation and regulations in African Countries. J Environ Assess Policy Management. 19:1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Van Buuren A, Nooteboom S. 2009. Evaluating strategic environmental assessment in the Netherlands: content, process and procedure as indissoluble criteria for effectiveness. Impact Assess Project App. 27(2):145–154. doi:10.3152/146155109X454311.
   Google Scholar
• Van Doren D, Driessen PP, Schijf B, Runhaar HA. 2013. Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of SEA: towards a better understanding. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 38:120–130. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2012.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White L, Noble BF. 2013. Strategic environmental assessment for sustainability: a review of a decade of academic research. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 42:60–66. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2012.10.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Christensen P, Kørnøv L. 2013. Review of critical factors for SEA implementation. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 38:88–98. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2012.06.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar