851
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Transparency in the News: The Impact of Self-Disclosure and Process Disclosure on the Perceived Credibility of the Journalist, the Story, and the Organization

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Abdulla, R. A., B. Garrison, M. B. Salwen, P. D. Driscoll, and D. Casey. 2005. “Online News Credibility.” In Online News and the Public, edited by M. Salwen, B. Garrison, and P. Driscoll, 147–163. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • American Press Institute. 2018. Americans and the News Media: What They do—and Don’t—Understand About Each Other. https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Americans-and-the-News-Media-2018.pdf.
  • Appelman, A., and S. S. Sundar. 2016. “Measuring Message Credibility.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 93 (1): 59–79.
  • Bentley, F. R., N. Daskalova, and B. White. 2017. “Comparing the Reliability of Amazon Mechanical Turk and Surveymonkey to Traditional Market Research Surveys.” Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computer Engineering, 1092–1099.
  • Bentley, F. R., K. O’Neill, and K. Quehl. 2020. “Exploring the Quality, Efficiency, and Representative Nature of Responses Across Multiple Survey Panels.” Paper presentation CHI 2020, Honolulu, HI.
  • Brenan, M. 2019. “Americans’ Trust in Mass Media Edges Down to 41%.” Gallup, September 26. https://news.gallup.com/poll/267047/americans-trust-mass-media-edges-down.aspx.
  • Chadha, K., and M. Koliska. 2015. “Newsrooms and Transparency in the Digital age.” Journalism Practice 9 (2): 215–229.
  • Charity, A. 1995. Doing Public Journalism. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Chen, G. M., A. Curry, and K. Whipple. 2019. “Building Trust: What Works for News Organizations.” Center for Media Engagement, February. https://mediaengagement.org/research/building-trust.
  • Cheney, G. 1992. “The Corporate Person (Re)Presents Itself.” In Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations, edited by E. L. Toth, and R. L. Heath, 165–183. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Coombs, W. T., and S. J. Holladay. 2015. “Public Relations’ ‘Relationship Identity’ in Research: Enlightenment or Illusion.” Public Relations Review 41: 689–695.
  • Curry, A. L., and J. N. Stroud. 2017. “Trust in Online News.” Center for Media Engagement, December. https://mediaengagement.org/research/trust-in-online-news.
  • Curry, A., and J. N. Stroud. 2019. “The Effects of Journalistic Transparency on Credibility Assessments and Engagement Intentions.” Journalism.
  • Flanagin, A. J., and M. J. Metzger. 2000. “Perceptions of Internet Information Credibility.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 77 (3): 515–540.
  • Flanagin, A. J., and M. J. Metzger. 2003. “The Perceived Credibility of Personal Web Page Information as Influenced by the Sex of the Source.” Computers in Human Behavior 19: 683–701.
  • Fogg, B. J. 2002. Stanford Guidelines for Web Credibility. http://www.webcredibility.org/guidelines.
  • Frank, R. 2019. “Edelman Study: High Levels of Trust in Traditional Media Persist.” News Media Alliance, January 30. https://www.newsmediaalliance.org/edelman-study-media-trust/.
  • Gaziano, C., and K. McGrath. 1986. “Measuring the Concept of Credibility.” Journalism Quarterly 63: 451–462.
  • Gillmor, D. 2004. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People. Sebastopol: O’Reilly.
  • Greer, J. D. 2003. “Evaluating the Credibility of Online Information: A Test of Source and Advertising Influence.” Mass Communication & Society 6 (1): 11–28.
  • Hass, R. G. 1981. “Effects of Source Characteristics on Cognitive Response and Persuasion.” In Cognitive Responses in Persuasion, edited by R. E. Petty, T. M. Ostrom, and T. C. Brock, 141–172. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Hayes, A., J. B. Singer, and J. Ceppos. 2007. “Shifting Roles, Enduring Values: The Credible Journalist in a Digital Age.” Journal of Mass Media Ethics 22 (4): 262–279.
  • Hermida, A. 2009. “The Blogging BBC.” Journalism Practice 3 (3): 268–284.
  • Hovland, C. I., and W. Weiss. 1951. “The Influence of Source Credibility on Communication Effectiveness.” Public Opinion Quarterly 15 (4): 635–650.
  • Indicators of news media trust. 2018. Knight Foundation. https://knightfoundation.org/reports/indicators-of-news-media-trust/.
  • Ingram, M. 2018. “The Media Today: Reader Trust Splits Along Party Lines.” Columbia Journalism Review, January 17. https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/the-media-today-reader-trust-splits-democrat-republican.php.
  • Johnson, K. A. 2020. “I Got a New Puppy! The Impact of Personal, Opinion, and Objective Tweets on a Journalist’s and a News Organization’s Perceived Credibility.” Journalism Practice 14 (1): 48–66.
  • Johnson, T. J., and B. K. Kaye. 1998. “Cruising is Believing?: Comparing Internet and Traditional Sources on Media Credibility Measures.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 75 (2): 325–340.
  • Johnson, K. A., and S. Wiedenbeck. 2009. “Enhancing Perceived Credibility of Citizen Journalism Web Sites.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 86 (2): 332–348.
  • Jurkowitz, M., A. Mitchell, E. Shearer, and M. Walker. 2020. “U.S. Media Polarization and the 2020 Election: A Nation Divided.” Gallup, January 24. https://www.journalism.org/2020/01/24/u-s-media-polarization-and-the-2020-election-a-nation-divided/.
  • Kang, M. 2014. “Understanding Public Engagement: Conceptualizing and Measuring Its Influence on Supportive Behavioral Intentions.” Journal of Public Relations Research 26: 399–416.
  • Karlsson, M. 2010. “Rituals of Transparency.” Journalism Studies 11 (4): 535–545.
  • Karlsson, M. 2011. “The Immediacy of Online News, the Visibility of Journalistic Processes and a Restructuring of Journalistic Authority.” Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 12 (3): 279–295.
  • Karlsson, M. 2020. “Dispersing the Opacity of Transparency in Journalism on the Appeal of Different Forms of Transparency to the General Public.” Journalism Studies 21 (13): 1795–1814.
  • Karlsson, M., and C. Clerwall. 2018. “Transparency to the Rescue?” Journalism Studies 19 (13): 1923–1933.
  • Karlsson, M., C. Clerwall, and L. Nord. 2014. “You Ain’t Seen Nothing Yet: Transparency’s (Lack of) Effect on Source and Message Credibility.” Journalism Studies 15 (5): 668–678.
  • Koliska, M., and K. Chadha. 2018. “Transparency in German Newsrooms: Diffusion of a New Journalistic Norm?” Journalism Studies 19 (16): 2400–2416.
  • Kovach, B., and T. Rosenstiel. 2001. The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. New York: Crown.
  • Lasorsa, D. 2012. “Transparency and Other Journalistic Norms on Twitter.” Journalism Studies 13 (2): 402–417.
  • Lasorsa, D., S. Lewis, and A. Holton. 2012. “Normalizing Twitter: Journalism Practice in an Emerging Communication Space.” Journalism Studies 13 (1): 19–36.
  • Lee, J. 2015. “The Double-Edged Sword: The Effects of Journalists’ Social Media Activities on Audience Perceptions of Journalists and Their News Products.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20: 312–329.
  • Lee, J. 2016. “Opportunity or Risk? How News Organizations Frame Social Media in Their Guidelines for Journalists.” The Communication Review 19 (2): 106–127.
  • Lowry, P. B., D. W. Wilson, and W. L. Haig. 2014. “A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Source Credibility Theory Applied to Logo and Website Design for Heightened Credibility and Consumer Trust.” International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 30 (1): 63–93.
  • Mayer, J. 2019. “What Does Transparency in Journalism Actually Look Like?” Trustingnews.org, April 26. https://medium.com/trusting-news/what-does-transparency-in-journalism-actually-look-like-929f768475c7.
  • McCroskey, J. C., and J. J. Teven. 1999. “Goodwill: A Reexamination of the Construct and Its Measurement.” Communication Monographs 66 (1): 90–103.
  • Media use and evaluation. 2019. “Gallup.” https://news.gallup.com/poll/1663/media-use-evaluation.aspx.
  • Metzger, M. J., A. J. Flanagin, and R. B. Medders. 2010. “Social and Heuristic Approaches to Credibility Evaluation Online.” Journal of Communication 60 (3): 413–439.
  • Meyer, P. 1988. “Defining and Measuring Credibility of Newspapers: Developing an Index.” Journalism Quarterly 65: 567–574.
  • Mor, N., and Z. Reich. 2018. “From “Trust Me” to “Show Me” Journalism.” Journalism Practice 12 (9): 1091–1108.
  • Newhagen, J., and C. Nass. 1989. “Differential Criteria for Evaluating Credibility of Newspapers and TV News.” Journalism Quarterly 66: 277–284.
  • Phillips, A. 2010. “Transparency and the New Ethics of Journalism.” Journalism Practice 4 (3): 373–382.
  • Porlezza, C. 2019. “From Participatory Culture to Participatory Fatigue: The Problem with the Public.” Social Media and Society 5 (3): 1–4.
  • Rainie, L., S. Keeter, and A. Perrin. 2019. Trust and Distrust in America. https://www.people-press.org/2019/07/22/trust-and-distrust-in-america/.
  • Revers, M. 2014. “The Twitterization of News Making: Transparency and Journalistic Professionalism.” Journal of Communication 64: 806–826.
  • Rimmer, T., and D. Weaver. 1987. “Different Questions, Different Answers? Media use and Media Credibility.” Journalism Quarterly 64: 28–44.
  • Rupar, V. 2006. “How Did You Find That Out? Transparency of the Newsgathering Process and the Meaning of News.” Journalism Studies 7 (1): 127–143.
  • Schaeffer, K. 2019. “Share of Americans Who Favor Stricter Gun Laws has Increased Since 2017.” Pew Research Center, October 16. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/.
  • Show individual personality and credibility. 2017. TrustingNews.Org [document], November. https://trustingnews.org/start-earning-trust/.
  • St. John, B. 2017. Public Relations and the Corporate Persona: The Rise of the Affinitive Organization. New York: Routledge.
  • Strömbäck, J., Y. Tsfati, H. Boomgaarden, A. Damstra, E. Lindgren, R. Vliegenthart, and T. Lindholm. 2020. “News Media Trust and its Impact on Media Use: Toward a Framework for Future Research.” Annals of the International Communication Association, 44 (2): 1–18.
  • Swasy, A., E. Tandoc, M. Bhandari, and R. Davis. 2015. “Traditional Reporting More Credible Than Citizen News.” Newspaper Research Journal 36 (2): 225–236.
  • Thorson, E., R. Wicks, and G. Leshner. 2012. “Experimental Methodology in Journalism and Mass Communication Research.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 89: 112–124.
  • Tuchman, Gaye. 1972. “Objectivity as Strategic Ritual: An Examination of Newsmen’s Notion of Objectivity.” American Journal of Sociology 77 (4): 660–679.
  • U.S. voter support for abortion is high, Quinnipiac University national poll finds; 94 percent back universal gun background checks. 2019. Quinnipiac University [News Release], May 22. https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2623.
  • Walthen, N. C., and J. Burkell. 2002. “Believe it or Not: Factors Influencing Credibility on the Web.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 53 (2): 134–144.
  • Watkins, B. A. 2017. “Experimenting with Dialogue on Twitter: An Examination of the Influence of the Dialogic Principles on Engagement, Interaction, and Attitude.” Public Relations Review 43 (1): 163–171.
  • Zelizer, B. 2006. Taking Journalism Seriously: News and the Academy. Thousand Oak, CA: Sage.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.