SEMI-COLONIALISM AND JOURNALISTIC SPHERE OF INFLUENCE

References

• Allman , Norwood . 1943 . Shanghai Lawyer , New York : Whittlesey House .
   Google Scholar
• Berkeley Daily Gazette 1926 “The British vs. the American Newspaper Editors” , 23 March , p. 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Bhabha , Homi . 1995 . Location of Culture , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , Harry . 1934 . Riding the Tiger , Boston : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Codell , Julie 2003 Imperial Co-histories: national identities and the British colonial press , Madison, WI : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chalaby , Jean . 1996 . Journalism as an Anglo-American Invention . European Journal of Communication , 11 ( 3 ) : 303 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao , Ming-Heng . 1931 . The Foreign Press in China , Shanghai : China Institute of Pacific Relations .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , Tzu-Hsiang . 1937 . The English Language Daily Press in China , Peking : The Synodal Collectanea Commission .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1925 “American Papers Everywhere Except in Shanghai” , 8 May , p. 243 .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1926a “Status of the American Newspaper Situation at Shanghai” , 1 May , pp. 215 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1926b “The Proposed American Paper for Shanghai” , 26 June , pp. 83 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1926c “American Paper for Shanghai” , 17 July , p. 155 .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1927 “The Future of Foreign Newspapers in China” , 23 April , p. 196 .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1928 “Newspaper Correspondents as Diplomats” , 29 December , p. 189 .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1929 “Private Confidential: not for the press” , 9 February , p. 440 .
   Google Scholar
• China Weekly Review 1930 “The Departure of Editor Green of the N.C.D.N.” , 5 July , p. 168 .
   Google Scholar
• China Year Book 1913 China Year Book, 1913 , London : George Routledge & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• China Year Book 1927 China Year Book, 1926–7 , Tientsin : Tientsin Press .
   Google Scholar
• China's Department Of Internal Affairs 1935 Statistics of Foreign-language Periodicals in China , in: China's No. 2 Archive Institute, An Archival Collection on the History of the Republic of China , Vol. 5 , Jiangsu : Guji , pp. 128 – 30 . (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Chirol Valentine 1909 Letter to George Morrison, Sept. 17, 1909 , reprinted in: George Morrison (1976) , The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1895–1912 , London : Cambridge University Press , pp. 525 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , Grover . 1932 . Economic Rivalries in China , London : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Crow , Carl 1938 “Circulation Receipt from the China Weekly Review” , Carl Crow Papers, Western Historical Manuscript Collection, Columbia, MO.
   Google Scholar
• Crow , Carl . 1944 . China Takes Her Place , New York : Harper & Brothers .
   Google Scholar
• Dingle , Edwin . 1911 . Across China on Foot: life in the interior and the reform movement , New York : Henry Holt .
   Google Scholar
• Ekins , Herbert and Wright , Theon . 1938 . China Fights for Her Life , New York : Whittlesey .
   Google Scholar
• Fairbank , John . 1974 . Chinese–American Interactions: a historical summary , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Feetham , Richard 1931 Report of the Hon. Richard Feetham, C.M.C. to the Shanghai Municipal Council , Vol. I , Shanghai : North-China Daily News .
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher , John and Robinson , Ronald . 1953 . The Imperialism of Free Trade . Economic History Review , 51 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , Bryna . 2000 . Improvisations on a Semicolonial Theme, or, How to Read a Celebration of Transnational Urban Community . Journal of Asian Studies , 59 ( 4 ) : 889 – 926 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman , Bryna . 2004 . Networks of News: power, language and transnational dimensions of the Chinese press, 1850–1949 . China Review , 4 ( 1 ) : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Gould , Randall 1935 Foreign Journalism in China , Peiping Chronicle , 13 October, np .
   Google Scholar
• Gould , Randall 1937 Recruits Drifting in Add to China Staffs , Editor and Publisher 70(14) , np, found in Gould Papers , Hoover Institution Archives , Stanford, CA .
   Google Scholar
• Gould , Randall 1960s Three p.m. Shanghai Time: a memoir in three parts , unpublished manuscript in Sinologisch Instituut , Universiteit Leiden , Netherlands .
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , John . 1986 . Missouri News Monopoly and American Altruism in China: Thomas F. F. Millard, J. B. Powell, and Edgar Snow . Pacific Historical Review , 55 ( 1 ) : 27 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , Aled 2003 Welsh Missionary Journalism in India, 1880–1947 , in : Julie Codell Imperial Co-histories , Madison, WI : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press , pp. 242 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Lippmann , Walter . 1935 . Britain and America: the prospects of political cooperation in the light of their paramount interests . Foreign Affairs , 13 ( 3 ) : 363 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Ma , Liang 1935 A Survey of the Foreign Press in Shanghai by the 2nd Department of the General Staff Headquarters , reprinted in: China's No. 2 Archive Institute An Archival Collection on the History of the Republic of China , Vol. 5 , Jiangsu : Guji , pp. 131 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Mackinnon , Stephen and Friesen , Oris 1987 China Reporting: an oral history of American journalism in 1930s and 1940s , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mackinnon , Stephen . 1997 . Toward a History of the Chinese Press in the Republican Period . Modern China , 23 : 3 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mccormick , Thomas 1967 China Market: America's quest for informal empire , pp. 1893 – 1901 , Chicago : Quadrangle .
   Google Scholar
• Millard , Thomas . 1916 . Our Eastern Question: America's contact with the Orient and the trend of relations with China and Japan , New York : Century .
   Google Scholar
• Millard , Thomas . 1927 . Undermining American Policy in China . China Weekly Review , 5 : 229 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Millard , Thomas . 1928 . China: where it is today and why , New York : Harcourt & Brace .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , George 1909a Letter to Moberly Bell, July 14, 1909 , reprinted in: Morrison (1976) The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1895–1912 , London : Cambridge University Press , pp. 501 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , George 1909b Letter to V. Chirol, August 31, 1909 , reprinted in: Morrison (1976) , The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1895–1912 , London : Cambridge University Press , pp. 520 – 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , George 1913 Memorandum Regarding a Proposition for the Creation of a Chinese Daily Newspaper, May 19, 1913 , reprinted in: Morrison (1978) The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1912–1920 , London : Cambridge , pp. 145 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , George 1915 Letter to H. W. Steed, Feb. 17, 1915 , reprinted in: Morrison (1978) , The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1912–1920 , London : Cambridge , pp. 373 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , George . 1976 . The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1895–1912 , London : Cambridge .
   Google Scholar
• Nalbach , Alexander 2003 The Software of Empire: telegraphic news agencies and imperial publicity, 1865–1914 , in : Julie Codell Imperial Co-histories , Madison, WI : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press , pp. 68 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• New York Times 1911 “Starts a Paper in Shanghai” , 30 August , p. 6 .
   Google Scholar
• New York Times 1915 “Japan's Claims Abated?” , 5 March , p. 1 .
   Google Scholar
• New York Times 1929 “Newspaper Offends China” , 27 January , p. 2
   Google Scholar
• North China Daily News 1919 “ Prof. John Dewey's Visit to China ”, 15 May, np.
   Google Scholar
• Osterhammel , Jurgen 1986 Semicolonialism and Informal Empire in Twentieth-century China: towards a framework of analysis , in: Wolfgang Mommsen and Jurgen Osterhammel (Eds), Imperialism and After , London : Allen and Unwin , pp. 290 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• Park , Robert . 1922 . The Immigrant Press and Its Control , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , Don 1922 The Foreign News Services of China , unpublished manuscript, founding Sara Williams Papers, Western Historical Manuscript Collection, Columbia, MO.
   Google Scholar
• Peking and Tientsin Times 1927 “ The Chung Mei's Lies”, 25 March, np; “Chung Mei on Nanking,” 29 March: np, found in Randall Gould Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Pennell , Wilfred . 1974 . A Lifetime with the Chinese , Hong Kong : South China Morning Post .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , John nd Chinese Weekly Review, China Press , unpublished manuscript, Powell Papers, Western Historical Manuscript Collection, Columbia, MO.
   Google Scholar
• Powell , John 1936 The Journalistic Field , in: American University Club of Shanghai (Ed.), American University Men in China , Shanghai : The Comacrib Press , pp. 122 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , John . 1945 . My Twenty-five Years in China , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Pratt , Mary . 1992 . Imperial Eyes: travel writing and transculturation , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Raico , Ralph 1995 American Foreign Policy: the turning point, 1898–1919 , Freedom Daily , February–July, np .
   Google Scholar
• Rand , Peter . 1995 . China Hands: the adventures and ordeals of the American journalists who joined forces with the great Chinese revolution , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Rea , George . 1928 . Twenty-five Years: the Americanism of the Far Eastern Review . Far Eastern Review , 24 ( 5 ) : 145 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Rozanski , Mordechai 1974 “ The Role of American Journalists in Chinese–American Relations, 1900–1925 ”, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
   Google Scholar
• Said , Edward . 1978 . Orientalism , New York : Vintage .
   Google Scholar
• Said , Edward . 1993 . Culture and Imperialism , New York : Vintage .
   Google Scholar
• Schuman , Julian . 1956 . Assignment China , New York : Whittier Books .
   Google Scholar
• Service , John 1991 Golden Inches: the China memoir of Grace Service , Berkeley : University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , Ralph . 1973 . Sin City , London : Everest .
   Google Scholar
• shih , shu-mei 2001 The Lure of the Modern: writing modernism in semicolonial China, 1917–1937 , Berkeley : University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sokolsky , George 1919 Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, CA “Foreign Press” Sokolsky Papers, 127(6)
   Google Scholar
• Sokolsky , George . 1937 . Americans in China: an occidental view , New York : National Council of Protestant Episcopal Church .
   Google Scholar
• The Times 1925 Anti-British Propaganda , 12 June , p. 17
   Google Scholar
• Walker , Kathy . 1999 . Chinese Modernity and the Peasant Path: semicolonialism in northern Yangzi Delta , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wehrle , Edmund . 1966 . Britain, China, and the Antimissionary Riots, 1891–1900 , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• White , James 1935 Chinese Press Goes American , Editor & Publisher X–XII, np.
   Google Scholar
• Williams , William . 1982 . The Tragedy of American Diplomacy , New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Woodhead , Henry . 1932 . A Visit to Manchukuo , Shanghai : Mercury .
   Google Scholar
• Woodhead , Henry . 1935 . Adventures in Far Eastern Journalism , Tokyo : Hokuseido .
   Google Scholar