449
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Politics and Political Culture

The Vicious Circle

Does disappointment with political authorities contribute to political passivity in Latvia?

References

  • Abramson, L., Seligman, M. and Teasdale, J. (1978) ‘Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation’, Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87: 49–74. 10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49
  • Almond, G. and Verba, S. (1989) The Civic Culture Revisited: An Analytical Study, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Bandura, A. (1977) ‘Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change’, Psychological Review 84: 191–215. 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  • Birch, S. (2003) Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Brehm, J. and Rahn, W. (1997) ‘Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital’, American Journal of Political Science 41: 999–1023. 10.2307/2111684
  • Campbell, A., Gurin, G. and Miller, W. (1952) The Voter Decides, Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson, and Co.
  • Catterberg, G. and Moreno, A. (2006) ‘The individual bases of political trust: Trends in new and established democracies’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 18: 31–48. 10.1093/ijpor/edh081
  • Craig, S. and Maggiotto, M. (1981) ‘Political discontent and political action’, The Journal of Politics 43: 514–22. 10.2307/2130380
  • Dalton, R. (2004) Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices: The Erosion of Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Denters, B., Gabriel, O. and Torcal, M. (2007) ‘Political confidence in representative democracies. Socio-cultural vs. political explanations’, in J. W. van Deth, J. R. Montero and A. Westholm (eds), Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies. A Comparative Analysis, London: Routledge, pp. 66–87.
  • Dreifelds, J. (1996) Latvia in Transition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • EVS (2011) ‘European Values Study 1981–2008, Longitudinal Data File’, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne, Germany, ZA4804 Data File Version 2.0.0 (2011-12-30) DOI:10.4232/1.11005.
  • Fox, J. (2002) Structural Equation Models: Appendix to an R and S-PLUS Companion to Applied Regression, London: Sage Publications.
  • Fuchs, D. and Klingemann, H.-D. (2006) ‘Democratic communities in Europe: A comparison between East and West’, in H.-D. Klingemann, D. Fuchs and J. Zielonka (eds), Democracy and Political Culture in Eastern Europe, New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 25–66.
  • Gambetta, D. (2000) ‘Can we trust trust?’, in D. Gambetta (ed.), Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, New York, NY: Basil Blackwel, pp. 213–37.
  • Harrison, E. (2008) ‘Are the Baltics the new Argentina?’, Credit Writedowns, July 30, http://www.creditwritedowns.com/2008/07/are-baltics-new-argentina.html
  • Hazans, M. (2011) ‘Latvijas emigrācijas mainīgā seja: 2000–2010’, in B. Zepa and E. Kļave (eds), Latvija. Pārskats par tautas attīstību 2010./2011. Nacionālā identitāte, mobilitāte un rīcībspēja, Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, pp. 70–91.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1970) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Howard, M. M. (2003) The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-communist Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Herreros, F. (2004) The Problem of Forming Social Capital: Why Trust?, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hooghe, M. and Stolle, D. (2003) Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hugh, E. (2008) ‘Why the IMF's decision to agree on a Latvian bailout programme without devaluation is a mistake’, RGE Monitor, December 22, http://fistfulofeuros.net/afoe/why-the-imfs-decision-to-agree-a-lavian-bailout-programme-without-devaluation-is-a-mistake/.
  • Inglehart, R. (2006) ‘East European value systems in global perspective’, in H.-D. Klingemann, D. Fuchs and J. Zielonka (eds), Democracy and Political Culture in Eastern Europe, New York, NY: Routledge pp. 67–84.
  • ISSP Research Group (2006) ‘International Social Survey Programme: Role of Government IV, 2006’, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne, Germany, ZA4700, Data File Version 1.0.0, (2008-8-18), DOI:10.4232/1.4700.
  • ISSP Research Group (2007) ‘International Social Survey Programme: Leisure Time and Sports, 2007’, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne, Germany, ZA2900, Data File Version 2.0.0, (2009-10-29), DOI:10.4232/1.10079.
  • Jansone, D. and Vilka, I. (2007) ‘Pārvaldes struktūru atsaucīgums’, in J. Rozenvalds (ed.), Cik demokrātiska ir Latvija? Demokrātijas audits, Riga: SPPI, pp. 165–74.
  • Kaplan, D. (2008) Structural Equation Modeling: Foundations and Extensions, London: Sage Publications.
  • Karklins, R. (2005) The System Made Me Do It: Corruption in Post-Communist Countries, London: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Kim, I. (2005) ‘A sense of alienation towards government – an analytic framework’, International Review of Public Administration 9: 55–64.
  • Knack, S. (2002) ‘Social capital and the quality of government: Evidence from the States’, American Journal of Political Science 46: 772–85. 10.2307/3088433
  • Koroleva, I. and Rungule, R. (2006) ‘Latvia: democracy as an abstract value’, in H.-D. Klingemann, D. Fuchs and J. Zielonka (eds), Democracy and Political Culture in Eastern Europe, New York, NY: Routledge pp. 25–66.
  • Lagerspetz, M. (2009) ‘Still citizen vs. state? Post-communist prospects for democracy in Europe’, in Annamari Konttinen (ed.), Civic Mind and Good Citizenship, Tampere: University of Tampere, pp. 147–68.
  • Lee, F. (2006) ‘Collective efficacy, support for democratization, and political participation in Hong Kong’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 18: 297–317. 10.1093/ijpor/edh105
  • Letki, N. (2004) ‘Socialization for participation? Trust, membership and democratization in East-Central Europe’, Political Research Quarterly 57: 665–79.
  • Lelieveldt, H. and Caiani, M. (2007) ‘The political role of associations’, in W. A. Maloney and S. Rossteutcher (eds), Social Capital and Associations in European Democracies: A Comparative Analysis, London: Routledge, pp. 118–52.
  • Madsen, D. (1987) ‘Political self-efficacy tested’, The American Political Science Review 81: 571–81. 10.2307/1961970
  • Makarovič, M., Ivančič, A. and Podmenik, D. (2007) ‘Social and political participation: is there an European convergence?’, in F. Adam (ed.), Social Capital and Governance: Old and New Members of the EU in Comparison, Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 51–90.
  • Menshikov, V. (2001) ‘The advent of participation in public policy’, in T. Tisenkopfs (ed.), Latvia. Human Development Report 2000/2001. The Public Policy Process in Latvia, Riga: UNDP Latvia, pp. 75–104.
  • Mishler, W. and Rose, R. (2001) ‘What are the origins of political trust?: Testing institutional and cultural theories in post-communist societies’, Comparative Political Studies 34: 30–62. 10.1177/0010414001034001002
  • Mishler, W. and Rose, R. (2005) ‘What are the political consequences of trust? A test of cultural and institutional theories in Russia’, Comparative Political Studies 38: 1050–78. 10.1177/0010414005278419
  • Morales, L. and Geurts, P. (2007) ‘Associational involvement’, in J. W. van Deth, J. R. Montero and A. Westholm (eds), Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies. A Comparative Analysis, London: Routledge, pp. 135–57.
  • Muller, E. and Seligson, M. (1994) ‘Civic culture and democracy: The question of causal relationships’, American Political Science Review 88: 635–52. 10.2307/2944800
  • Norris, P. (1999) ‘Introduction: The growth of critical citizens’, in P. Norris (ed.), Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–30.
  • Overmier, J. (2002) ‘On learned helplessness’, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 37: 4–8. 10.1007/BF02688801
  • Pabriks, A. and Purs, A. (2001) Latvia: The Challenges of Change, New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Pateman, C. (1975) Participation and Democratic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Peterson, C., Maier, S. and Seligman, M. (1995) Learned Helplessness: A Theory for the Age of Personal Control, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Pietrzyk-Reeves, D. (2008) ‘Weak civic engagement? Post-communist participation and democratic consolidation’, Polish Sociological Review 1: 73–87.
  • Putnam, R. (2002) Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society, London: Oxford University Press.
  • Putnam, R., Leonardi, R. and Nanetti, R. (1993) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Rose, R. and Shin, D. (2001) ‘Democratization backwards: The problem of third-wave democracies’, British Journal of Political Science 31: 331–54. 10.1017/S0007123401000138
  • Rothstein, B. (2004) ‘Social trust and honesty in government: A causal mechanisms approach’, in J. Kornai, B. Rothstein and S. Rose-Ackerman (eds), Creating Social Trust in Post-Socialist Transition, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 13–30.
  • Rothstein, B. and Stolle, D. (2003) ‘Social capital, impartiality and the welfare state: An institutional approach’, in M. Hooghe and D. Stolle (eds), Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan pp. 191–210.
  • Roubini, N. (2009) ‘Latvia's currency crisis is a return of Argentina's’, Financial Times, June 11.
  • Russell, M. (2005) Must Politics Disappoint?, London: Fabian Society.
  • Stoker, G. (2008) ‘Explaining political disenchantment: Finding pathways to democratic renewal’, The Political Quarterly 77: 184–94. 10.1111/j.1467-923X.2006.00761.x
  • Stolle, D. (1998) ‘Bowling together, bowling alone: The development of generalized trust in voluntary associations’, Political Psychology 19: 497–525. 10.1111/0162-895X.00115
  • Stolle, D. (2003) ‘The sources of social capital’, in Marc Hooghe and Dietlind Stolle (eds), Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 19–42.
  • Sztompka, P. (1996) ‘Introduction. The lessons of 1989 for sociological theory’, in P. Sztompka (ed.) Building Open Society and Perspectives of Sociology in East-central Europe, http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~intlsa/en/meetings/reports/EastCentralEurope.html
  • Toots, A. and Bachmann, J. (2010) ‘Contemporary welfare regimes in Baltic states: Adapting post-communist conditions to post-modern challenges’, Studies of Transition States and Societies 2: 31–44.
  • Uslaner, E. (2003) ‘Trust, democracy and governance: Can government policies influence Generalized Trust?’, in M. Hooghe and D. Stolle (eds), Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 171–90.
  • Uslaner, E. and Brown, M. (2005) ‘Inequality, trust, and civic engagement’, American Politics Research 33: 868–94. 10.1177/1532673X04271903
  • Weisbrot, M. and Ray, R. (2011) ‘Latvia's internal devaluation: A success story?’, Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research, http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/latvia-2011-12.pdf
  • Welzel, C., Inglehart, R. and Deutsch, F. (2005) ‘Social capital, voluntary associations and collective action: Which aspects of social capital have the greatest “civic” payoff?’, Journal of Civil Society 1: 121–46. 10.1080/17448680500337475
  • Wittman, D. (1989) ‘Why democracies produce efficient results’, The Journal of Political Economy 97: 1395–424. 10.1086/261660
  • Zepa, B. (2001) ‘Confidence in institutions: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania’, in E. Loftsson and Y. Choe (eds), Political Representation and Participation in Transitory Democracies: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Stockholm: Soedertorn University, pp. 63–85.
  • Zmerli, S., Newton, K. and Montero, R. (2007) ‘Trust in people, confidence in political institutions, and satisfaction with democracy’, in J. W. van Deth, J. R. Montero and A. Westholm (eds), Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies. A Comparative Analysis, London: Routledge, pp. 35–65.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.