Mapping Peace Journalism: Toward a Shared Understanding of Success

References

• Abunales, D. 2016. “Peace Journalism: Preparing Aspiring Journalists to Value Culture of Peace.” Asia Pacific Media Educator 26 (2): 252–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adebayo, J. O. 2016. “The Impact of Peace Journalism Training on Journalists’ Reportage of the 2015 Elections in Nigeria: An Action Research Case Study.” Communicatio 42 (3): 361–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan, S., and B. Zelizer, eds. 2004. Reporting War: Journalism in Wartime. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, T., and J. Seaton. 1999. The Media of Conflict: War Reporting and Representations of Ethnic Violence. London and New York: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, L. 2015. “Countering Islamophobic Media Representations: The Potential Role of Peace Journalism.” Global Media and Communication 11 (3): 255–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andresen, K., A. Hoxha, and J. Godole. 2017. “New Roles for Media in the Western Balkans.” Journalism Studies 18 (5): 614–628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslam, R. 2016. “Building Peace Through Journalism in the Social/Alternate Media.” Media and Communication 4 (1): 63–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atay, A. D. 2016. “Communicating with the “Other”: Peace Journalism as a Form of Self-Other Relationship.” Journal of Media Ethics 31 (3): 188–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batool, S., Z. Yasin, and T. Khurshid. 2015. “Comparative Study of Peace Process Between Pakistan and India in The News, Daily Dawn and The Times of India: A Case Study of ‘Aman Ki Asha’.” Journal of Political Studies 2: 511–527.
   Google Scholar
• Benn, J. 2015. “From Passive to Active: The Spectrum of Peace Journalism.” Conflict & Communication 14 (2): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Bläsi, B. 2004. “Peace Journalism and the News Production Process.” Conflict & Communication 3 (1/2): 2–12.
   Google Scholar
• Bläsi, B. 2009. “Implementing Peace Journalism: The Role of Conflict Stages.” Conflict & Communication 8 (2): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Borah, P. 2011. “Conceptual Issues in Framing Theory: A Systematic Examination of a Decade's Literature.” Journal of Communication 61 (2): 246–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1998. [orig. 1996]. On Television. Trans. P.P. Ferguson. New York, NY: New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Budak, E. 2018. “Discourse in News and Peace Journalism: The Case of Shooting Down of the Russian Attack Aircraft.” Global Media Journal TR Edition 9 (17): 53–74.
   Google Scholar
• Cacciatore, M. A., D. A. Scheufele, and S. Iyengar. 2016. “The End of Framing as We Know It … And the Future of Media Effects.” Mass Communication and Society 19 (1): 7–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, D. L., R. J. Thomas, and S. D. Ross. 2011. “You are Not a Friend: Media Conflict in Times of Peace.” Journalism Studies 12 (4): 456–473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozma, R. 2015. “Were the Murrow Boys Warmongers? The Relationship Between Sourcing, Framing, and Propaganda in War Journalism.” Journalism Studies 16 (3): 433–448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demarest, L., and A. Langer. 2018. “Peace Journalism on a Shoestring? Conflict Reporting in Nigeria’s National News Media.” Journalism 22 (3): 671–688.
   Google Scholar
• Entman, R. M. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ersoy, M. 2016. “War–Peace Journalism in the Turkish Press: Countries Come to the Brink of War.” International Communication Gazette 78 (3): 247–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahmy, S., and B. Eakin. 2014. “High Drama on the High Seas: Peace Versus War Journalism Framing of an Israeli/Palestinian-Related Incident.” International Communication Gazette 76 (1): 86–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahmy, S., and R. Neumann. 2012. “Shooting War or Peace Photographs? An Examination of Newswires’ Coverage of the Conflict in Gaza (2008-2009).” American Behavioral Scientist 56 (2): NP1–NP26.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, N., and S. Allan. 2015. “Redrawing Boundaries: WITNESS and the Politics of Citizen Videos.” Global Media and Communication 11 (3): 237–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fawcett, L. 2002. “Why Peace Journalism Isn’t News.” Journalism Studies 3 (2): 213–223.
   Google Scholar
• Galtung, J. 1986. “On the Role of the Media in Worldwide Security and Peace.” In Peace and Communication, edited by T. Varis, 249–266. San Jose, Costa Rica: Universidad para La Paz.
   Google Scholar
• Galtung, J. 1998. “Friedensjournalismus: Warum, was, wer, wo, wann?” In Krieg, Nationalismus, Rassismus und die Medien, edited by W. Kempf, and I. (Hrsg.) Schmidt-Regener, 3–20. Münster: Lit.
   Google Scholar
• Galtung, J. 2000. “The Task of Peace Journalism.” Ethical Perspectives 7 (2): 162–167.
   Google Scholar
• Galtung, J. 2003. “Peace Journalism.” Media Asia 30 (3): 177–180.
   Google Scholar
• Galtung, J., and M. H. Ruge. 1965. “The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers.” Journal of Peace Research 2 (1): 64–90.
   Google Scholar
• Glynn, C. J., S. Herbst, G. J. O’Keefe, and R. Y. Shapiro. 2018. Public Opinion. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gouse, V., M. Valentin-Llopis, S. Perry, and B. Nyamwange. 2019. “An Investigation of the Conceptualization of Peace and War in Peace Journalism Studies of Media Coverage of National and International Conflicts.” Media, War & Conflict 12 (4): 435–449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, K., and J. Jenkins. 2015. “Visual Framing of the Syrian Conflict in News and Public Affairs Magazines.” Journalism Studies 16 (2): 207–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackett, R. A. 2006. “Is Peace Journalism Possible? Three Frameworks for Assessing Structure and Agency in News Media.” Conflict & Communication 5 (2): 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Hackett, R. A. 2017. “Can Peace Journalism Be Transposed to Climate Crisis Journalism?” Pacific Journalism Review 23 (1): 14–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haider-Markel, D. P., and M. R. Joslyn. 2001. “Gun Policy, Opinion, Tragedy, and Blame Attribution: The Conditional Influence of Issue Frames.” Journal of Politics 63 (2): 520–543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, S. 2006. Cultural Studies and Its Theoretical Legacies. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hanitzsch, T. 2004. “Journalists as Peacekeeping Force? Peace Journalism and Mass Communication Theory.” Journalism Studies 5 (4): 483–495.
   Google Scholar
• Hanitzsch, T. 2007. “Situating Peace Journalism in Journalism Studies: A Critical Appraisal.” Conflict & Communication 6 (2): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Hanitzsch, T., F. Hanusch, J. Ramaprasad, and A. S. de Beer, eds. 2019. Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, V. 2011. “Peace Process or Just Peace Deal? The Media’s Failure to Cover Peace.” In Expanding Peace Journalism: Comparative and Critical Approaches, edited by I. S. Shaw, J. Lynch, and R. A. Hackett, 261–284. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herman, E. S., and N. Chomsky. 1988. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York, NY: Pantheon.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, S. 2016. “Media Coverage of Taliban: Is Peace Journalism the Solution?” Asia Pacific Media Educator 26 (1): 31–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain, S., and H. Rehman. 2015. “Balochistan: Reaping the Benefits of Peace Journalism.” Conflict & Communication 14 (2): 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, S., and S. A. Siraj. 2019. “Coverage of Taliban Conflict in the Pak–Afghan Press: A Comparative Analysis.” International Communication Gazette 81 (4): 305–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, F., N. Mustaffa, F. Ahmad, C. Peng Kee, and W. A. Wan Mahmud. 2013. “Peace Journalism: Implications of war and Peace News Amongst Malaysian Audience.” Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 23 (2): 258–269.
   Google Scholar
• International Peace Institute. 2017, July 20. How to Measure Peace? For What? For Whom?. New York: International Peace Institute. https://www.ipinst.org/2017/07/how-to-measure-peace#3.
   Google Scholar
• Irvan, S. 2006. “Peace Journalism as a Normative Theory: Premises and Obstacles.” Global Media Journal. Mediterranean Edition 1 (2): 34–39.
   Google Scholar
• Kelling, K., and B. Horvit. 2017. “The Viability of Peace Journalism in Western Media Environments.” Conflict & Communication 16 (2): 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Kempf, W. 2003. “Constructive Conflict Coverage: A Social-Psychological Research and Development Program.” Conflict & Communication 2 (2): 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Kempf, W. 2007. “Peace Journalism: A Tightrope Walk Between Advocacy Journalism and Constructive Conflict Coverage.” Conflict & Communication 6 (2): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kempf, W. 2017. “Towards A Theory and (Better) Practice of Peace Journalism.” Conflict & Communication 16 (2): 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Kempf, W., and S. Thiel. 2012. “On the Interaction Between Media Frames and Individual Frames of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.” Conflict & Communication 11 (2): 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Lacasse, K., and L. Forster. 2012. “The War Next Door: Peace Journalism in US Local and Distant Newspapers’ Coverage of Mexico.” Media, War & Conflict 5 (3): 223–237.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S. T. 2010. “Peace Journalism: Principles and Structural Limitations in the News Coverage of Three Conflicts.” Mass Communication and Society 13 (4): 361–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. T., and C. C. Maslog. 2005. “War or Peace Journalism? Asian Newspaper Coverage of Conflicts.” Journal of Communication 55 (2): 311–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein, D., K. Esau, L. Pavlova, D. Osipov, and N. Argylov. 2019. “Framing the Ukraine Crisis: A Comparison Between Talk Show Debates in Russian and German Television.” International Communication Gazette 81 (1): 66–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loyn, D. 2007. “Good Journalism or Peace Journalism?” Conflict & Communication 6 (2): 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Lukacovic, M. N. 2016. “Peace Journalism and Radical Media Ethics.” Conflict & Communication 15 (2): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J. 2007. “A Course in Peace Journalism.” Conflict and Communication 6 (1): 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J. 2013. A Global Standard for Reporting Conflict. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J., and J. Galtung. 2010. Reporting Conflict: New Directions in Peace Journalism. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J., and A. McGoldrick. 2005. Peace Journalism. Stroud, UK: Hawthorn Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J., and A. McGoldrick. 2012. “Reframing South African TV News as Peace Journalism: Interim Findings from a Field Experiment.” Communicare: Journal for Communication Sciences in Southern Africa 31 (2): 78–96.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J., and A. McGoldrick. 2013. “Responses to Peace Journalism.” Journalism 14 (8): 1041–1058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, J., A. McGoldrick, and J. Heathers. 2015. “Psychophysiological Audience Responses to War Journalism and Peace Journalism.” Global Media and Communication 11 (3): 201–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGoldrick, A., and J. Lynch. 2016. “Audience Responses to Peace Journalism.” Journalism Studies 17 (5): 628–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre, K., and M. Sobel. 2018. “Reconstructing Rwanda.” Journalism Studies 19 (14): 2126–2147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon, R., and P. A. Chow-White. 2011. “News Media Encoding of Racial Reconciliation: Developing a Peace Journalism Model for the Analysis of ‘Cold’ Conflict.” Media, Culture & Society 33 (7): 989–1007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mensah, H. A. 2015. “Resilience and Sustainability in the Coverage of Political Crisis: The Case of the Arab Spring by the BBC, CNN and Aljazeera.” China Media Research 11 (4): 88–99.
   Google Scholar
• Milioni, D. L., V. Doudaki, P. G. Tsiligiannis, V. Papa, and K. Vadratsikas. 2015. “Conflict as News and News as Conflict: A Multidimensional Content Analysis of TV News in Cyprus.” International Journal of Communication 9: 2391–2411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra, S. 2016. “Display-Through-Foregrounding by Photojournalists as Self-Reflexivity in Photojournalism: Two Case Studies of Accidental Peace Photojournalism.” Conflict & Communication Online 15 (2). https://regener-online.de/journalcco/2016_2/abstr_engl/mitra2016_abstr_engl.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Mitra, S. 2018. “Socio-cultural Contexts and Peace Journalism: A Case for Meso-Level Comparative Sociological Investigation of Journalistic Cultures.” Journalism 19 (11): 1517–1533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogekwu, M. 2011. “Conflict Reporting and Peace Journalism. In Search of a new Model: Lessons from the Nigerian Niger Delta Crisis.” In Expanding Peace Journalism: Comparative and Critical Approaches, edited by I. S. Shaw, J. Lynch, and R. A. Hackett, 239–260. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, T. S. 2019. “How RT Frames Conflict: A Comparative Analysis.” Russian Journal of Communication 11 (2): 126–140.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, R., and S. Fahmy. 2016. “Measuring Journalistic Peace/War Performance: An Exploratory Study of Crisis Reporters’ Attitudes and Perceptions.” International Communication Gazette 78 (3): 223–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nohrstedt, S. A., and R. Ottosen. 2015. “Peace Journalism: A Proposition for Conceptual and Methodological Improvements.” Global Media and Communication 11 (3): 219–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogenga, F. 2012. “Is Peace Journalism Possible in the ‘War’ Against Terror in Somalia? How the Kenyan Daily Nation and the Standard Represented Operation Linda Nchi.” Conflict & Communication 11 (2): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Ottosen, R. 2010. “The War in Afghanistan and Peace Journalism in Practice.” Media, War & Conflict 3 (3): 261–278.
   Google Scholar
• Ozohu-Suleiman, Y. 2014. “War Journalism on Israel/Palestine: Does Contra-Flow Really Make a Difference?” Media, War & Conflict 7 (1): 85–103.
   Google Scholar
• Peleg, S. 2006. “Peace Journalism Through the Lense of Conflict Theory: Analysis and Practice.” Conflict & Communication 5 (2): 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Peleg, S. 2007. “In Defense of Peace Journalism: A Rejoinder.” Conflict & Communication 6 (2): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Perez de Fransius, M. 2014. “Peace Journalism Case Study: US Media Coverage of the Iraq War.” Journalism 15 (1): 72–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robie, D. 2013. “Conflict Reporting in the South Pacific: A Critical Reflexive Approach to Timor-Leste and West Papua.” Media Asia 40 (2): 147–161.
   Google Scholar
• Rodny-Gumede, Y. 2012. “Peace Journalism and the Usage of Online Sources.” Communicare 31 (Special Edition): 57–74.
   Google Scholar
• Rodny-Gumede, Y. 2016. “Awareness Towards Peace Journalism Among Foreign Correspondents in Africa.” Media and Communication 4 (1): 80–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schudson, M. 2003. The Sociology of News. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Selvarajah, S. 2021. “Identifying Obstacles to Peace Journalism in Sri Lanka and Nepal.” Journalism Practice 15 (1): 136–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharif, K., and F. U. Yousafzai. 2011. “War or Peace Framing? An Analysis of the Pakistani Press Coverage on War on Terror.” Journal of Development Communication 22 (1): 56–71.
   Google Scholar
• Shinar, D. 2009. “Can Peace Journalism Make Progress? The Coverage of the 2006 Lebanon war in Canadian and Israeli Media.” International Communication Gazette 71 (6): 451–471.
   Google Scholar
• Shoemaker, P. J., and S. D. Reese. 2014. Mediating the Message in the 21st Century: A Media Sociology Perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Tehranian, M. 2002. “Peace Journalism: Negotiating Global Media Ethics.” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 7 (2): 58–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewksbury, D. H. 2015. “News Framing.” In Oxford Bibliographies in Communication, edited by P. Moy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756841/obo-9780199756841-0010.xml.
   Google Scholar
• Thussu, D., and D. Freedman, eds. 2003. War and the Media: Reporting Conflict 24/7. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Tsarwe, S., and A. Mare. 2019. “Journalistic Framing of Electoral Conflict in a Politically Fragile Society: a Comparative Study of the Zimbabwean Weekly Press.” African Journalism Studies 40 (1): 18–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsfati, Y. 2017. “Media Effects.” In Oxford Bibliographies in Communication, edited by P. Moy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756841/obo-9780199756841-0081.xml.
   Google Scholar
• Tversky, A., and D. Kahneman. 1981. “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice.” Science 211: 453–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verba, S., K. L. Schlozman, and H. E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waisbord, S. 2009. “Rethinking “Development” Journalism.” In The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism, edited by S. Allan, 192–202. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, C., and H. Devere. 2013. “Peace and War Journalism in the New Zealand Media? Reporting on the ‘Arc of Instability’ in the Pacific.” Pacific Journalism Review 19 (1): 132–147.
   Google Scholar