Natives’ and migrants’ employment uncertainty and childbearing during the great recession: a comparison between Italy and Sweden

References

• Aassve, A. and Lappegård, T. (2009) 'childcare cash benefits and fertility timing in Norway', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 25(1): 67–88. doi: 10.1007/s10680-008-9158-6
   Google Scholar
• Adserà, A. (2005) 'vanishing children: from high unemployment to low fertility in developed countries', American Economic Review 95(2): 189–93. doi: 10.1257/000282805774669763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adserà, A. (2011) 'where Are the babies? labor market conditions and fertility in Europe. Où sont les bébés? conditions du marché du travail et fécondité en Europe', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 27(1): 1–32. doi: 10.1007/s10680-010-9222-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adserà, A. and Ferrer, A. (2011) Age at migration, language and fertility patterns among migrants to Canada. IZA Discussion Papers, No. 5552, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn.
   Google Scholar
• Adserà, A. and Ferrer, A. (2016) 'the fertility of married immigrant women to Canada', International Migration Review 50(2): 475–505. doi: 10.1111/imre.12114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adserà, A., Ferrer, A. M. and Herranz, V. (2020) Descriptive labor market outcomes of immigrant women across Europe (No. 18). Working Paper Series, University of Waterloo, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), Waterloo.
   Google Scholar
• Alderotti, G. (2022) 'female employment and first childbirth in Italy: what news?', Genus 78(1): 1–19. doi: 10.1186/s41118-022-00162-w
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alderotti, G., Vignoli, D., Baccini, M. and Matysiak, A. (2021) 'employment instability and fertility in Europe: A meta-Analysis', Demography 58(3): 871–900. doi: 10.1215/00703370-9164737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, G. (2004) 'childbearing after migration: fertility patterns of foreign-born women in Sweden 1', International Migration Review 38(2): 747–74. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00216.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, G. and Scott, K. (2005) 'Labour-market status and first-time parenthood: The experience of immigrant women in Sweden, 1981–97', Population Studies 59(1): 21–38. doi: 10.1080/0032472052000332683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, G. and Scott, K. (2007) 'childbearing dynamics of couples in a universalistic welfare state: The role of labor-market status, country of origin, and gender', Demographic Research 17: 897–938. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2007.17.30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballarino, Gabriele and Panichella, Nazareno (2015) 'The occupational integration of male migrants in Western European countries: assimilation or persistent disadvantage?', International Migration 53(2): 338–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballarino, G. and Panichella, N. (2018) 'the occupational integration of migrant women in western European labour markets', Acta Sociologica 61(2): 126–42. doi: 10.1177/0001699317723441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbieri, P. 2011. Italy: No country for young men (and women): The Italian way of coping with increasing demands for labour market flexibility and rising welfare problems. In Globalized Labour Markets and Social Inequality in Europe (pp. 108–145). Palgrave Macmillan: London.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, G. S. (1981) 'altruism in the family and selfishness in the market Place', Economica 48(189): 1–15. doi: 10.2307/2552939
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berinde, D. (1999) 'pathways to a third child in Sweden', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 15(4): 349–78. doi: 10.1023/A:1006287630064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardi, F. and Nazio, T. (2005) Globalization and the transition to adulthood in Italy. Globalization, uncertainty and youth in society: The losers in a globalizing world, 359-385.
   Google Scholar
• Bevelander, P. and Pendakur, R. (2012) 'citizenship, co-ethnic populations, and employment probabilities of immigrants in Sweden', Journal of International Migration and Integration 13(2): 203–22.
   Google Scholar
• Boeckmann, I., Misra, J. and Budig, M. (2015) 'cultural and institutional factors shaping mothers’ employment and working hours in postindustrial countries', Social Forces 3(4): 1301–1333. doi: 10.1093/sf/sou119
   Google Scholar
• Bordone, V., Billari, F. C. and Dalla Zuanna, G. (2009) 'the Italian labour force survey to estimate fertility', Statistical Methods and Applications 18(3): 445–51. doi: 10.1007/s10260-008-0102-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borjas, G. J. (1985) 'assimilation, changes in cohort quality, and the earnings of immigrants', Journal of Labor Economics 3(4): 463–89. doi: 10.1086/298065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busetta, A. and Giambalvo, O. (2014) 'the effect of women’s participation in the labour market on the postponement of first childbirth: a comparison of Italy and Hungary', Journal of Population Research 31(2): 151–92. doi: 10.1007/s12546-014-9126-4
   Google Scholar
• Caltabiano, M., Comolli, C. L. and Rosina, A. (2017) 'the effect of the great recession on permanent childlessness in Italy', Demographic Research 37: 635–68. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantalini, S. and Panichella, N. (2019) 'the fertility of Male immigrants: a comparative study on six western European countries', European Societies 21(1): 101–29. doi: 10.1080/14616696.2018.1511820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, L. J., Retherford, R. D. and Choe, M. K. (1986) The own-children method of fertility estimation.
   Google Scholar
• Comolli, C. L. (2017) 'the fertility response to the great recession in Europe and the United States: structural economic conditions and perceived economic uncertainty', Demographic Research 36: 1549–600. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.51
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comolli, C. L. (2021) 'couples’ paid work, state-level unemployment, and first births in the United States', Demographic Research 45: 1149–84. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.38
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comolli, C. L. and Bernardi, F. (2015) 'the causal effect of the great recession on childlessness of white American women', IZA Journal of Labor Economics 4(1): 21. doi: 10.1186/s40172-015-0037-1
   Google Scholar
• Comolli, C. L., Neyer, G., Andersson, G., Dommermuth, L., Fallesen, P., Jalovaara, M., … Lappegård, T. (2020) 'beyond the economic gaze: childbearing during and after recessions in the nordic countries', European Journal of Population, 1–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantis, C. and Rizzi, E. L. (2020) 'transition to first birth during the great recession: the case of Greece', Genus 76(1): 1–21. doi: 10.1186/s41118-019-0070-1
   Google Scholar
• de Lange, M., Wolbers, M. H., Gesthuizen, M. and Ultee, W. C. (2014) 'the impact of macro-and micro-economic uncertainty on family formation in The Netherlands', European Journal of Population 30(2): 161–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Bono, E., Weber, A. and Winter-Ebmer, R. (2015) 'fertility and economic instability: the role of unemployment and job displacement', Journal of Population Economics 28(2): 463–78. doi: 10.1007/s00148-014-0531-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubuc, S. (2012) 'immigration to the UK from high-fertility countries: intergenerational adaptation and fertility convergence', Population and Development Review 38(2): 353–68. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00496.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupray, A. and Pailhé, A. (2018) 'does employment uncertainty particularly impact fertility of children of north African immigrants in France? A gender perspective', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44(3): 401–24. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2017.1313107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easterlin, R. A. (1987) Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare, University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Esping-Andersen, G. (2009) The Incomplete Revolution: Adapting to Women’s New Roles, Malden, MA: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat (2020) https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/.
   Google Scholar
• Fellini, I. and Guetto, R. (2018) 'a “U-shaped” pattern of immigrants’ occupational careers? A comparative analysis of Italy, Spain, and France', International Migration Review 0197918318767931.
   Google Scholar
• Fiori, F., Graham, E. and Rinesi, F. (2018) Economic Reasons for not Wanting a Second Child: Changes Before and After the Onset of the Economic Recession in Italy, Demographic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, D., Hechter, M. and Kanazawa, S. (1994) 'a theory of the value of children', Demography 31(3): 375–401. doi: 10.2307/2061749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullin, G. and Reyneri, E. (2011) 'low unemployment and bad jobs for new immigrants in Italy', International Migration 49(1): 118–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00594.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, H. and Healy, M. J. (1995) 'the graphical presentation of a collection of means', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 158(1): 175–7. doi: 10.2307/2983411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, J. R., Kreyenfeld, M., Jasilioniene, A. and Örsal, D. K. (2013) 'fertility reactions to the “great recession” in Europe: recent evidence from order-specific data', Demographic Research 29: 85–104. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Ferrer, A., Castro-Martín, T., Kraus, E. and Eremenko, T. (2017) 'childbearing patterns among immigrant women and their daughters in Spain: over-adaptation or structural constraints', Demographic Research 37: 599–634. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guetto, R. (2018) 'employment returns to tertiary education for immigrants in Western Europe: cross-country differences before and after the economic crisis', Social Inclusion 6(3): 64–77. doi: 10.17645/si.v6i3.1446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hervitz, H. M. (1985) 'selectivity, adaptation, or disruption? A comparison of alternative hypotheses on the effects of migration on fertility: The case of Brazil', International Migration Review 19(2): 293–317. doi: 10.1177/019791838501900205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Impicciatore, R., Gabrielli, G. and Paterno, A. (2020) 'migrants’ fertility in Italy: A comparison between origin and destination', European Journal of Population 36(4): 799–825. doi: 10.1007/s10680-019-09553-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kil, T., Neels, K., Wood, J. and de Valk, H. A. (2018) 'employment after parenthood: women of migrant origin and natives compared', European Journal of Population 34(3): 413–40. doi: 10.1007/s10680-017-9431-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killewald, A. and García-Manglano, J. (2016) 'tethered lives: A couple-based perspective on the consequences of parenthood for time use, occupation, and wages', Social Science Research 60: 266–82. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus, E. K. (2017) Family Dynamics of International Migrants and Their Descendants (Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra).
   Google Scholar
• Kravdal, Ø (2002) 'the impact of individual and aggregate unemployment on fertility in Norway', Demographic Research 6: 263–94. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2002.6.10
   Google Scholar
• Kreyenfeld, M. (2004) 'fertility decisions in the FRG and GDR: An analysis with data from the German fertility and family Survey', Demographic Research 3: 275–318. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2004.S3.11
   Google Scholar
• Kreyenfeld, M. (2009) 'uncertainties in female employment careers and the postponement of parenthood in Germany', European Sociological Review 26(3): 351–66. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcp026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreyenfeld, M. (2021) 'causal modelling in fertility research: A review of the literature and an application to a parental leave policy Reform', Comparative Population Studies 46. doi: 10.12765/CPoS-2021-10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreyenfeld, M. and Andersson, G. (2014) 'socioeconomic differences in the unemployment and fertility nexus: evidence from Denmark and Germany', Advances in Life Course Research 21: 59–73. doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2014.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreyenfeld, M., Andersson, G. and Pailhé, A. (2012) 'economic uncertainty and family dynamics in Europe: Introduction', Demographic Research 27: 835–52. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreyenfeld, M. and Konietzka, D. (2002) 'the performance of migrants in occupational labour markets', European Societies 4(1): 53–78. doi: 10.1080/14616690220130991
   Google Scholar
• Kulu, H. and González-Ferrer, A. (2014) 'family dynamics among immigrants and their descendants in Europe: current research and opportunities', European Journal of Population 30(4): 411–35. doi: 10.1007/s10680-014-9322-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulu, H. and Hannemann, T. (2016) 'why does fertility remain high among certain UK-born ethnic minority women?', Demographic Research 35: 1441–88. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.49
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C. and Kulu, H. (2022) Work-migration-life balance: Patterns of immigrant labor market engagement by family status. Migrant Life Working Paper 11. University of St. Andrews.
   Google Scholar
• Livi-Bacci, M. (2001) 'too few children and too much family', Daedalus 130(3): 139–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Y., Wang, J. S. H. and Han, W. J. (2017) 'women’s short-term employment trajectories following birth: patterns, determinants, and variations by race/ethnicity and nativity', Demography 54(1): 93–118. doi: 10.1007/s13524-016-0541-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundström, K. E. and Andersson, G. (2012) 'labor market status, migrant status, and first childbearing in Sweden', Demographic Research 27: 719–42. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matysiak, A., Sobotka, T. and Vignoli, D. (2020) 'the great recession and fertility in Europe: A sub-national analysis', European Journal of Population, 1–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matysiak, A. and Vignoli, D. (2008) 'fertility and women’s employment: A meta-analysis', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 24(4): 363–84. doi: 10.1007/s10680-007-9146-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milewski, N. (2009) Fertility of Immigrants: A two-Generational Approach in Germany, Springer Science and Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Milewski, N. (2010) 'immigrant fertility in west Germany: Is there a socialization effect in transitions to second and third births?', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 26(3): 297–323. doi: 10.1007/s10680-010-9211-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milewski, N. and Mussino, E. (2019) Editorial on the Special Issue “New Aspects on Migrant Populations in Europe: Norms, Attitudes and Intentions in Fertility and Family Planning”. Comparative Population Studies, 43.
   Google Scholar
• Monti, A., Drefahl, S., Härkönen, J. and Mussino, E. (2018) 'Over-coverage in population registers and what We Can Do about It', SRRD, 24.
   Google Scholar
• Mood, C. (2010) 'logistic regression: Why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it', European Sociological Review 26(1): 67–82. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcp006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder, C. H. and Wagner, M. (1993) 'migration and marriage in the life course: a method for studying synchronized events', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 9(1): 55–76. doi: 10.1007/BF01267901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussino, E. and Cantalini, S. (2020) Multiple-origin and multiple- destination: The fertility of migrants in Europe. SRRD, 2020, 47.
   Google Scholar
• Mussino, E. and Cantalini, S. (2022) 'influences of origin and destination on migrant fertility in Europe', Population, Space and Place, online First. doi:10.1002/psp.2567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussino, E. and Duvander, A. Z. (2016) 'use it or save it? migration background and parental leave uptake in Sweden', European Journal of Population 32(2): 189–210. doi: 10.1007/s10680-015-9365-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussino, E., Gabrielli, G., Paterno, A., Strozza, S. and Terzera, L. (2015) 'motherhood of foreign women in lombardy: testing the effects of migration by citizenship', Demographic Research 33: 653–64. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.23
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussino, E. and Strozza, S. (2012a) 'the fertility of immigrants after arrival: The Italian case', Demographic Research 26: 99–130. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2012.26.4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussino, E. and Strozza, S. (2012b) 'does citizenship still matter? second birth risks of migrants from Albania, Morocco, and Romania in Italy', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 28(3): 269–302. doi: 10.1007/s10680-012-9261-6
   Google Scholar
• Mussino, E. and Van Raalte, A. A. (2013) 'immigrant fertility: A comparative study between Italy and Russia', International Migration 51(2): 148–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00760.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mynarska, M., Matysiak, A., Rybińska, A., Tocchioni, V. and Vignoli, D. (2015) 'diverse paths into childlessness over the life course', Advances in Life Course Research 25: 35–48. doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2015.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, E. and Nault, F. (1997) 'fertility among recent immigrant women to Canada, 1991: An examination of the disruption hypothesis', International Migration 35(4): 559–80. doi: 10.1111/1468-2435.00027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD (2020) Labor market outcomes of immigrants and integration policies in OECD countries. International Migration Outlook 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ohlsson-Wijk, S. (2015) 'type of occupation and the transition to parenthood in Sweden', Stockholm Research Reports in Demography 11.
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheimer, V. K. (1994) 'women's rising employment and the future of the family in industrial societies', Population and Development Review, 293–342. doi: 10.2307/2137521
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortensi, L. E. (2015) 'the integration of forced migrants into the Italian labor market', Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies 13(2): 179–99. doi: 10.1080/15562948.2014.907952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özcan, B., Mayer, K. U. and Luedicke, J. (2010) 'the impact of unemployment on the transition to parenthood', Demographic Research 23: 807–46. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.29
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrado, E. A. and Morgan, S. P. (2008) 'intergenerational fertility among hispanic women: New evidence of immigrant assimilation', Demography 45(3): 651–71. doi: 10.1353/dem.0.0023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prifti, E. and Vuri, D. (2013) 'employment protection and fertility: evidence from the 1990 Italian reform', Labour Economics 23: 77–88. doi: 10.1016/j.labeco.2013.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranjan, P. (1999) 'fertility behaviour under income uncertainty', European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 15(1): 25–43. doi: 10.1023/A:1006106527618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyneri, E. (2004) 'immigrants in a segmented and often undeclared labour market', Journal of Modern Italian Studies 9(1): 71–93. doi: 10.1080/1354571042000179191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyneri, E. and Fullin, G. (2011) 'labour market penalties of new immigrants in new and old receiving west European countries', International Migration 49(1): 31–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00593.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robards, J. and Berrington, A. (2016) 'the fertility of recent migrants to England and Wales', Demographic Research 34: 1037–52. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.34.36
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Róbert, P. and Bukodi, E. (2005) The effects of the globalization process on the transition to adulthood in Hungary. Globalization, Uncertainty and Youth in Society: The Losers in a Globalizing World, 177–2014.
   Google Scholar
• Santarelli, E. (2011) 'economic resources and the first child in Italy: A focus on income and job stability', Demographic Research 25: 311–36. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2011.25.9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, C. (2008) Gender-specific Effects of Unemployment on Family Formation: A Cross-National Perspective, DIW Berlin, Discussion Papers 841.
   Google Scholar
• Schøne, P. (2004) 'labour supply effects of a cash-for-care subsidy', Journal of Population Economics 17(4): 703–27. doi: 10.1007/s00148-003-0176-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobotka, T. (2017) Migrant Fertility in Europe: Accelerated Decline During the Great Recession Period?, Conference “The Fertility of Migrants and Minorities”, Hannover (Germany), February 6th 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Sobotka, T., Skirbekk, V. and Philipov, D. (2011) 'economic recession and fertility in the developed world', Population and Development Review 37(2): 267–306. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00411.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stonawski, M., Potančoková, M. and Skirbekk, V. (2016) 'fertility patterns of native and migrant muslims in Europe', Population, Space and Place 22(6): 552–67. doi: 10.1002/psp.1941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testa, M. R., Cavalli, L. and Rosina, A. (2011) 'couples’ childbearing behaviour in Italy: which of the partners is leading it?', Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 157–78.
   Google Scholar
• Tønnessen, M., Aradhya, S. and Mussino, E. (2021) 'how assad changed population growth in Sweden and Norway: Syrian refugees’ impact on nordic national and municipal demography', PloS one 16(1): e0244670. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tønnessen, M. and Mussino, E. (2020) 'fertility patterns of migrants from low-fertility countries in Norway', Demographic Research 42: 859–74. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2020.42.31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trappolini, E. and Giudici, C. (2021) 'gendering health differences between nonmigrants and migrants by duration of stay in Italy', Demographic Research 45: 221–58. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Tubergen, F., Maas, I. and Flap, H. (2004) 'the economic incorporation of immigrants in 18 western societies: origin, destination, and community effects', American Sociological Review 69(5): 704–27. doi: 10.1177/000312240406900505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal-Coso, E. (2019) 'female employment following childbirth: differences between native and immigrant women in Switzerland', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45(9): 1667–92. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1444983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vignoli, D., Drefahl, S. and De Santis, G. (2012) 'whose job instability affects the likelihood of becoming a parent in Italy? A tale of two partners', Demographic Research 26: 41–62. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2012.26.2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolbers, M. H. (2007) 'employment insecurity at labour market entry and its impact on parental home leaving and family formation: A comparative study among recent graduates in eight European countries', International Journal of Comparative Sociology 48(6): 481–507. doi: 10.1177/0020715207083339
   Google Scholar
• Wood, Jonas and Neels, Karel (2017) Advances in Life Course Research 33: 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2016.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, W. H. and Sun, S. (2018) 'fertility responses to individual and contextual unemployment: differences by socioeconomic background', Demographic Research.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar