Does communist nostalgia lead to COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs?

References

• Achimescu, V., Sultănescu, D. and Sultănescu, D. C. (2021) 'The path from distrusting Western actors to conspiracy beliefs and noncompliance with public health guidance during the COVID-19 crisis', Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 31(sup1): 299–310.
   Google Scholar
• Allington, D., Duffy, B., Wessely, S., Dhavan, N. and Rubin, J. (2021) 'Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency', Psychological Medicine 51(10): 1763–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alper, S., Bayrak, F. and Yilmaz, O. (2020) 'Psychological correlates of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures: evidence from Turkey', Current Psychology 40: 5708–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning, C. S. (2019) 'Brexit populism and fantasies of fulfilment', Cambridge Review of International Affairs 32(3): 222–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burawoy, M. and Verdery, K. (eds.). (1999). Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in the Postsocialist World, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Calvillo, D. P., Ross, B. J., Garcia, R. J., Smelter, T. J. and Rutchick, A. M. (2020) 'Political ideology predicts perceptions of the threat of COVID-19 (and susceptibility to fake news about it)', Social Psychological and Personality Science 11(8): 1119–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canovan, M. (1999) 'Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy', Political Studies 47(1): 2–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassese, E. C., Farhart, C. E. and Miller, J. M. (2020) 'Gender differences in COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs', Politics & Gender 16(4): 1009–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castanho Silva, B., Jungkunz, S., Helbling, M. and Littvay, L. (2020) 'An empirical comparison of seven populist attitudes scales', Political Research Quarterly 73(2): 409–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Čepaitienė, R. (2007) 'Sovietmečio atmintis–tarp atmetimo ir nostalgijos', Lituanistica 72(4): 36–50.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas, K. M. (2021) 'COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories', Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24(2): 270–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, K. M., Uscinski, J. E., Sutton, R. M., Cichocka, A., Nefes, T., Ang, C. S. and Deravi, F. (2019) 'Understanding conspiracy theories', Political Psychology 40: 3–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubov, B., Lukas, E. and Morris, J. (2021) ‘Jabbed in the Back: Mapping Russian and Chinese Information Operations during COVID-19’, CEPA. Available from: https://cepa.org/jabbed-in-the-back-mapping-russian-and-chinese-information-operations-during-covid-19/ [Accessed 2 December, 2021].
   Google Scholar
• Duvold, K., Berglund, S. and Ekman, J. (2020) Political Culture in the Baltic States. Between National and European Integration, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Duvold, K. and Ekman, J. (2016) 'Nationality-driven Soviet nostalgia: determinants of retrospective regime evaluation in the Baltic States', Twentieth Century Communism 11(11): 43–66.
   Google Scholar
• EB (2021) ‘Public Opinion in the European Union.’ Standard Eurobarometer 95, Spring 2021, First Results, https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2532.
   Google Scholar
• Eberl, J. M., Huber, R. A. and Greussing, E. (2021) 'From populism to the “plandemic”: why populists believe in COVID-19 conspiracies', Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 31(sup1): 272–84.
   Google Scholar
• Ekman, J. and Linde, J. (2005) 'Communist nostalgia and the consolidation of democracy in Central and Eastern Europe', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 21(3): 354–74.
   Google Scholar
• Elgenius, G. and Rydgren, J. (2019) 'Frames of nostalgia and belonging: The resurgence of ethno-nationalism in Sweden', European Societies 21(4): 583–602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, D. and Bentall, R. P. (2017) 'The concomitants of conspiracy concerns', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 52(5): 595–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, D., Waite, F., Rosebrock, L., Petit, A., Causier, C., East, A., Jenner, L., Teale, A. L., Carr, L., Mulhall, S. and Bold, E. (2022) 'Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust, and compliance with government guidelines in England', Psychological Medicine 52(2): 251–263. doi:10.1017/S0033291720001890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabriel, Y. (2017) 'Narrative ecologies and the role of counter-narratives: The case of nostalgic stories and conspiracy theories', in S. Frandsen, T. Kuhn and M. W. Lundholt (eds.), Counter-narratives and Organization, New York: Routledge, pp. 216–34.
   Google Scholar
• Gest, J., Reny, T. and Mayer, J. (2018) 'Roots of the radical right: nostalgic deprivation in the United States and Britain', Comparative Political Studies 51(13): 1694–719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gherghina, S. (2010) 'Attitudes towards the communist past in five central and eastern European Countries', History of Communism in Europe: Politics of Memory in Post-Communist Europe 1: 165–79. https://ssrn.com/abstract = 1932683.
   Google Scholar
• Ghodsee, K. (2004) 'Red nostalgia? Communism, women’s emancipation, and economic transformation in Bulgaria’', L’Homme 15(1): 33–46.
   Google Scholar
• Ghodsee, K. and Orenstein, M. (2021) Taking Stock of Shock: Social Consequences of the 1989 Revolutions, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goertzel, T. (1994) 'Belief in conspiracy Theories', Political Psychology 14(4): 731–42.
   Google Scholar
• Hajdu, D., Klingova, K., Milo, D. and Sawaris, M. (2021) ‘GLOBSEC Trends 2021’. Central and Eastern Europe One Year into the Pandemic, June, www.globsec.org.
   Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S., Anduiza, E., Carkoglu, A., Lutz, G. and Sauger, N. (2016) ‘Democracy Divided? People, Politicians and the Politics of Populism’, http://www.cses.org/plancom/module5/CSES5_ContentSubcommittee_FinalReport.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey, C. (2002) The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies After Socialism, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Imhoff, R. and Bruder, M. (2014) 'Speaking (un–) truth to power: conspiracy mentality as a generalised political attitude', European Journal of Personality 28(1): 25–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jastramskis, M. (2020) 'Kas už ką balsavo 2019 metų Lietuvos prezidento rinkimuose?', Politologija 97(1): 8–41.
   Google Scholar
• Klumbytė, N. (2004) 'Dabarties istorijos paraščių žmonės: atsiminimai apie sovietmetį ir kasdienybės patirtys kaimo bendruomenėse', Politologija 35(3): 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Klumbytė, N. (2008) 'Post-Soviet publics and nostalgia for Soviet times', in I. W. Schröder and A. Vonderau (eds.), Changing Economies and Changing Identities in Postsocialist Eastern Europe, Berlin: LIT Verlag, pp. 27–46.
   Google Scholar
• Klumbytė, N. (2010) 'Memory, identity, and citizenship in Lithuania', Journal of Baltic Studies 41(3): 295–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koleva, D. (2011) 'Hope for the past? postsocialist nostalgia 20 years Later', in N. Hayoz, L. Jesien and D. Koleva (eds.), 20 Years After the Collapse of Communism, Lausanne: Peter Lang Verlag, pp. 417–34.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, E. M., Donaldson, K. R., Liew, M. and Mohanty, A. (2021) 'Conspiratorial thinking during COVID-19: The roles of paranoia, delusion-proneness, and intolerance of uncertainty', Frontiers in Psychiatry 12, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LRV (2021) ‘Relevant information About Coronavirus (Covid-19)’, Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Available from: https://koronastop.lrv.lt/lt/.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. M. (2020) 'Do COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs form a monological belief system?', Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 53(2): 319–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishler, W. and Rose, R. (1996) 'Trajectories of fear and hope: support for democracy in Post-Communist Europe', Comparative Political Studies 28(4): 553–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishler, W. and Rose, R. (2002) 'Learning and re-learning regime support: The dynamics of post-communist regimes', European Journal of Political Research 41(1): 5–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, J. and Polese, A. (eds.). (2014). The Informal Post-Socialist Economy: Embedded Practices and Livelihoods, London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Moy, W. R. and Gradon, K. (2020) ‘COVID-19 Effects and Russian Disinformation Campaigns’, Homeland Security Affairs Journal, Special COVID-19 Issue: 1–27. Available from: https://www.hsaj.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. and Kaltwasser, C. R. (2017) Populism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. and Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2018) 'Studying populism in comparative perspective: reflections on the contemporary and future research agenda', Comparative Political Studies 51(13): 1667–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, L. (2013) 'Nostalgia as resistance: memory, space and the competing modernities in Berlin and Shanghai', European Journal of East Asian Studies 12(1): 135–60.
   Google Scholar
• Ramonaitė, A. (2007) Posovietinės Lietuvos politinė anatomija, Vilnius: Versus Aureus.
   Google Scholar
• Ramonaitė, A. (2013) 'Kas ilgisi sovietmečio? Ekonominio statuso, socialinės aplinkos ir vertybinių nuostatų įtaka sovietinei–antisovietinei skirčiai Lietuvoje', Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 33(2): 265–85.
   Google Scholar
• Ramonaitė, A. (ed.). (2014). Kaip renkasi lietuvos rinkėjai? Idėjos, interesai ir įvaizdžiai politikoje, Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.
   Google Scholar
• Ramonaitė, A. (2018) 'Socialinė rinkėjų tapatybė ir partijų pasirinkimas: ar yra vietos skirčių politikai Lietuvoje?', in M. Jastramskis (ed.), Ar galime prognozuoti Seimo rinkimus? Trijų kūnų problema Lietuvos politikoje, Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, pp. 71–96.
   Google Scholar
• Ramonaitė, A. (2020) 'Mapping the political space in Lithuania: the discrepancy between party elites and party supporters', Journal of Baltic Studies 51(4): 477–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramonaitė, A. (2022) Replication package for “Does Communist Nostalgia Lead to COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs?” [data set]. Zenodo. Available from: doi:10.5281/zenodo.7110002.
   Google Scholar
• Ramonaitė, A., Jastramskis, M., Kavaliauskaitė, J., Morkevičius, V., Pukelis, L., Ulinskaitė, J., Vaiginytė, A. and Vijeikis, P. (2022) ‘Porinkiminė apklausa, 2021m. sausis - vasaris = Post-Election Survey, January - February 2021’, https://hdl.handle.net/21.12137/KVY7LE, Lietuvos HSM duomenų archyvas (LiDA) = Lithuanian Data Archive for HSS (LiDA), V2, UNF:6:CUnvK66WAYwcGV/Ur74ivA = = [fileUNF].
   Google Scholar
• Romer, D. and Jamieson, K. H. (2020) 'Conspiracy theories as barriers to controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the US', Social Science & Medicine 263: 113356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C. R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L., Recchia, G., Van Der Bles, A. M. and Van Der Linden, S. (2020) 'Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world', Royal Society Open Science 7(10): 201199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallam, M., Dababseh, D., Yaseen, A., Al-Haidar, A., Ababneh, N. A., Bakri, F. G. and Mahafzah, A. (2020) 'Conspiracy beliefs are associated with lower knowledge and higher anxiety levels regarding COVID-19 among students at the University of Jordan', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17: 4915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šrol, J., Ballová Mikušková, E. and Čavojová, V. (2021) 'When we are worried, what are we thinking? Anxiety, lack of control, and conspiracy beliefs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic', Applied Cognitive Psychology 35(3): 720–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley, B. (2008) 'the thin ideology of populism', Journal of Political Ideologies 13(1): 95–110.
   Google Scholar
• Statista (2022) ‘Share of adults who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 in the European Economic Area (EEA) as of January 21, 2022, by country’ https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218676/full-covid-19-vaccination-uptake-in-europe/.
   Google Scholar
• Stecula, D. A. and Pickup, M. (2021) 'How populism and conservative media fuel conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 and what it means for COVID-19 behaviors', Research & Politics 8(1): 2053168021993979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenvoorden, E. and Harteveld, E. (2018) 'The appeal of nostalgia: The influence of societal pessimism on support for populist radical right parties', West European Politics 41(1): 28–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoica, C. A. and Umbreș, R. (2021) 'Suspicious minds in times of crisis: determinants of Romanians’ beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories’', European Societies 23(sup1): S246–S261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm, T. and Albrecht, T. (2021) 'Constituent COVID-19 apocalypses: contagious conspiracism, 5G, and viral vaccinations', Anthropology & Medicine 28(1): 122–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukhankin, S. (2020) ‘COVID-19 as a tool of information confrontation: Russia’s approach’, The School of Public Policy Publications, Volume 3:13, April, https://ssrn.com/abstract = 3566689.
   Google Scholar
• Šutinienė, I. (2013) 'Sovietmečio atmintis šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje: ambivalentiškumas ar nostalgija?', Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 32(1): 152–75.
   Google Scholar
• Swami, V., Coles, R., Stieger, S., Pietschnig, J., Furnham, A., Rehim, S. and Voracek, M. (2011) 'Conspiracist ideation in Britain and Austria: evidence of a monological belief system and associations between individual psychological differences and real-world and fictitious conspiracy theories', British Journal of Psychology 102(3): 443–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sztompka, P. (2004) 'The trauma of social change: a case of postcommunist Societies', in J. C. Alexander, R. Eyerman, B. Giesen, N. J. Smelser and P. Sztompka (eds.), Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity, Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Todorova, M.N., Gille, Z. eds. (2010) Post-communist Nostalgia. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 155–95.
   Google Scholar
• Uscinski, J. E., Enders, A. M., Klofstad, C., Seelig, M., Funchion, J., Everett, C., Wuchty, S., Premaratne, K. and Murthi, M. (2020) 'Why do people believe COVID-19 conspiracy theories?', Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review 1(Special Issue on Misinformation and COVID-19), doi:10.37016/mr-2020-015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uscinski, J. E., Klofstad, C. and Atkinson, M. D. (2016) 'What drives conspiratorial beliefs? The role of informational cues and predispositions', Political Research Quarterly 69(1): 57–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Mulukom, V., Pummerer, L., Alper, S., Bai, H., Cavojova, V., Farias, J. and Zezelj, I. (2020) ‘Antecedents and consequences of Covid-19 conspiracy beliefs: A systematic review’, PsyarXiv, 10.
   Google Scholar
• Van Prooijen, J. W. (2018) 'Populism as political mentality underlying conspiracy theories', in B. T. Rutjens and M. J. Brandt (eds.), Belief Systems and the Perception of Reality, London: Routledge, pp. 79–96.
   Google Scholar
• Velikonja, M. (2009) 'Lost in transition. Nostalgia for socialism in post-socialist countries', East European Politics and Societies 23(4): 535–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volčič, Z. (2007) 'Yugo-nostalgia: cultural memory and media in the former Yugoslavia', Critical Studies in Media Communication 24(1): 21–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, S. (2010) 'Soviet nostalgia and Russian Politics', Journal of Eurasian Studies 1(1): 1–9.
   Google Scholar