NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: The effects of contractualism and devolution on political control

REFERENCES

• Aucoin , P. 1990 . Administrative Reform in Public Management: Principles, Paradoxes and Pendulums . Garanance , 3 ( 2 ) : 115 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Bollard , A. 1994 . “ New Zealand ” . In The Political Economy of Reform , Edited by: Williamson , J. Washington, DC : Institute for International Economics .
   Google Scholar
• Brunsson , N. and Olsen , J. P. 1993 . The Reforming Organization , New York, , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , C. and Halligan , J. 1992 . “ Political Leadership In an Age of Constraint: The Experience of Australia ” . Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , A. B. L. 1997 . Understanding Public-Sector Reform: Global Trends and Diverse Agendas . International Review of Administrative Sciences , 63 ( 4 ) : 435 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , T. ‘Structure and Culture Reinforced -- The Development and Current Features of the Norwegian Civil Service System’ . Paper given at Conference on Civil Service System in Comparative Perspective, Indiana University . 5–8 April , Bloomington.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , T. ‘Administrative Reform -- Transforming the Relationship between Political and Administrative Leaders?’ . Paper given at the SOG Tokyo Conference -- ‘The Quest for Governance: Reforms, Renovations, and Retrenchments in Government for the 21st Century’ . 17–19 November .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , T. and Egeberg , M. 1997 . “ Sentraladministrasjonen -- en Oversikt over Trekk ved Departementer og Direktorater ” . In Forvaltnings-Kunnskap , Edited by: Christensen , T. and Egeberg , M. Oslo : Tano Aschehoug .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , T. and Lægreid , P. 1998a . Den Moderne Forvaltning , Oslo : Tano Aschehoug .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , T. and Lægreid , P. 1998b . Administrative Reform Policy: The Case of Norway . International Review of Administrative Sciences , 64 ( 3 ) : 457 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , T. and Lægreid , P. 1999 . New Public Management -- Design, Resistance or Transformation? . Public Productivity &Management Review , 23 ( 2 ) : 169 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , T. and Peters , B. G. 1999 . Structure, Culture and Governance: A Comparative Analysis of Norway and the United States , Maryland, MD : Rowman &Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Egeberg , M. 1989 . ‘Om Organisera Konkurrerende Beslutningsprinsipper inn i Myndighets-Strukturer’ Institusjonspolitikk og Forvaltningsutviking -- Bidrag til en Anvendt Statsvitenskap , Edited by: Egeberg , M. Oslo : TANO .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , L. , Grimes , A. , Wilkinson , B. and Teece , D. December 1996 . “ Economic Reforms in New Zealand 1984–95. The Pursuit of Efficiency ” . In Journal of Economic Literature Vol. 34 , December , 1856 – 902 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldfinch , S. 1998 . Remarking New Zealand's Economic Policy: Institutional Elites as Radical Innovators 1984–1993 . Governance , 11 ( 2 ) : 177 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Gregory , R. 1995 . “ Accountability, Responsibility and Corruption: Managing the Public Production Process ” . In The State under Contract , Edited by: Boston , J. Wellington : Bridget Williams Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gregory , R. ‘The Changing Face of the State in New Zealand: Rolling Back the Public Service?’ . Paper given at Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association . 3–6 September , Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Gregory , R. 1998b . Political Responsibility for Bureaucratic Incompetence: Tragedy at Cave Creek . Public Adminsitration , 76 : 519 – 38 . Autumn
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory , R. 1999 . Social Capital Theory and Administrative Reform: Maintaining Ethical Probity in Public Service . Public Administration Review , 59 ( 1 ) : 63 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grønlie , T. 1998 . “ Drømmen om en Konkurransetilpasset Stat -- Ytre Fristilling som Styringspolitisk Redskap -- 1945–1995 ” . In Ein Stat? Frisallingas firn Ansikt , Edited by: Grønlie , T. and Selle , P. Oslo : Samlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Grønlie , T. and Seile , P. , eds. 1998 . Ein Stat? Fristillingas fire Ansikt , Oslo : Samlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Halligan , J. 1998 . “ Comparing Public Service Reform in OECD Countries ” . In Public Service Reform , Edited by: Halligan , J. Australia : Center for Research in Public Sector Management . University of Australia in collaboration with International Association of Schools and Institutes of Administration
   Google Scholar
• Hart , J. 1998 . “ Central Agencies and Departments: Empowerment and Coordination’ ” . In Taking Stock: Assessing Public Sector Reforms , Edited by: Guy Peters , B. and Savoie , D. J. Montreal : McGiIl-Queen's University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hesse , J. J. 2000 . “ Paradoxes in Public Sector Reform: Soft Theory and Hard Cases ” . In Hood, CPeters, B. GParadoxes in Public Sector Reform Edited by: Hesse , J. J. , Hood , C. and Peters , B. G. Baden-Baden forthcoming
   Google Scholar
• Hood , C. 1991 . A Public Management for All Seasons? . Public Administration , 69 : 3 – 19 . spring
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood , C. 1995 . The New Public Management in the 1980s. Variations on a Theme. Accounting . Organization and Society , 20 ( 2–3 ) : 93 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood , C. 1996 . “ Exploring Variations in Public Management Reform of the 1980s ” . In Civil Service Systems , Edited by: Bekke , H. A. G. M. , Perry , J. L. and Toonen , T. A. J. Bloomington : Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hood , C. 1998 . ReEngineering -- or Trobriand Cricket? . Gorernance , 11 ( 4 ) : 443 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingraham , P. W. 1996 . “ The Reform Agenda for National Civil Service System: External Stress and Internal Strain ” . In Civil Service Systems , Edited by: Bekke , H. A. G. M. , Perry , J. L. and Toonen , T. A. J. Bloomington : Press .
   Google Scholar
• Keraudren , P. and Van Mierlo , H. 1998 . “ Theories of Public Management Reform and their Practical Implication ” . In Innovation in Public Management , Edited by: Verheijen , T. and Coombes , D. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Boston , J. 1994 . Purchasing Policy Advice: The Limits to Contracting Out . Governance , 7 ( 1 ) : 1 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Boston , J. , Martin , J. , Pallet , J. and Walsh , P. , eds. 1991 . Reshaping the State: New Zealand's Bureaucratic Revolution , Auckland : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boston , J. , Martin , J. , Pallet , J. and Walsh , P. , eds. 1996 . Public Management: The New Zealand Model , Auckland : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brunsson , N. 1989 . The Organization of Hypocrisy. Talk, Decisions and Action In Organizations , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Castles , F. , Gerritsen , R. and Vowles , J. 1996 . The Great Experiment: Labor Parties and Public Policy Transformation In Australia and New Zealand , Auckland : Auckland University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kettl , D. F. 1997 . The Global Revolution in Public Management: Driving Themes, Missing Links . Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , 16 ( 3 ) : 446 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lægreid , P. 1994 . “ Going against the Cultural Grain: Norway ” . In Rewards at the Top , Edited by: Hood , C. and Peters , R G. London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lægreid , P. 1997 . Pay Reforms for Top Civil Servants in Norway: Towards Market and Performance Pay or Business as Usual? , Bergen : LOS-centre . working paper no. 3
   Google Scholar
• Lægreid , P. 1999 . Top Civil Servants under Contract , Bergen : LOS-centre . Experiences from New Zealand and Norway, working paper no. 9940
   Google Scholar
• Lægreid , P. and Roness , P. G. 1998 . “ Frå Einskap til Mangfeld. Eit Perspektiv på Indre Fristilling i Staten ” . In Ein Stat? Fristillingas fire Ansikt , Edited by: Grønlie , T. and Seile , P. Oslo : Samlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Lægreid , P. and Roness , P. G. 1999 . “ Administrative Reform as Organized Attention ” . In Organizing Political Institutions , Edited by: Egeberg , M. and ægreid , P. L . Oslo : Scandinavian University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lægreid , P. and Roness , P. G. 2000 . “ Administrative Reform Programmes and Institutional Response in Norwegian Central Government ” . In Paradoxes In Public Sector Reform Edited by: Hesse , J. J. , Hood , C. and Peters , B. G. Baden-Baden forthcoming
   Google Scholar
• McLeay , E. 1995 . The Cabinet and Political Power , Auckland : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maor , M. 1999 . The Paradox of Managerialism . Public Administration Review , 59 ( 1 ) : 5 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March , J. G. and Olsen , J. P. 1989 . “ Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics ” . New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Castles , F. G. 1989 . Big Government in Weak States: The Paradox of State Size in English Speaking Nations of Advanced Capitalism . Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Studies , 27 : 267 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castles , F. G. 1993 . “ Changing Course in Economic Policy: The English-Speaking Nations in the 1980s ” . In Families of Nations. Aldershot: Dartmouth Edited by: Castle , F. G.
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. 1998 . Reorienting a Nation: Consultants and Australian Public Policy , Aldershot : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Mascarenhas , R. C. 1990 . Reform of Public Service in Australia and New Zealand . Governance , 3 ( 1 ) : 75 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Mascarenhas , R. C. 1996 . Government and the Economy In Australia and New Zealand , San Francisco, CA : Austin &Winfield .
   Google Scholar
• Massey , P. 1995 . New Zealand. Markt Liberalization In a Developed Economy , New York : St Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mulgan , R. 1992 . “ The Elective Dictatorship in New Zealand ” . In New Zealand Politics In Perspective , Edited by: Gold , H. Auckland : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Nagel , J. H. 1997 . Editors Introduction . Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , 18 ( 3 ) : 357 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Nagel , J. H. 1998 . Social Choice in a Pluralitarian Democracy: The Politics of Market Liberalization in New Zealand . British Journal of Political Science , 28 : 223 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CD , OE . 1995 . Governance In Transition , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• CD , OE . 1996a . Globalization: What Challenges and Opportunities for Governments? , Paris : OECD/PUMA .
   Google Scholar
• CD , OE . 1996b . Ministerial Symposium on the Future of Public Services , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. 1983 . “ The Dilemmas of Organizational Integration in Government ” . In Organized Democracy. Political Institutions In a Welfare State -- The Case of Norway , Edited by: Olsen , J. P. Bergen : The Scandinavian University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. 1988 . “ Administrative Reform and Theories of Organization ” . In Peters Organizing Governance: Governing Organizations , Edited by: Campbell , C. and Guy , B. Pittsburgh, PA : Pittsburgh University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. 1992 . Analyzing Institutional Dynamics . Staatswissenschaften und Staatsprazis , 3 ( 2 ) : 247 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. 1996 . “ Norway: Slow learner -- or Another Triumph of the Tortoise? ” . In Lessons from Experience , Edited by: Olsen , J. P. and Peters , B. G. Oslo : Scandinavian University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. 1997 . Institutional Design in Democratic Context . Journal of Political Philosophy , 5 ( 3 ) : 203 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. 1998 . “ Civil Service in Transition -- Dilemmas and Lessons Learned ” . In The European Yearbook of Comparative Government and Public Administration , Edited by: Hesse , J. J. and Toonen , T. A. J. Vol. III/1996 , Baden-Baden : Nomos .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. and Peters , B. G. , eds. 1996 . Lessons from Experience, Oslo , Scandinavian University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J. P. , Roness , P. G. and Sætren , H. 1982 . “ Norway: Still Peaceful Coexistence and Revolution in Slow Motion ” . In Policy Styles in Western Europe , Edited by: Richardson , J. J. London : Alien &Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Pallet , J. 1998 . “ The New Zealand Revolution ” . In Global Warning! Debating International Developments In New Public Financial Management , Edited by: Olson , O. , Guthrie , J. and Humphrey , C. Oslo : Forlag .
   Google Scholar
• Peters , B. G. 1996 . The Future of Governing: Four Emerging Models , Lawrence : University of Kansas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Peters , B. G. and Savoie , D. J. , eds. 1995 . Governance in a Changing Environment , Montreal : McGiIl-Queens University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Peters , B. G. and D. J , Savoie . 1998 . Taking Stock Assessing Public Sector Reforms , Montreal : McGill-Queens University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pollitt , C. 1995 . Justification by Works or by Faith . Evaluation , 1 ( 2 ) : 133 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Røvik , K. A. 1996 . “ Deinstitutionalization and the Logic of Fashion ” . In Translating Organizational Change , Edited by: Czarniawska , b. and Sevon , G. New York : de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Røvik , K. A. 1998 . Moderne Organisasjoner. Trender i Organisasjonstenkningen red Tusenårsskifta , Bergen : Fagbokforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Schick , A. 1996 . The Spirit of Reform: Managing the New Zealand State Sector In a Time of Change, report prepared for the State Services Commission and the Treasury Wellington
   Google Scholar
• Schick , A. 1998 . Why Most Developing Countries Should Not Try New Zealand's Reforms . The World Bank Research Obserrer , 13 ( 1 ) : 121 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarte , H. 1994 . Small States in Big Trouble: State Reorganization in Australia, Denmark, New Zealand and Sweden in the 1980s . World Politics , 46 July : 527 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , G. C. 1996 . Gorernment Reform In New Zealand , Washington, DC : International Monetary Fund .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , G. , Bushnell , P. and Sallee , N. 1990 . Reform on Core Public Sector: New Zealand Experiences . Gorernance , 3 ( 2 ) : 138 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , H. 1957 . Administrative Behavior , New York : MacMillan .
   Google Scholar
• Statskonsult . 1998 . “ I Godt Selskap, report ” . Oslo : Statskonsult . 1998:21
   Google Scholar
• Verheijen , T. 1998 . “ Public Management Reform in New Zealand and Australia ” . In Innavation in Public Management , Edited by: Verheijen , T. and Coombes , D. Cheltenham : Edward Elger .
   Google Scholar
• Weller , P. , Bakvis , H. and Rhodes , R. A. W. 1997 . The Hollow Crown. Countervailing Trends In Core Executives , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar