Multiplicative or compensatory advantage? Multigenerational contribution to grandchildren’s educational success in the Soviet and the post-Soviet contexts

References

• Alesina, A. and Giuliano, P. (2015) 'Culture and institutions', Journal of Economic Literature 53(4): 898–944.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alesina, A. F., Seror, M., Yang, D. Y., You, Y. and Zeng, W. (2020) 'Persistence through revolutions', NBER Working Paper 27053. http://www.nber.org/papers/w27053.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, L. R., Sheppard, P. and Monden, C. W. S. (2018) 'Grandparent effects of educational outcomes: a systematic review', Sociological Science 5: 114–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andorka, R. (1997) 'Social mobility in Hungary since the Second World War: interpretations through surveys and through family histories', in D. Bertraux and P. Thompson (eds), Pathways to Social Class: A Qualitative Approach to Social Mobility, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 259–298.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, S. O., Grosfeld, I., Grosjean, P., Voigtlander, N. and Zhuravskaya, E. (2020) 'Forced migration and human capital: evidence from post-WWII population transfers', American Economic Review 110(5): 1430–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtson, V. I. (2001) 'Beyond the nuclear family: the increasing importance of multigenerational ties', Journal of Marriage and Family 63(1): 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bol, T. and Kalmijn, M. (2016) 'Grandparents’ resources and grandchildren’s schooling: does grandparental involvement moderate the grandparent effect?’', Social Science Research 55: 155–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, S. and Stuhler, J. (2018) 'The transmission of inequality across multiple generations: testing recent theories with evidence from Germany', The Economic Journal 128(609): 576–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breen, R. (2018) 'Some methodological problems in the study of multigenerational mobility', European Sociological Review 34(6): 603–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breinholt, A. and Jæger, M. M. (2020) 'How does cultural capital affect educational performance: signals or skills?', The British Journal of Sociology 71(1): 28–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, T. W. and Boliver, V. (2013) 'The grandparents effect in social mobility: evidence from British birth cohort studies', American Sociological Review 78(4): 662–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang, Y.-L. and Park, H. (2015) 'Do grandparents matter? A multigenerational perspective on educational attainment in Taiwan', Social Science Research 51: 163–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daw, J., Gaddis, S. M. and Morse, A. R. (2020) '3Ms of 3G: testing three mechanisms of three-generational educational mobility in the U.S', Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 66, 100481. doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100481.
   Google Scholar
• Deindl, C. and Tieben, N. (2017) 'Resources of grandparents: educational outcomes across three generations in Europe and Israel', Journal of Marriage and Family 79(3): 769–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, Z. and Treiman, D. J. (1997) 'The impact of the cultural revolution on trends in educational attainment in the People’s Republic of China', American Journal of Sociology 103(2): 391–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiPrete, T. A. and Eirich, G. M. (2006) 'Cumulative advantage as a mechanism for inequality: a review of theoretical and empirical developments', Annual Review of Sociology 32: 271–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engzell, P. (2019) 'What do books in the home proxy for? A cautionary tale', Sociological Methods & Research, 50(4): 1487–1514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engzell, P., Mood, C. and Jonsson, J. O. (2020) 'It’s all about the parents: inequality transmission across three generations in Sweden’', Sociological Science 7: 242–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erola, J. and Kilpi-Jakonen, E. (2017) ‘Compensation and other forms of accumulation in intergenerational social inequality’, in J. Erola and E. Kilpi-Jakonen (eds), Social Inequality Across the Generations: The Role of Resource Compensation and Multiplication in Resource Accumulation, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 3–24.
   Google Scholar
• Erola, J., Kilpi-Jakonen, E., Prix, I. and Lehti, H. (2018) 'Resource compensation from the extended family: grandparents, aunts, and uncles in Finland and the United States', European Sociological Review 34(4): 348–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erola, J. and Moisio, P. (2007) 'Social mobility over three generations in Finland, 1950-2000', European Sociological Review 23(2): 169–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esping-Andersen, G. (2015) 'Welfare regimes and social stratification', Journal of European Social Policy 25(1): 124–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. (1998) The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hällstein, M. and Pfeffer, F. (2017) Grand advantage: family wealth and grandchildren’s educational achievement in Sweden, American Sociological Review 82(2): 328–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanley, E. (2001) 'Centrally administered mobility reconsidered: the political dimension of educational stratification in state-socialist Czechoslovakia', Sociology of Education 74(1): 25–43.
   Google Scholar
• Hanley, E. and McKeever, M. (1997) 'The persistence of educational inequalities in state-socialist Hungary: trajectory maintenance versus counter selection', Sociology of Education 70(1): 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Hazans, M., Trapeznikova, I. and Rastrigina, O. (2008) 'Ethnic and parental effects on schooling outcomes before and during the transition: evidence from the Baltic countries', Journal of Population Economics 21(3): 719–49.
   Google Scholar
• Helemäe, J. (2011) ‘Intragenerational mobility under conditions of rapid neoliberalization’, in E. Saar (ed.), Towards a Normal Stratification Order. Actual and Perceived Social Stratification in Post-Socialist Estonia. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, pp. 83–110.
   Google Scholar
• Helemäe, J., Saar, E. and Lauri, T. (2021) 'How educational, economic, and cultural resources do matter: cohort differences in the impact of parental resources on educational attainment in the socialist and post-socialist contexts', International Journal of Sociology 51(2): 105–34. doi:10.1080/00207659.2020.1856543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helemäe, J., Saar, E. and Vöörmann, R. (2000) Kas Haridusse Tasus Investeerida? [in Estonian, Returns to Education], Tallinn: Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus.
   Google Scholar
• Hertel, F. R. and Groh-Samberg, O. (2014) 'Class mobility across three generations in the U.S. and Germany', Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 35: 35–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, A. and Wu, X. (2021) 'Cultural capital and elite university attendance in China', British Journal of Sociology of Education 42(8): 1265–93.
   Google Scholar
• Jæger, M. M. (2012) 'The extended family and children’s educational success’', American Sociological Review 77(6): 903–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazjulja, M. and Paškov, M. (2011) ‘Social distance: income differences by occupational groups’, in E. Saar (ed.), Towards a Normal Stratification Order: Actual and Perceived Social Stratification in Post-Socialist Estonia. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, pp. 61–82.
   Google Scholar
• Knigge, A. (2016) 'Beyond the parental generation: the influence of grandfathers and great-grandfathers on status Attainment', Demography 53: 1219–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lareau, A. and Weininger, E. B. (2003) 'Cultural capital in educational research: a critical assessment', Theory and Society 32: 567–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehti, H., Erola, J. and Tanskanen, A. O. (2018) 'Tying the extended family knot – grandparents’ influence on educational achievement’', European Sociological Review 35(1): 29–48.
   Google Scholar
• Lindahl, M., Palme, M., Sandgren Massih, S. and Sjögren, A. (2015) 'Long term intergenerational persistence of human capital: an empirical analysis of four generations', Journal of Human Resources 50(1): 1–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H. (2018) 'Social and genetic pathways in multigenerational transmission of educational attainment', American Sociological Review 83(8): 278–304.
   Google Scholar
• Long, J. and Ferrie, J. (2018) 'Grandfathers matter(ed): occupational mobility across three generations in the US and Britain, 1850-1911', The Economic Journal 128: F422–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupu, N. and Peisakhin, L. (2017) 'The legacy of political violence across generations', American Journal of Political Science 61(4): 836–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mare, R. D. (2011) 'A multigenerational view of inequality', Demography 48: 1–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mare, R. D. (2014) 'Multigenerational aspects of social stratification: issues for further research', Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 35: 121–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mize, T. D. (2019) 'Best practices for estimating, interpreting, and presenting nonlinear interaction effects', Sociological Science 6: 81–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modin, B., Erikson, R. and Vågerö, D. (2013) 'Intergenerational continuity in school performance: do grandparents matter?', European Sociological Review 29(4): 858–70.
   Google Scholar
• Møllegaard, S. and Jæger, M. M. (2015) 'The effect of grandparents’ economic, cultural, and social capital on grandchildren’s educational success’', Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 42: 11–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mood, C. (2010) 'Logistic regression: why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it', European Sociological Review 26(1): 67–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, H. and Kim, K. (2019) 'The legacy of disadvantaged origins: blocked social mobility of descendants of Nobi great-grandfathers in Korea (1765-1894)', Social Forces 98(2): 677–701.
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, F. T. (2014) 'Multigenerational approaches to social mobility. A multifaceted research agenda', Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 35: 1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, F. T. and Killewald, A. (2018) 'Generations of advantage. Multigenerational correlations in family wealth', Social Forces 96(4): 1411–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilve, E. (2017) '‘Kurnajate’ ja ‘rahvavaenlaste’ perekonnaliikmed Nõukogude võimu kammitsais’ [in Estonian Family members of ‘public enemies’ and ‘exploiters’ in fetters of Soviet power]', Tuna 1: 58–73.
   Google Scholar
• Põder, K., Lauri, T., Ivaniushina, V. and Alexandrov, D. (2016) 'Family background and school choice in cities of Russia and Estonia: selective agenda of the Soviet past and present', Studies of Transition States and Societies 8(3): 5–28.
   Google Scholar
• Ragin, C. C. (2008) Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ragin, C. C. and Fiss, P. C. (2017) Intersectional Inequality, Chicago: University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Saar, E. (2010) 'Changes in intergenerational mobility and educational inequality in Estonia: comparative analysis of cohorts born between 1930 and 1974', European Sociological Review 26(3): 367–83.
   Google Scholar
• Saar, E. and Helemäe, J. (2017) ‘The role of economic and cultural resources in the intergenerational transmission of education in Estonia’, in J. Erola and E. Kilpi-Jakonen (ed.), Social Inequality Across the Generations: The Role of Resource Compensation and Multiplication in Resource Accumulation, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 27–47.
   Google Scholar
• Saar, E. and Helemäe, J. (2021) 'Inequality across three generations under pressure from Sovietization policies: forcing discontinuity between two generations to strengthen the impact of grandparents', Comparative Sociology 20(2): 255–82.
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard, P. and Monden, C. (2018) 'The additive advantage of having educated grandfathers for children’s education: evidence from a cross-national sample in Europe’', European Sociological Review 34(4): 365–80.
   Google Scholar
• Sirk, V. (2007) 'Educational ideology and professional middle class in Soviet Estonia in the 1950s-1980s', Acta Historica Tallinnensia 11: 96–114.
   Google Scholar
• Song, X. (2016) 'Diverging mobility trajectories: grandparent effect on educational attainment in one- and two-parent families in the United States', Demography 53: 1905–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song, X. and Mare, R. D. (2017) 'Short-term and long-term educational mobility of families: a two-sex approach', Demography 54: 143–73.
   Google Scholar
• Szelenyi, I. (1978) 'Social Inequalities in state socialist redistributive economies: dilemmas for social Policy in contemporary socialist societies of Eastern Europe', International Journal of Comparative Sociology 19(1–2): 63–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomusk, V. (2000) 'Reproduction of the ‘State Nobility’ in Eastern Europe: past patterns and new practices', British Journal of Sociology of Education 23(2): 269–82.
   Google Scholar
• Treiman, D. J. and Walder, A. G. (2019) 'The impact of class labels on life chances in China', American Journal of Sociology 124(4): 1125–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Weele, T. (2015) Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods for Mediation and Interaction, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Veskimägi, K.-O. (2005) Kuidas valitseti Eesti NSV-d [in Estonian how Estonian SSR was Governed], Tallinn: Varrak.
   Google Scholar
• Walder, A. (1995) 'Career mobility and the communist political order', American Sociological Review 60(3): 309–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, J. R. and Hauser, R. M. (1997) 'Social stratification across three generations: new evidence from the Wisconsin longitudinal study', American Sociological Review 62(4): 561–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wightman, P. and Danziger, S. (2014) 'Multi-generational income disadvantage and the educational attainment of young adults', Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 35: 53–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, R. S. K. (1998) 'Multidimensional influences of family environment in education: the case of socialist Czechoslovakia', Sociology of Education 71(1): 1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, Y. and Zhang, C. (2019) 'The long-term impact of the Communist Revolution on social stratification in contemporary China', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116(39): 19392–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, Z. and Xie, Y. (2014) 'The effects of grandparents on children’s schooling: evidence from rural China’', Demography 51: 599–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, M. and Li, Y. (2019) 'Family fortunes: the persisting grandparents’ effects in contemporary British society’', Social Science Research 77: 179–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziefle, A. (2016) 'Persistent educational advantage across three generations: empirical evidence for Germany', Sociological Science 3: 1077–102.
   Google Scholar